爆破地震对充填体影响与控制技术研究
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摘要
爆破地震危害控制一直是工程爆破界研究的一项重要课题,如何有效控制其危害也是一项难题。对于采用充填工艺开采的矿山,间柱采场回采时,两帮充填体回采过程中保持稳定,是间柱采场安全回采的关键。有效控制爆破地震造成的充填体冒落,可以提高采场的安全性,降低采场贫化率,提高采场回采效率。针对该问题,提出爆破地震对充填体影响与控制技术研究课题。以室内试验与凡口铅锌矿和冬瓜山铜矿现场试验相结合的方式研究爆破地震对充填体的影响,并提出合理的回采顺序及边孔爆破控制技术。本文主要研究内容如下：
(1)分析了爆破地震对充填体影响的距离效应、段药量效应,实验研究了爆破地震波对不同龄期(3d、7d、28d)充填体的影响,得出间柱采场合理回采顺序及充填体的合理养护时间；
(2)对不耦合装药条件下爆破地震对充填体影响分析,为现场试验设计提供了理论依据；
(3)对井下爆破振动时频特征进行分析,探讨了不同不耦合系数装药条件下爆破振动参量特征；
(4)运用ANSYS LS/DYNA模拟边孔爆破对充填体的影响,得出边孔距充填体间柱的最佳距离与装药结构；
(5)运用动态应力比法结合现场爆破振动监测数据,分析爆破地震对地下工程的影响,得出充填体爆破振动动态应力安全判据。
The control of blasting vibration disaster has been the important research subject on the region of engineering blasting and it is difficult to control its disaster effectively. Towards to the pits using the back filling method, the controlling redients technique of backfill of the inter-pillar stopes has become the keypoint of inter-pillar stoping. To effectively control the caving of backfill spacer pillar while blasting could reduce the safety accidents and dilution rate of mining stopes if the mining stopes is unstable, and boost the efficiency of mining stopes stoping to a large extent. Against the issue, the technical research of influence and control of blasting seismic wave on backfill is proposed. The influence of blasting seismic wave on backfill was researched combined the ways of laboratory test and on-site test of Fankou、dongguashan, so the reasonable stoping order and control technique of furnace hole is presented. The following points are studied on the basis of the above research work:
(1) Analyze the influence of blasting seismic wave on backfill about distance effects and different dosages effects,the influence of blasting seismic wave on the different days(3d、7d、28d)'s backfill is analyzed to draw the conclusion of seasonable stoping order and the seasonable maintenance time of backfills while the backstopping of spacer pillar by experiments.
(2) Analyze the influence of blasting seismic wave on backfill is analyzed under the eccentric decouple charge blasting., which provides the theoretical evidence for the on-site test designation.
(3) The time-frequency characteristics of blasting vibration in the pit are analyzed and the characteristic parameters of different eccentric decouple charge blasting vibration are studied.
(4) ANSYS LS/DYNA is used to simulate the influence of furnace hole blasting on backfill to draw the conclusion of the optimal hole distance of the backfill and chamber charge structure.
(5)The method of dynamic stress ratio combined with the detected data of on-site blasting vibration is used to analyze the influence of blasting seismic wave on underground engineering so as to get the reasonable stoping order of inter-pillar stopes and dynamic backfill safety criterion.
(1)分析了爆破地震对充填体影响的距离效应、段药量效应,实验研究了爆破地震波对不同龄期(3d、7d、28d)充填体的影响,得出间柱采场合理回采顺序及充填体的合理养护时间；
(2)对不耦合装药条件下爆破地震对充填体影响分析,为现场试验设计提供了理论依据；
(3)对井下爆破振动时频特征进行分析,探讨了不同不耦合系数装药条件下爆破振动参量特征；
(4)运用ANSYS LS/DYNA模拟边孔爆破对充填体的影响,得出边孔距充填体间柱的最佳距离与装药结构；
(5)运用动态应力比法结合现场爆破振动监测数据,分析爆破地震对地下工程的影响,得出充填体爆破振动动态应力安全判据。
The control of blasting vibration disaster has been the important research subject on the region of engineering blasting and it is difficult to control its disaster effectively. Towards to the pits using the back filling method, the controlling redients technique of backfill of the inter-pillar stopes has become the keypoint of inter-pillar stoping. To effectively control the caving of backfill spacer pillar while blasting could reduce the safety accidents and dilution rate of mining stopes if the mining stopes is unstable, and boost the efficiency of mining stopes stoping to a large extent. Against the issue, the technical research of influence and control of blasting seismic wave on backfill is proposed. The influence of blasting seismic wave on backfill was researched combined the ways of laboratory test and on-site test of Fankou、dongguashan, so the reasonable stoping order and control technique of furnace hole is presented. The following points are studied on the basis of the above research work:
(1) Analyze the influence of blasting seismic wave on backfill about distance effects and different dosages effects,the influence of blasting seismic wave on the different days(3d、7d、28d)'s backfill is analyzed to draw the conclusion of seasonable stoping order and the seasonable maintenance time of backfills while the backstopping of spacer pillar by experiments.
(2) Analyze the influence of blasting seismic wave on backfill is analyzed under the eccentric decouple charge blasting., which provides the theoretical evidence for the on-site test designation.
(3) The time-frequency characteristics of blasting vibration in the pit are analyzed and the characteristic parameters of different eccentric decouple charge blasting vibration are studied.
(4) ANSYS LS/DYNA is used to simulate the influence of furnace hole blasting on backfill to draw the conclusion of the optimal hole distance of the backfill and chamber charge structure.
(5)The method of dynamic stress ratio combined with the detected data of on-site blasting vibration is used to analyze the influence of blasting seismic wave on underground engineering so as to get the reasonable stoping order of inter-pillar stopes and dynamic backfill safety criterion.
引文
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