盐度和低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹生理因子的影响
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摘要
研究了盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼长期和短期渗透调节的影响,盐度对其消化酶活性的影响以及急性低氧胁迫对其血清生化离子的影响。旨在为不同养殖环境条件下卵形鲳鲹的人工养殖提供参考资料,丰富卵形鲳鲹渗透调节机制、消化生理以及血液方面的基础资料。
1、盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼渗透调节的影响
研究了盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼血浆、鰓、肾渗透压和鳃丝Na~+-K+-ATP(NKA)酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:试验结束时,盐度组5、25、35的存活率为分别为87.14%,95.71%,88.86%,其它盐度组无死亡;各盐度鳃丝NKA活性除盐度15外都呈先下降后升高随之回落并趋于稳定的趋势,在2 d后的各时间段随盐度变化呈“U”型分布;血浆渗透压在同一盐度下随时间增加呈先上升后下降在上升随后回落并趋于稳定,在2 d后血浆渗透压随盐度的增加而增大,盐度组35、30显著的高于其它盐度组(P< 0.05);卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在低盐度(5、15),渗透调节器官鰓和肾共同完成对其体渗透压的调节,在其它盐度组,肾对其体渗透压的调节起主导作用。
2、急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼渗透调节的影响
研究了水环境急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼鳃Na~+-K+-ATP(NKA)酶活力,血清、鳃丝、肾脏渗透压的影响。结果表明:将幼鱼从盐度30(对照)中直接转移至盐度5、10、15、20、25、35水体中,96 h后无死亡。各盐度处理鳃NKA酶活性和血清渗透压在最初72 h内出现一定波动,随后变化平稳。试验结束时(96 h) ,NKA活性随盐度梯度呈“U”型分布,盐度35处理酶活高于其它处理,盐度20处理活性最低。各处理的血清渗透压大小(222.5～311.5 mOsmol·kg-1)在96 h时,随着盐度地变化,以盐度15、20为中心,呈对称变化,在盐度20后随盐度上升呈先上升后下降的趋势。相同盐度的鰓渗透压随时间变化呈先上升后下降逐渐稳定的趋势。肾渗透压除盐度5、10处理外,其他盐度组随时间没有显著变化,维持一定的稳定性。说明卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在生理上具有广盐性鱼类的“高渗环境高NKA活性”特征,有较强的渗透压调节与平衡能力。
3、盐度对卵形鲳鲹大规格幼鱼消化酶和饥饿失重的影响
研究了5、15、25、30、35五种盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼(全长8.232±1.414cm,体质量8.685±2.463g)肠、幽门盲囊、胃和肝脏中消化酶活力和饥饿体重减轻的影响。结果表明:在不同盐度下蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性在消化道内的分布是相同的,由高到低依次为肠、幽门盲囊、胃、肝。在胃和肝中,蛋白酶活性随盐度增加先升高后降低,盐度25组显著的高于其它盐度组(P< 0.05)。在肠和幽门盲囊中,蛋白酶活性随着盐度的升高而降低,盐度组5、15、25显著的高于盐度组30、35(P< 0.05)。淀粉酶活力在胃和肝中随盐度变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在盐度25组到达最大值,显著的高于盐度组5、30、35(P< 0.05)。在肠和幽门盲囊中,淀粉酶活力随盐度的升高而降低,在盐度30后升高。在胃、肝、幽门盲囊中,脂肪酶活性随盐度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,在盐度30时达到最大值,盐度5时酶活力最低。肠脂肪酶活性随盐度的升高而升高,在盐度35时达到最大值(P< 0.05),盐度5时最低(P< 0.05)。盐度极显著地影响卵形鲳鲹饥饿失重率( F=6.52>5.99, df1 = 4, df2 = 10, P < 0. 01)。
4、急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹血清指标的影响
研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)血清指标的影响。结果表明:急性低氧胁迫后卵形鲳鲹血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钾、磷、尿素氮浓度上升趋势不明显(P> 0.05),钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组均有显著性差异(P< 0.05),铁极显著高于对照组(P< 0.01)。卵形鲳鲹血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂血糖等有着不同的变化,其中肌酐、尿酸极显著高于对照组(P< 0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),葡糖糖、甘油三酯、白蛋白、球蛋白与对照组无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。血清中乳酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶含量与对照组均无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。肌酸激酶含量呈明显高于对照组(P< 0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),碱性磷酸酶略低于对照组(P> 0.05)。
Studies of the effects of salinity on osmoregulation of juvenile T.ovates in short and long term and effects of salinity on digestive enzyme activities and weight loss for hunger , and acute hypoxic stress on serum biochemical ions. Designed for providing reference materials in breeding T.ovate in different environmental conditions breeding, riching the aspects of basic data of osmotic adjustment mechanism, digestive physiology, and blood of T.ovates.
1、Effects of salinity stress on osmoregulation of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
Studies the effects of salinity changes on gill NKA activities,survival rates, and serum, gill, kideney osmolality of juvenile T. ovatus were measured at 1h,6 h ,12h, 1d, 2d, 4d, 6d, 9d and 12d after transfer to salinity level of 30(control) and salinity levels of 5,15,25,35. The results show that: the survival rate of salinity group 5,25,35 was 87.14%, 95.71%, 88.86%, no mortality occurred in the other salinity groups salinity at the end of experiment. Gill NKA activity salinity were tested the trend that is first decreased and then increased outside the salinity of 15 with salinity change, after the 2d the gill NKA was "U"-type distribution at other time. Plasma osmolality increased and then decreased and stabilized with the increase of time at the same salinity group,the plasma osmotic pressure in the 2d with the increase of salinity, salinity group 35,30 significantly higher than the other salinity groups (P <0.05) .The gills and kidney osmotic of T .ovatus larvae together complete the regulation of its osmotic pressure in low salinity (5,15), the kidney play a leading role in regulation of osmotic pressure of their body in the other salinity group.
2、Effects of abrupt salinity stress on osmoregulation of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
Effects of abrupt salinity changes on gill Na~+-K+-ATPase(NKA) activities,survival rates, and serum, gill, kideney osmolality of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus were measured at 24 h, 48 h and 96 h after transfer to salinity level of 30(control) and salinity levels of 5,10,15,20,25,35. No mortality occurred in all the salinity groups and control group at the 96 h. In all treatments, the gill NKA activity and serum osmolality fluctuated in first 72 h, and then changed smoothly. The NKA activity varied with salinity changes grade in U shape, being higher in salinity 35 and the lowest in salinity 20 at 96h. With salinity changes, the serum osmolality ( ranged 222.5– 311.5 mOsmol·kg- 1 )to salinity of 15, 20 center showed symmetrical change, and it was the first post rise after a downward trend after salinity of 20.At the same salinity, the gills osmolality change showed the trend that was the first rise after a downward then gradually stabilized . Except the salinity of 5, 10, kideney osmolality had no significant change over time, maintain certain stability in other salinity group. It was concluded that Trachinotus ovatus could be characterized physiologically as a“higher NKA-in-hyperosmotic media”marine euryhaline teleost with the capability of rapid and effective balance and osmoregulation.
3、Effects of salinity on digestive enzyme activities and weight loss for hunger of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
The effects of salinity on three digestive enzyme activities of large-sized juvenile Trachinotus ovatus were investigated at salinity of 5, 15, 25, 30, 35 groups, with total length10.53±1.41 cm and body weight (15.01±2.46) g. Protease, amylase and lipase activities were measured and compared in four digestive organs, including intestine, pyloric caeca, stomach and liver. The results showed that under different salinities, the same distribution was in different digestive organs of protease, amylase and lipase activities, and activities in order were intestine, pyloric caeca, stomach, liver. With increasing salinity, in the stomach and liver protease activity increased first and then decreased, which at salinity of 25 group was significantly higher than at the other salinity groups (P﹤0.05); in the intestine and pyloric caeca protease activity decreased, which at salinity of 5,15 and 25 groups were obviously higher than at the salinity of 30 and 35 groups (P﹥0.05). In the stomach and liver the same trend existed in the amylase and protease activity, salinity of 25 group having the maximum activity was significantly higher than salinity of 5,30 and 35 groups (P﹤0.05); in the intestine and pyloric caeca decreased first and then began to rise in the salinity of 30.In the stomach, liver, pyloric caeca lipase activity increased first and then decreased, furthermore, the maximum activity at salinity of 30 groups and the minimum activity at salinity of 5 groups; in the intestine the activity had been increasing, furthermore, the maximum activity at salinity of 35groups (P< 0.05) and the minimum activity at salinity of 5 groups(P﹤0.05). .Salinity affected the weight loss rate for hunger of T.ovatus significantly. (F = 6.52> 5.99, df1 = 4, df2 = 10, P <0. 01).
4、Acute hypoxia stress on ovatus serum biochemical indexes
The present study deal with the influence of acute hypoxia stress on serum biochemical indices of Trachinotus ovatus in the environment. The results showed: after acute hypoxia stress for T.ovatus, ions content in serum compared with the control group increased to varying degrees, including potassium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen concentration compared with the control group, no significant differences (P> 0.05), sodium and chloride , calcium concentration were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group, and iron was greatly higher than control group(P< 0.01). There was great significant differences on serum protein, uric acid, creatinine(P< 0.01), and significant differences on total protein and total cholesterol, and no significant differences on glucose, triglyceride, albumin, globulin (P> 0.05) between control group and test group. Serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, isoenzyme, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels were not significantly different (P> 0.05) compared with the control group. Creatine kinase levels were greatly significantly higher (P< 0.01). Creatine kinase isoenzyme levels were significantly higher (P< 0.05). GGT was significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.05).
1、盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼渗透调节的影响
研究了盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼血浆、鰓、肾渗透压和鳃丝Na~+-K+-ATP(NKA)酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:试验结束时,盐度组5、25、35的存活率为分别为87.14%,95.71%,88.86%,其它盐度组无死亡;各盐度鳃丝NKA活性除盐度15外都呈先下降后升高随之回落并趋于稳定的趋势,在2 d后的各时间段随盐度变化呈“U”型分布;血浆渗透压在同一盐度下随时间增加呈先上升后下降在上升随后回落并趋于稳定,在2 d后血浆渗透压随盐度的增加而增大,盐度组35、30显著的高于其它盐度组(P< 0.05);卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在低盐度(5、15),渗透调节器官鰓和肾共同完成对其体渗透压的调节,在其它盐度组,肾对其体渗透压的调节起主导作用。
2、急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼渗透调节的影响
研究了水环境急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼鳃Na~+-K+-ATP(NKA)酶活力,血清、鳃丝、肾脏渗透压的影响。结果表明:将幼鱼从盐度30(对照)中直接转移至盐度5、10、15、20、25、35水体中,96 h后无死亡。各盐度处理鳃NKA酶活性和血清渗透压在最初72 h内出现一定波动,随后变化平稳。试验结束时(96 h) ,NKA活性随盐度梯度呈“U”型分布,盐度35处理酶活高于其它处理,盐度20处理活性最低。各处理的血清渗透压大小(222.5～311.5 mOsmol·kg-1)在96 h时,随着盐度地变化,以盐度15、20为中心,呈对称变化,在盐度20后随盐度上升呈先上升后下降的趋势。相同盐度的鰓渗透压随时间变化呈先上升后下降逐渐稳定的趋势。肾渗透压除盐度5、10处理外,其他盐度组随时间没有显著变化,维持一定的稳定性。说明卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在生理上具有广盐性鱼类的“高渗环境高NKA活性”特征,有较强的渗透压调节与平衡能力。
3、盐度对卵形鲳鲹大规格幼鱼消化酶和饥饿失重的影响
研究了5、15、25、30、35五种盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼(全长8.232±1.414cm,体质量8.685±2.463g)肠、幽门盲囊、胃和肝脏中消化酶活力和饥饿体重减轻的影响。结果表明:在不同盐度下蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性在消化道内的分布是相同的,由高到低依次为肠、幽门盲囊、胃、肝。在胃和肝中,蛋白酶活性随盐度增加先升高后降低,盐度25组显著的高于其它盐度组(P< 0.05)。在肠和幽门盲囊中,蛋白酶活性随着盐度的升高而降低,盐度组5、15、25显著的高于盐度组30、35(P< 0.05)。淀粉酶活力在胃和肝中随盐度变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在盐度25组到达最大值,显著的高于盐度组5、30、35(P< 0.05)。在肠和幽门盲囊中,淀粉酶活力随盐度的升高而降低,在盐度30后升高。在胃、肝、幽门盲囊中,脂肪酶活性随盐度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,在盐度30时达到最大值,盐度5时酶活力最低。肠脂肪酶活性随盐度的升高而升高,在盐度35时达到最大值(P< 0.05),盐度5时最低(P< 0.05)。盐度极显著地影响卵形鲳鲹饥饿失重率( F=6.52>5.99, df1 = 4, df2 = 10, P < 0. 01)。
4、急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹血清指标的影响
研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)血清指标的影响。结果表明:急性低氧胁迫后卵形鲳鲹血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钾、磷、尿素氮浓度上升趋势不明显(P> 0.05),钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组均有显著性差异(P< 0.05),铁极显著高于对照组(P< 0.01)。卵形鲳鲹血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂血糖等有着不同的变化,其中肌酐、尿酸极显著高于对照组(P< 0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),葡糖糖、甘油三酯、白蛋白、球蛋白与对照组无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。血清中乳酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶含量与对照组均无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。肌酸激酶含量呈明显高于对照组(P< 0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),碱性磷酸酶略低于对照组(P> 0.05)。
Studies of the effects of salinity on osmoregulation of juvenile T.ovates in short and long term and effects of salinity on digestive enzyme activities and weight loss for hunger , and acute hypoxic stress on serum biochemical ions. Designed for providing reference materials in breeding T.ovate in different environmental conditions breeding, riching the aspects of basic data of osmotic adjustment mechanism, digestive physiology, and blood of T.ovates.
1、Effects of salinity stress on osmoregulation of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
Studies the effects of salinity changes on gill NKA activities,survival rates, and serum, gill, kideney osmolality of juvenile T. ovatus were measured at 1h,6 h ,12h, 1d, 2d, 4d, 6d, 9d and 12d after transfer to salinity level of 30(control) and salinity levels of 5,15,25,35. The results show that: the survival rate of salinity group 5,25,35 was 87.14%, 95.71%, 88.86%, no mortality occurred in the other salinity groups salinity at the end of experiment. Gill NKA activity salinity were tested the trend that is first decreased and then increased outside the salinity of 15 with salinity change, after the 2d the gill NKA was "U"-type distribution at other time. Plasma osmolality increased and then decreased and stabilized with the increase of time at the same salinity group,the plasma osmotic pressure in the 2d with the increase of salinity, salinity group 35,30 significantly higher than the other salinity groups (P <0.05) .The gills and kidney osmotic of T .ovatus larvae together complete the regulation of its osmotic pressure in low salinity (5,15), the kidney play a leading role in regulation of osmotic pressure of their body in the other salinity group.
2、Effects of abrupt salinity stress on osmoregulation of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
Effects of abrupt salinity changes on gill Na~+-K+-ATPase(NKA) activities,survival rates, and serum, gill, kideney osmolality of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus were measured at 24 h, 48 h and 96 h after transfer to salinity level of 30(control) and salinity levels of 5,10,15,20,25,35. No mortality occurred in all the salinity groups and control group at the 96 h. In all treatments, the gill NKA activity and serum osmolality fluctuated in first 72 h, and then changed smoothly. The NKA activity varied with salinity changes grade in U shape, being higher in salinity 35 and the lowest in salinity 20 at 96h. With salinity changes, the serum osmolality ( ranged 222.5– 311.5 mOsmol·kg- 1 )to salinity of 15, 20 center showed symmetrical change, and it was the first post rise after a downward trend after salinity of 20.At the same salinity, the gills osmolality change showed the trend that was the first rise after a downward then gradually stabilized . Except the salinity of 5, 10, kideney osmolality had no significant change over time, maintain certain stability in other salinity group. It was concluded that Trachinotus ovatus could be characterized physiologically as a“higher NKA-in-hyperosmotic media”marine euryhaline teleost with the capability of rapid and effective balance and osmoregulation.
3、Effects of salinity on digestive enzyme activities and weight loss for hunger of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
The effects of salinity on three digestive enzyme activities of large-sized juvenile Trachinotus ovatus were investigated at salinity of 5, 15, 25, 30, 35 groups, with total length10.53±1.41 cm and body weight (15.01±2.46) g. Protease, amylase and lipase activities were measured and compared in four digestive organs, including intestine, pyloric caeca, stomach and liver. The results showed that under different salinities, the same distribution was in different digestive organs of protease, amylase and lipase activities, and activities in order were intestine, pyloric caeca, stomach, liver. With increasing salinity, in the stomach and liver protease activity increased first and then decreased, which at salinity of 25 group was significantly higher than at the other salinity groups (P﹤0.05); in the intestine and pyloric caeca protease activity decreased, which at salinity of 5,15 and 25 groups were obviously higher than at the salinity of 30 and 35 groups (P﹥0.05). In the stomach and liver the same trend existed in the amylase and protease activity, salinity of 25 group having the maximum activity was significantly higher than salinity of 5,30 and 35 groups (P﹤0.05); in the intestine and pyloric caeca decreased first and then began to rise in the salinity of 30.In the stomach, liver, pyloric caeca lipase activity increased first and then decreased, furthermore, the maximum activity at salinity of 30 groups and the minimum activity at salinity of 5 groups; in the intestine the activity had been increasing, furthermore, the maximum activity at salinity of 35groups (P< 0.05) and the minimum activity at salinity of 5 groups(P﹤0.05). .Salinity affected the weight loss rate for hunger of T.ovatus significantly. (F = 6.52> 5.99, df1 = 4, df2 = 10, P <0. 01).
4、Acute hypoxia stress on ovatus serum biochemical indexes
The present study deal with the influence of acute hypoxia stress on serum biochemical indices of Trachinotus ovatus in the environment. The results showed: after acute hypoxia stress for T.ovatus, ions content in serum compared with the control group increased to varying degrees, including potassium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen concentration compared with the control group, no significant differences (P> 0.05), sodium and chloride , calcium concentration were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group, and iron was greatly higher than control group(P< 0.01). There was great significant differences on serum protein, uric acid, creatinine(P< 0.01), and significant differences on total protein and total cholesterol, and no significant differences on glucose, triglyceride, albumin, globulin (P> 0.05) between control group and test group. Serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, isoenzyme, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels were not significantly different (P> 0.05) compared with the control group. Creatine kinase levels were greatly significantly higher (P< 0.01). Creatine kinase isoenzyme levels were significantly higher (P< 0.05). GGT was significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.05).
引文
[1]中国科学院动物研究所等主编.南海鱼类志.北京,科学出版社, 1962, 392-393.
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