PZT/PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维及其复合材料的制备与性能研究
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摘要
交叉指型压电纤维复合材料是压电纤维／聚合物复合材料的发展新趋势,它采用压电复合材料与交叉指型电极相结合的方式,不仅克服了压电陶瓷材料脆性大及压电聚合物压电性能差等缺点,还大大增强了复合材料的驱动能力和各项异性,可作为传感和驱动元件应用于结构健康检测、结构减震和机器人控制等方面,并可应用于曲面结构,大大扩展了压电材料的应用范围。
本文采用塑性聚合物-挤制成型法制备了不同截面形状、不同截面尺寸的PZT5、PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维,排列浇注法制备了交叉指型压电纤维复合材料,研究了烧结气氛及烧结温度对压电纤维微观结构的影响,探讨了纤维的截而形状和直径尺寸对纤维压电、铁电性能的影响。分析了复合材料中压电相性能、压电相含量及聚合物厚度对压电纤维复合材料铁电性能的影响。上要研究内容和结论如下：
1、采用塑性聚合物-挤制成型法制备了菱形截面和圆形截而的PZT5及PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维,研究了烧结气氛及烧结温度对纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明：在保证充足铅气氛的条件下,PZT5及PMnS-PZN-PZT J(?)电纤维在一定温度范围内均形成纯的钙钛矿相,烧结温度不同,压电纤维的微观形貌及铁电、压电性能不同,但变化幅度不大。截面形状及截面尺寸对压电纤维的烧结温度范围没有影响,PZT5压电纤维的烧结温度范围1250-1280℃,PMnS-PZN-PZT的烧结温度范围1210～1230℃。
2、纤维截面形状、直径尺寸对纤维性能有一定的影响,结果表明：随着纤维截面尺寸减小,纤维的剩余极化强度增大,压电常数减小。对于PZT5压电纤维,菱形截面纤维的压电、铁电性能较同尺寸的圆形截而压电纤维的性能差。对于PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维,菱形截面纤维的压电、铁电性能较同尺寸的圆形截面压电纤维的性能好。
3、不同材料体系压电纤维,其压电铁电性能不同。PZT5体系的压电纤维材料其压电和铁电性能较同截面形状、同尺寸的PMnS-PZN-PZT体系压电纤维好。材料本身的性能对压电纤维性能起着决定性作用。
4、采用排列-浇注法制备压电纤维复合材料PFC,丝网印刷法制备交叉指型电极(IDE),研究压电相的性能对交叉指型压电纤维复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：单根纤维的铁电性能直接影响其复合材料的铁电性能,压电相为PZT5-Φ360(Pr=41μC/cm2)和PMnS-PZN-PZT-Φ260(Pr=9.85μC/cm2)的样品,压电纤维含量相同,厚度基本相同时,其剩余极化强度分别为7.8μC/cm2和0.89μC/cm2。
5、研究复合材料中压电纤维含量、聚合物厚度、纤维截面形状及纤维直径尺寸对交叉指型压电纤维复合材料铁电性能影响。结果表明：压电纤维含量越大,复合材料剩余极化强度越大,聚合物的厚度越小,复合材料的铁电性能越好。以PZT5纤维为压电相,纤维含量相同时,聚合物厚度为0.32mm和0.17mm的复合材料,其剩余极化强度分别为7.8μC/cm2和11.3μC/cm2；以PMnS-PZN-PZT纤维为压电相的复合材料,其厚度相同时,当纤维间距为0.5mm和2mm,其剩余极化强度分别为0.27μC/cm2和0.09μC/cm2。纤维截面形状、尺寸对复合材料的影响,是通过影响电极与压电相间聚合物的厚度、电极与压电相的接触面积及纤维性能等而实现的。
Interdigitated electrodes piezofiber composite(IDEPFC) which adopts the technology of the combination of ceramic fibers and interdigitated electrodes(IDEs) is the latest development trend of fiber/polymer piezoelectric composites. It combines high piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramic and flexibility of polymer, and the driving and orthotropic properties are greatly increased. The composites are widely used as the sensing and driving element in dynamic structural health monitoring, structure damping, and the controlling of pilotless plane. They can also be used on the shape-changing structures and the application of the piezoelectric materials have been enlarged greatly.
In this article, PZT5and PMnS-PZN-PZT piezoelectric fibers with different cross-section shape and different diameters were fabricated by visous polymer processing(VPP). The PFCs were prepared by arranging fibers and casting epoxy resin and the interdigitated electrodes were fabricated by the method of screen printing. The effect of sintering condition, corss-section shape and fiber diameter on fiber phase, microstructure, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were studied. The influence of the fiber's properties, the fiber content and the composite's thickness to the ferroelectric property of composite were analyzed. Specific work and conclusions are as follows:
1. PZT5and PMnS-PZN-PZT piezoelectric fibers with cross-section shape of rhombic and circular were fabricated by VPP. The influence of sintering temperature to fiber structures and properties were studied. The rusults show that, with enough lead provision when sintering and in a range of sintering temperature, we can get pure perovskite phase. The phase, microstructure, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the fibers change with different sintering temperature and the performance changes a little. Fiber cross-section shape and diameter almost have no effect on the optimum sintering temperature. The optimum sintering temperature of PZT5fibers is from1250℃to1280℃, PMnS-PZN-PZT fiber is from1210℃to1230℃.
2. Cross-section shape and diameter of fiber have effect on fiber's performance. The results show that, with the decrease of fiber diameter, the remnant polarization of the PZT5and PMnS-PZN-PZT fibers are increased and their piezoelectric induced strain coefficients d33are decreased. To PZT5piezoelectric fiber, those which have cross-section shape of rhombic have worse piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties than those in the same size with circle cross-section shape. To PMnS-PZN-PZT fiber, those which have rhombic cross-section shape have higher piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties than those in the same size with circle cross-section shape.
3. The piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of fibers are different with different materials. The performance of PZT5piezoelectric fiber is better than that of PMnS-PZN-PZT fiber with the same cross-section shape and the same size. Material's properties decide the properties of the fibers.
4. The PFCs were prepared by arranging fibers and casting epoxy resin and the interdigitated electrodes were fabricated by the method of screen printing. The effect of fiber's performance on the property of the composite were studied. The results show that:the ferroelectric property of single fiber affect the composite's property directly. The remnant polarization of composites with the fibers PZT5-Φ360(Pr=41μC/cm2) and PMnS-PZN-PZT-Φ260(Pr=9.85nμC/cm2) are7.8μC/cm2and0.89μC/cm2respectively, and the composites have the same fiber content and the thickness of the composites are lmm and0.9mm respectively.
5. The influence of the fiber content, the thickness of polymer, fiber cross-section shape and diameter size to the ferroelectric property of the composite were analyzed. The results show that, the composite with larger fiber content and thinner polymer thickness has better ferroelectric property. The remnant polarization of the composite with PZT5fibers are7.8μC/cm2and11.3μC/cm2, the composite had the same fiber content and polymer thickness are0.32mm and0.17mm respectively. The remnant polarization of the composite with PMnS-PZN-PZT fibers are0.27μC/cm2and0.09μC/cm2respectively, and the composite have the same polymer thickness and the fiber spacing are0.5mm and2mm respectively. The influence of fiber cross-section shape and diameter size to the property of composite can be ascribe to the polymer thickness and contact area between the electrodes and fibers.
本文采用塑性聚合物-挤制成型法制备了不同截面形状、不同截面尺寸的PZT5、PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维,排列浇注法制备了交叉指型压电纤维复合材料,研究了烧结气氛及烧结温度对压电纤维微观结构的影响,探讨了纤维的截而形状和直径尺寸对纤维压电、铁电性能的影响。分析了复合材料中压电相性能、压电相含量及聚合物厚度对压电纤维复合材料铁电性能的影响。上要研究内容和结论如下：
1、采用塑性聚合物-挤制成型法制备了菱形截面和圆形截而的PZT5及PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维,研究了烧结气氛及烧结温度对纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明：在保证充足铅气氛的条件下,PZT5及PMnS-PZN-PZT J(?)电纤维在一定温度范围内均形成纯的钙钛矿相,烧结温度不同,压电纤维的微观形貌及铁电、压电性能不同,但变化幅度不大。截面形状及截面尺寸对压电纤维的烧结温度范围没有影响,PZT5压电纤维的烧结温度范围1250-1280℃,PMnS-PZN-PZT的烧结温度范围1210～1230℃。
2、纤维截面形状、直径尺寸对纤维性能有一定的影响,结果表明：随着纤维截面尺寸减小,纤维的剩余极化强度增大,压电常数减小。对于PZT5压电纤维,菱形截面纤维的压电、铁电性能较同尺寸的圆形截而压电纤维的性能差。对于PMnS-PZN-PZT压电纤维,菱形截面纤维的压电、铁电性能较同尺寸的圆形截面压电纤维的性能好。
3、不同材料体系压电纤维,其压电铁电性能不同。PZT5体系的压电纤维材料其压电和铁电性能较同截面形状、同尺寸的PMnS-PZN-PZT体系压电纤维好。材料本身的性能对压电纤维性能起着决定性作用。
4、采用排列-浇注法制备压电纤维复合材料PFC,丝网印刷法制备交叉指型电极(IDE),研究压电相的性能对交叉指型压电纤维复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：单根纤维的铁电性能直接影响其复合材料的铁电性能,压电相为PZT5-Φ360(Pr=41μC/cm2)和PMnS-PZN-PZT-Φ260(Pr=9.85μC/cm2)的样品,压电纤维含量相同,厚度基本相同时,其剩余极化强度分别为7.8μC/cm2和0.89μC/cm2。
5、研究复合材料中压电纤维含量、聚合物厚度、纤维截面形状及纤维直径尺寸对交叉指型压电纤维复合材料铁电性能影响。结果表明：压电纤维含量越大,复合材料剩余极化强度越大,聚合物的厚度越小,复合材料的铁电性能越好。以PZT5纤维为压电相,纤维含量相同时,聚合物厚度为0.32mm和0.17mm的复合材料,其剩余极化强度分别为7.8μC/cm2和11.3μC/cm2；以PMnS-PZN-PZT纤维为压电相的复合材料,其厚度相同时,当纤维间距为0.5mm和2mm,其剩余极化强度分别为0.27μC/cm2和0.09μC/cm2。纤维截面形状、尺寸对复合材料的影响,是通过影响电极与压电相间聚合物的厚度、电极与压电相的接触面积及纤维性能等而实现的。
Interdigitated electrodes piezofiber composite(IDEPFC) which adopts the technology of the combination of ceramic fibers and interdigitated electrodes(IDEs) is the latest development trend of fiber/polymer piezoelectric composites. It combines high piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramic and flexibility of polymer, and the driving and orthotropic properties are greatly increased. The composites are widely used as the sensing and driving element in dynamic structural health monitoring, structure damping, and the controlling of pilotless plane. They can also be used on the shape-changing structures and the application of the piezoelectric materials have been enlarged greatly.
In this article, PZT5and PMnS-PZN-PZT piezoelectric fibers with different cross-section shape and different diameters were fabricated by visous polymer processing(VPP). The PFCs were prepared by arranging fibers and casting epoxy resin and the interdigitated electrodes were fabricated by the method of screen printing. The effect of sintering condition, corss-section shape and fiber diameter on fiber phase, microstructure, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were studied. The influence of the fiber's properties, the fiber content and the composite's thickness to the ferroelectric property of composite were analyzed. Specific work and conclusions are as follows:
1. PZT5and PMnS-PZN-PZT piezoelectric fibers with cross-section shape of rhombic and circular were fabricated by VPP. The influence of sintering temperature to fiber structures and properties were studied. The rusults show that, with enough lead provision when sintering and in a range of sintering temperature, we can get pure perovskite phase. The phase, microstructure, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the fibers change with different sintering temperature and the performance changes a little. Fiber cross-section shape and diameter almost have no effect on the optimum sintering temperature. The optimum sintering temperature of PZT5fibers is from1250℃to1280℃, PMnS-PZN-PZT fiber is from1210℃to1230℃.
2. Cross-section shape and diameter of fiber have effect on fiber's performance. The results show that, with the decrease of fiber diameter, the remnant polarization of the PZT5and PMnS-PZN-PZT fibers are increased and their piezoelectric induced strain coefficients d33are decreased. To PZT5piezoelectric fiber, those which have cross-section shape of rhombic have worse piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties than those in the same size with circle cross-section shape. To PMnS-PZN-PZT fiber, those which have rhombic cross-section shape have higher piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties than those in the same size with circle cross-section shape.
3. The piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of fibers are different with different materials. The performance of PZT5piezoelectric fiber is better than that of PMnS-PZN-PZT fiber with the same cross-section shape and the same size. Material's properties decide the properties of the fibers.
4. The PFCs were prepared by arranging fibers and casting epoxy resin and the interdigitated electrodes were fabricated by the method of screen printing. The effect of fiber's performance on the property of the composite were studied. The results show that:the ferroelectric property of single fiber affect the composite's property directly. The remnant polarization of composites with the fibers PZT5-Φ360(Pr=41μC/cm2) and PMnS-PZN-PZT-Φ260(Pr=9.85nμC/cm2) are7.8μC/cm2and0.89μC/cm2respectively, and the composites have the same fiber content and the thickness of the composites are lmm and0.9mm respectively.
5. The influence of the fiber content, the thickness of polymer, fiber cross-section shape and diameter size to the ferroelectric property of the composite were analyzed. The results show that, the composite with larger fiber content and thinner polymer thickness has better ferroelectric property. The remnant polarization of the composite with PZT5fibers are7.8μC/cm2and11.3μC/cm2, the composite had the same fiber content and polymer thickness are0.32mm and0.17mm respectively. The remnant polarization of the composite with PMnS-PZN-PZT fibers are0.27μC/cm2and0.09μC/cm2respectively, and the composite have the same polymer thickness and the fiber spacing are0.5mm and2mm respectively. The influence of fiber cross-section shape and diameter size to the property of composite can be ascribe to the polymer thickness and contact area between the electrodes and fibers.
引文
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