加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊治疗抑郁症的临床和机制研究
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摘要
目的和意义:抑郁症是一种常见的情感性精神障碍,严重危害人类的身心健康,本课题从临床研究和实验研究两个方面观察加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊治疗抑郁症的临床疗效并探讨了加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊治疗抑郁症的作用机理,验证“从肝脑论治抑郁症”中医理论的科学性。进而为中医药防治抑郁症提供实验基础,为今后以活性评价为导向、从复方中定向、追踪分离具有抗抑郁作用的活性部位和活性成分,进而研制开发出新型低毒的纯中药抗抑郁制剂提供的科学依据,促进中医药防治抑郁症理论的发展和创新。
     研究方法:
     临床研究:观察了60例抑郁症病人,其中治疗组30例,氟西汀胶囊对照组30例,两组均以8周为1疗程,观察指标:1、安全性观察:一般体检项目、血、尿、便、肝、肾功能、心电图检查;2、不良反应观察;3、临床主诉及相关症状观察、汉密尔顿抑郁量表观察、抑郁自评量表观察、中医疗效标准观察。
     实验研究:清洁级健康成年雄性SD大鼠50只,体重(250±10)g,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常组、模型组、加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊低剂量组、加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊高剂量组、氟西汀组。随后分别按氟西汀组0.75mg/kg、加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊低剂量组1.8g/kg、加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊高剂量组3.6g/kg,各组均按1.0ml/100g体重给药,正常对照组和模型组按1.0ml/100g生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,每天应激前灌胃,采用大鼠抑郁动物模型为慢性轻度不可预见性的应激加单居模型,从造模第一天开始,至动物处死当天共21天。采用光镜观察海马病理学特征,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构变化;采用高效液相色谱仪电化学检测法检测大鼠模型下丘脑内多巴胺(DA)的代谢产物3、4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC);5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的含量变化,采用放射免疫分析法测定血清皮质醇(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β的变化。通过强迫游泳不动时间、糖水消耗量等方法评价大鼠模型行为学指标及体重变化;采用分子生物学技术研究加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊对大鼠模型下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)基因表达的影响。
     结果:
     临床研究:
     ①加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊治疗抑郁症总有效率为90.0%,对中医证候的改善率为96.67%,提示加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊在改善抑郁症患者症状方面疗效显著。
     ②治疗组、氟西汀组治疗2周后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)总分较治疗前明显降低,P<0.05,与治疗前相比有显著差异,说明治疗2周后治疗组与氟西汀组均显示出一定疗效,而治疗2周后两组HRSD总分组间比较P>0.05,显示在2周后两组疗效无显著差异。第4、6、8周两组HRSD总分仍呈下降趋势,在疗程结束后两组汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)评分组间比较,P<0.05,说明治疗结束时两组疗效差异显著,提示加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊改善抑郁症的效果明显,体现了中医药整体调节的优势。
     实验研究:
     ①造模后的动物在规定时间内水平活动和垂直活动次数均较正常组明显减少,体重增加减慢,糖水消耗量降低。而加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊治疗可显著增加动物的水平活动和垂直活动次数,提高抑郁大鼠的蔗糖偏嗜度,改善大鼠的抑郁状态。
     ②加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊高剂量组大鼠下丘脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量增加,而5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量降低,与模型组比较差别明显(p<0.05)。加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊高剂量组下丘脑内多巴胺(DA)含量降低,与模型组比较差别明显(p<0.05),3、4一二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)无明显变化,提示本方能提高脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量达到抗抑郁的作用,氟西汀组大鼠下丘脑内5-HT亦明显增高,与模型组比较差别明显(p<0.05),DA、DOPAC与模型组相比较低,差别明显(p<0.05)。而氟西汀组与高剂量组比较无明显差异(p>0.05),提示加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊在提高5-HT含量的功效上与氟西汀组无明显差异。
     ③模型组动物其血清皮质醇(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的水平显著高于正常组P<0.05,说明模型动物存在HPA轴的异常亢奋和高皮质醇血症;加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊高剂量组治疗后,能够显著降低大鼠血浆中CORT、ACTH的浓度,提示加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊可以拮抗应激导致的高皮质醇血症和行为学变化,具有抗抑郁的药理作用;模型组大鼠血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)含量明显高于正常组P<0.05,加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊组IL-1β含量接近正常组,与模型组大鼠血清中IL-1β含量相比明显减低P<0.05,说明加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊通过下调IL-1β,进而调整下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能,减轻抑郁症状。
     ④模型组大鼠下丘脑CRHmRNA的表达较空白组升高,有显著性差异P<0.05;加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊各剂量组和氟西汀组大鼠下丘脑CRH基因表达较模型组均有所下降,差异有显著性,P<0.05,加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊可能是通过下调慢性应激诱导的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)基因表达,抑制HPA轴功能亢进,达到抗抑郁作用。
     ⑤模型组大鼠海马区锥体细胞可见细胞固缩、核膜皱缩、线粒体肿胀,数量减少,核内、外空泡变性等表现,说明慢性应激导致海马区细胞形态结构受到损害,加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊高剂量组大鼠海马区细胞核形态规则,核膜完整,未见空泡变性,胞浆内Nissl物质比模型组丰富,损伤不明显,表明加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊能够减轻应激造成的海马神经元损伤,另发现部分细胞有凋亡小体形成,多集中在模型组,而加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊组凋亡小体比较少,说明加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊对慢性应激状态下导致的抑郁症大鼠脑损伤有保护作用。
     结论:初步阐明了加味丹栀逍遥散胶囊抗抑郁的作用机制和“从肝脑论治抑郁症”中医理论的科学内涵;证实该药对防治抑郁症有确切的疗效。
Objective
     Depression is a kind of mental disorder of emotional type, which severely harms people's body and mind.This program observed the curative effect of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule on depression from experimental and clinical study and investigated the mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule in treating depression. The program validated the scientific characteristics of TCM theory "treatment for depression according to the condition of liver and brain".
     Methods
     Clinical study: 60 patients (30 in the treatment group and 30 in the fluoxetine capsule group) were observed. A course of treatment for both groups is 8 weeks. Index: 1. safety observation: general physical examination, including blood, urine excrement, Hepatic function, renal function and electrocardiography. 2. adverse effect observation; 3. observation of chief complaints and correlated symptoms, observation of Hamilton's depression scale, observation of self-rating depressive scale and observation of TCM curative effect standard.
     Experimental study: 50 SD healthy male rats with the body weight from 240g to 260g were randomly divided into 5 groups, each having 10 rats. They were normal group, model group, low-dose group, high-dose group, and fluoxetine group. Then each group was administrated through intragastric perfusion daily with the rate of 1.0ml/100g according to their weight before stimulation: fluoxetine group with 0.75 mg/kg, low-dose group with 1.8g/kg, high-dose group with 3.6g/kg; normal group and model group with 1.0ml/100g of isotonic Na chloride. The whole course is 21 days from the first day of model making to the day of death, model rats with depression being adopted as chronic light stimulated model. The pathologic character of hippocampus was observed by light microscopic examination and the change of cell ultramicrostructure by transmission electron microscope. The content change of dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid was detected by high performance liquid chromatogram electrochemical detection and CORT of blood serum, ACTH and IL-1βwere detected by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the ethology index of model rats and the change of body weight by immovability time of forced swimming, rate of julep consumption, and so on. The influence of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan on expression of CRH gene in hypothalamus of model rats was detected by molecular biology technique.
     Results
     Clinical study:①The total effective rate of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule for depression was 90.0%, and the improvement rate for TCM syndrome was 96.67%. It suggested that Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule was effective in the improvement of the patients' symptoms.
     ②The total score of HRSD was significantly lower than that before the treatment in the treated group and control group after 2 weeks' treatment, there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). But at the end of the treatment course, there was significant difference between the treated group and the control group (p<0.05). It suggested that Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule was much more effective than the control group in the improvement of the patients' symptoms, which embodied the advantage of holistic regulation of TCM
     Experimental study:①The model rats had fewer times of activity, slower gain of body weight and less julep consumption compared with the normal group. The electronic needling therapy could significantly increase the number of times of activity, improve the sugar-addictive degree and rats' depressive state.
     ②There was an increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine and decrease in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and DA in hypothalamus in the high-dose-group (p<0.05). There was no marked change in DOPAC compared with the model group, which meant this prescription could improve the content of 5-HT in the brain. There was significant improvement in 5-HT in hypothalamus of fluoxetine group (p<0.05). There was no marked change between fluoxetine group and high-dose group (p>0.05).
     ③The blood CORT level and ACTH level of model group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. There was an abnormal excitement of HPA axle, and high corticosteroid in the blood of model rats. The blood CORT level and ACTH of rats was remarkably decreased after the treatment of high-dose group. Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule had pharmacologic action of curative effect on depression. The blood IL-1βlevel of model group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P<0.05). The blood IL-1β level of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule could decrease IL-1β, and adjust the function of HPA axle to cure depression.
     ④The expression of CRH mRNA of hypothalamus of model group was much higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05). The expression of CRH mRNA of each treated group was significantly lower than that of fluoxetine group, there was statistical significance (p<0.05). It may resist depression through reducing the expression of CRH mRNA.
     ⑤There were cell pyknosis, cytochondriome swelling and vascular degeneration etc. in model group. Hippocampus cell morphosis was damaged by chronic stimulation. Hippocampus cell morphosis was integral, and the damage is lesser in high-dose group. Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule could lighten the damage of neuron, and protect brain injury from chronic stringent state.
     Conclusions
     The experiment illuminates the mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan Capsule for depression and the scientific connotation of "treatment for depression according to the condition of liver and brain". It confirms that this drug has precise effect to prevent and cure depression.
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