我国银行保险经营模式研究
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摘要
随着金融竞争的加剧和金融一体化的推进,银行、保险、证券相互渗透和融合已成为一种世界潮流。其中,银行与保险的合作因其整合了两个行业的资源而具有的明显优势,发展最为迅速。在西方国家甚至出现了一个新的词汇—Bancassurance,即银行保险。它是在欧洲金融、税法和立法产生巨大变化的背景下产生的,自20世纪80年代从欧洲产生以来,在世界范围内获得了巨大的成功。
目前我国金融业实行严格的分业经营和分业管理。银行保险自1996年出现于中国,虽然发展迅速,但总体来说目前还处于协议合作为主、战略联盟为辅的初级阶段,这种松散合作方式已逐步暴露出很多问题。随着我国加入WTO,国内金融市场将进一步开放,外资金融机构不断涌入,国内金融业将面临前所未有的挑战。不可避免,我国金融业也会进入“混业”时代,银保合作必将向更深入层次发展。
本文正是基于这样的背景,通过对西方银保合作和国内银行保险业务现状深入探究,借鉴银行保险在国外的成功经验,探寻适合我国银保合作的经营模式。通过对国外银行保险的发展状况、经营模式及发展环境的分析比较,认为银行保险的发展与立法、经济、文化、金融市场环境以及税收等因素都有很大关系,而决定银行保险发展水平的则是银行保险经营模式。协议合作、股权合作以及金融集团化三种经营模式,其合作深度依次加深,三者各有适用的范围及利弊。而选择怎样的银行保险经营模式,需要依据其特定的经济、政策、监管和市场环境做出决定,是与金融融合的进程相契合和一致的。我国市场的开放、法律的松绑,经济环境的不断完善,都不是能够一蹴而就的,所以我国并不可能一夜之间从根本上改变现在的分业经营。金融控股集团模式的优势在于,能够使银行和保险公司在现有分业经营的法律框架内实现合业经营,获得混业经营的正面效应,是我国发展银行保险的最合适模式选择,也是我国最终向混业经营迈进的较好形式。同时基于我国现有的国情,我国银行和保险公司从浅层次的“银保合作”到“银保一体化”是个渐进的过程,应该有计划、有步骤、分阶段地进行,最终过渡到混业经营。最后文章提出了现阶段加快银行保险发展可采取的措施。
With the aggravation of competition and promotion of financial integration, the permeation and merger of the bank, insurance, securities had become the world trend. Among them, the cooperation between insurance and bank was fast because of its distinct advantages of joining the resources of both industries together。It produced under the background that finance, tax law and legislating produced enormous change in Europe. In the western countries, there even presented a new vocabulary ---Bancassurance. Bancassurance has turned out to be a great success, since it was originated in Europe in 1980’s。
According to relevant regulations, the financial field carried out separate management and separate supervision strictly in our country. Bancassurance has arisen in China since 1996, although developing swiftly, but the cooperation pattern of Chinese bancassurance is on the elementary stage. At present, agreement cooperation and strategic alliance is individually and the secondary pattern, and the loose cooperative pattern has revealed a lot of problems gradually. But as domestic financial market opens gradually after entering into WTO, more and more overseas financial companies have been entering our insurance field, domestic financial circles faced unprecedented challenges. Unavoidable, the financial circles of China will enter "mixing industry" era too, the cooperation of bank and Insurance Company will be developed too.
Under such background and through the introduction of western bancassurance and analyses the development of China, this thesis clarified that bancassurance was a realistic choice for bank and insurance-company under the trend of merging among financial industry. Besides, it tried to seek a concrete strategy and mode that suit China bancassurance development.By compared to that the developing status, management mode and environment of bancassurance abroad,the author thought that development of bancassurance all has very big something to do with laws and regulations , economy , social culture , financial market and tax revenue etc., but bank cooperated with the insurance company in close cooperative pattern is the key. The agreement cooperation mode, participate in stock right mode and the financial clique mode, third every have advantages and disadvantages. How to choose should be dependent on economic, policy, supervision and market environment. The opening of our country and improves and perfection of economy environment do not to be able to reach the goal in one step, our country may not change the separate management mode between one night. The financial holding company is the best collaboration option for China's insurers and banks at this stage. Based on the actual conditions of our country, the cooperation of bank with insurance company should have a step according to plan, go on by stages, arrive at integrative management ultimate. Final the author has been submitted some offer to accelerate the development of bancassurance.
目前我国金融业实行严格的分业经营和分业管理。银行保险自1996年出现于中国,虽然发展迅速,但总体来说目前还处于协议合作为主、战略联盟为辅的初级阶段,这种松散合作方式已逐步暴露出很多问题。随着我国加入WTO,国内金融市场将进一步开放,外资金融机构不断涌入,国内金融业将面临前所未有的挑战。不可避免,我国金融业也会进入“混业”时代,银保合作必将向更深入层次发展。
本文正是基于这样的背景,通过对西方银保合作和国内银行保险业务现状深入探究,借鉴银行保险在国外的成功经验,探寻适合我国银保合作的经营模式。通过对国外银行保险的发展状况、经营模式及发展环境的分析比较,认为银行保险的发展与立法、经济、文化、金融市场环境以及税收等因素都有很大关系,而决定银行保险发展水平的则是银行保险经营模式。协议合作、股权合作以及金融集团化三种经营模式,其合作深度依次加深,三者各有适用的范围及利弊。而选择怎样的银行保险经营模式,需要依据其特定的经济、政策、监管和市场环境做出决定,是与金融融合的进程相契合和一致的。我国市场的开放、法律的松绑,经济环境的不断完善,都不是能够一蹴而就的,所以我国并不可能一夜之间从根本上改变现在的分业经营。金融控股集团模式的优势在于,能够使银行和保险公司在现有分业经营的法律框架内实现合业经营,获得混业经营的正面效应,是我国发展银行保险的最合适模式选择,也是我国最终向混业经营迈进的较好形式。同时基于我国现有的国情,我国银行和保险公司从浅层次的“银保合作”到“银保一体化”是个渐进的过程,应该有计划、有步骤、分阶段地进行,最终过渡到混业经营。最后文章提出了现阶段加快银行保险发展可采取的措施。
With the aggravation of competition and promotion of financial integration, the permeation and merger of the bank, insurance, securities had become the world trend. Among them, the cooperation between insurance and bank was fast because of its distinct advantages of joining the resources of both industries together。It produced under the background that finance, tax law and legislating produced enormous change in Europe. In the western countries, there even presented a new vocabulary ---Bancassurance. Bancassurance has turned out to be a great success, since it was originated in Europe in 1980’s。
According to relevant regulations, the financial field carried out separate management and separate supervision strictly in our country. Bancassurance has arisen in China since 1996, although developing swiftly, but the cooperation pattern of Chinese bancassurance is on the elementary stage. At present, agreement cooperation and strategic alliance is individually and the secondary pattern, and the loose cooperative pattern has revealed a lot of problems gradually. But as domestic financial market opens gradually after entering into WTO, more and more overseas financial companies have been entering our insurance field, domestic financial circles faced unprecedented challenges. Unavoidable, the financial circles of China will enter "mixing industry" era too, the cooperation of bank and Insurance Company will be developed too.
Under such background and through the introduction of western bancassurance and analyses the development of China, this thesis clarified that bancassurance was a realistic choice for bank and insurance-company under the trend of merging among financial industry. Besides, it tried to seek a concrete strategy and mode that suit China bancassurance development.By compared to that the developing status, management mode and environment of bancassurance abroad,the author thought that development of bancassurance all has very big something to do with laws and regulations , economy , social culture , financial market and tax revenue etc., but bank cooperated with the insurance company in close cooperative pattern is the key. The agreement cooperation mode, participate in stock right mode and the financial clique mode, third every have advantages and disadvantages. How to choose should be dependent on economic, policy, supervision and market environment. The opening of our country and improves and perfection of economy environment do not to be able to reach the goal in one step, our country may not change the separate management mode between one night. The financial holding company is the best collaboration option for China's insurers and banks at this stage. Based on the actual conditions of our country, the cooperation of bank with insurance company should have a step according to plan, go on by stages, arrive at integrative management ultimate. Final the author has been submitted some offer to accelerate the development of bancassurance.
引文
[1] Lewis. The future of Financial Systems and Services, Macmillan,1990,Chapterl3
[2] Armstrong.Ed, Buse.P. You’ve got the green light , what’s it worth?,ABA(1996) Banking Journal, Vol.88, 13-18.
[3] 胡浩.银行保险.北京:中国金融出版社,2006,30-160
[4] 栾培强.西方银行保险的发展及其动因分析.国际金融研究,2000,(8):21-25
[5] 宋明岷,朱旭东.欧洲各国银行保险的比较研究及对中国的意义.金融研究,2000,(1):109-115
[6] 温燕.银行保险发展环境比较及我国银行保险业发展模式选择.金融论坛,2001,(6):17-31
[7] 彭雪梅.我国银行保险的比较研究及其模式设计.金融论坛,2001,(10):23-28
[8] Munich Re Group. Bancassurance in Practice,2001,2-4
[9] Michael D.White.A Comprehensive Guide to Bank Insurance. the National Underwriting Company,1998,XXV
[10] 张洪涛.银行保险.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005,1-36
[11] Swiss Re.Bancassurance:A Survev of Competition Between Banking and Insurance.Sigma, 1992,(2):4
[12] 小艾尔弗雷德.D.钱德勒.企业规模经济与范围经济:工业资本主义的原动力.张逸人等译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999,19
[13] 张文竞. 银行保险的经济学基础用其业务运做模式评析. 见:“竞争、合作与发展”保险理论研讨会论文集.济南:山东省保险学会,2005,35-37
[14] Saunder.A,Walter.I.Universal Banking in The United States.New York,Oxford University Press,1994
[15] 栾培强.西方银行保险的发展及其影响分析.新金融,2000,(8):30-32
[16] 阎彦明.金融多元化与范围经济.上海:上海社会科学出版社,2004,38
[17] 李扬.中国金融理论前沿 Ⅱ .北京:社会科学出版社,2001,51-455
[18] 李季,王宇.金融服务集团:新金融浪潮.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002 ,64-78
[19] 赵立航.欧洲银行保险的发展情况与经营管理,上海金融,2005,(3):56-57
[20] 宋雪枫.欧洲银行保险的经验及其对中国的启示.国际金融研究,2005,(10): 23-27
[21] 邓志清.香港汇丰集团银行保险的经验及其启示.国际金融研究,2006,(9): 61-67
[22] 朱文胜.银行保险的动因分析及其在我国的发展.保险研究,2003,(12):34-36
[23] Sutherland.P. Banking and insurance: an EC perspective. The Irish Banking Review,1990, Summer,13-15
[24] 尧金仁.银行保险—一种新的金融制度安排.北京:中国经济出版社,2003,30
[25] Dave McDaniel. Bancassurance Lessons from Abroad. Best Review,1996,(6): 23-31
[26] Swiss Re. Life&Health Bancassurance-A Guide to Effective Development Executive Summary,2001, 1-2
[27] Swiss Re. Sigma, Bancaasurance developments in Asia-Shifting into a High Gear, 2002,(7):12-13
[28] Bancassurance success varies in Europe. National Underwriter; Cincinnati; Apr 17, 2000; Lisa S Howard; Edition: Life & health/ financial ed;Volume: 103;Issue: 16, 24-25
[29] 小哈罗得斯凯博. 国际风险与保险—环境、管理分析.机械工业出版社, 1999
[30] 卫新江. 银行保险:基于国际经验的考察.国际金融研究, 2005,(4):37-44
[31] 鲁明易, 汤华. 银行保险的跨国比较与分析. 国际金融研究, 2006,(1):47-53
[32] 北京保险学会编. 中国保险前沿问题研究. 北京:中国金融出版社,2003,1-8
[33] 叶辅新.全能银行比较研究—兼论混业与分业经营.北京:中国金融出版社,2001,294-300
[34] 李洁.银行制度创新与全能银行发展.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003,366-369
[35] 宋胜军.银行代理销售保险的新模式银保通.中国城市金融,2003,(9):56-57
[36] 沈晶,刘洋.我国银保合作的现状及其深化.北方经贸,2004,(10):77-78
[37] 宋明岷.我国银行保险发展特点及其 SWOT 分析.金融研究,2005,(4):165-173
[38] 余金涛.国外银行保险发展经验及我国银行保险转型研究:[武汉大学工商管理(MBA)硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2005,41-42
[39] 保险公司营销渠道分析.中华学习网,2004-1
[40] 张迎利.我国银保发展模式选择.中国保险,2004,(5):28-31
[41] 张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.上海:上海人民出版社,2002,398-403
[42] 张强,曾宪冬.金融混业经营新趋势下设立监管防火墙的思考.金融研究,2003,(9):66-71
[43] 倪敏.银行保险机遇与挑战并存.新金融,2003,(6):26 -28
[44] 吴蓉.我国金融控股公司销售渠道的发展及整合研究:[中国人民银行金融学硕士学位论文].北京:中国人民银行,2005,15-17
[45] 王永生.金融控股集团的超前发展与滞后监管. 中国经济时报, 2003-9-26
[46] Anderson. Insurance and Banking.International and Comparative Law Quarterly,1997,(1) :67-71
[47] 肖文.我国银行保险发展模式研究:[浙江大学政治经济学硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2002,41-43
[48] 曹雪琴.银行保险持续发展的国际借鉴和我国对策——谈“银保型”金融控股公司的建设.新金融,2005,(7):28-34
[49] 李早航,周大勇.现代金融监管:市场化国际化进程的摸索.北京:中国金融出版社,1999,109-123
[50] 陆玉华,李永新.论我国银行保险的模式和发展对策— 从北京银行保险现状说起.保险研究,2004,(7):44-46
[51] 崔彬.我国银保合作势在必行.金融研究,2003,(1):5-6
[52] 曾浩.以产品创新推动银保合作向深层次发展.金融论坛,2003,(4):28-34
[53] 陈竹音.银行保险业务发展模式研究:[中国海洋大学金融学硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2004,44-45
[2] Armstrong.Ed, Buse.P. You’ve got the green light , what’s it worth?,ABA(1996) Banking Journal, Vol.88, 13-18.
[3] 胡浩.银行保险.北京:中国金融出版社,2006,30-160
[4] 栾培强.西方银行保险的发展及其动因分析.国际金融研究,2000,(8):21-25
[5] 宋明岷,朱旭东.欧洲各国银行保险的比较研究及对中国的意义.金融研究,2000,(1):109-115
[6] 温燕.银行保险发展环境比较及我国银行保险业发展模式选择.金融论坛,2001,(6):17-31
[7] 彭雪梅.我国银行保险的比较研究及其模式设计.金融论坛,2001,(10):23-28
[8] Munich Re Group. Bancassurance in Practice,2001,2-4
[9] Michael D.White.A Comprehensive Guide to Bank Insurance. the National Underwriting Company,1998,XXV
[10] 张洪涛.银行保险.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005,1-36
[11] Swiss Re.Bancassurance:A Survev of Competition Between Banking and Insurance.Sigma, 1992,(2):4
[12] 小艾尔弗雷德.D.钱德勒.企业规模经济与范围经济:工业资本主义的原动力.张逸人等译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999,19
[13] 张文竞. 银行保险的经济学基础用其业务运做模式评析. 见:“竞争、合作与发展”保险理论研讨会论文集.济南:山东省保险学会,2005,35-37
[14] Saunder.A,Walter.I.Universal Banking in The United States.New York,Oxford University Press,1994
[15] 栾培强.西方银行保险的发展及其影响分析.新金融,2000,(8):30-32
[16] 阎彦明.金融多元化与范围经济.上海:上海社会科学出版社,2004,38
[17] 李扬.中国金融理论前沿 Ⅱ .北京:社会科学出版社,2001,51-455
[18] 李季,王宇.金融服务集团:新金融浪潮.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002 ,64-78
[19] 赵立航.欧洲银行保险的发展情况与经营管理,上海金融,2005,(3):56-57
[20] 宋雪枫.欧洲银行保险的经验及其对中国的启示.国际金融研究,2005,(10): 23-27
[21] 邓志清.香港汇丰集团银行保险的经验及其启示.国际金融研究,2006,(9): 61-67
[22] 朱文胜.银行保险的动因分析及其在我国的发展.保险研究,2003,(12):34-36
[23] Sutherland.P. Banking and insurance: an EC perspective. The Irish Banking Review,1990, Summer,13-15
[24] 尧金仁.银行保险—一种新的金融制度安排.北京:中国经济出版社,2003,30
[25] Dave McDaniel. Bancassurance Lessons from Abroad. Best Review,1996,(6): 23-31
[26] Swiss Re. Life&Health Bancassurance-A Guide to Effective Development Executive Summary,2001, 1-2
[27] Swiss Re. Sigma, Bancaasurance developments in Asia-Shifting into a High Gear, 2002,(7):12-13
[28] Bancassurance success varies in Europe. National Underwriter; Cincinnati; Apr 17, 2000; Lisa S Howard; Edition: Life & health/ financial ed;Volume: 103;Issue: 16, 24-25
[29] 小哈罗得斯凯博. 国际风险与保险—环境、管理分析.机械工业出版社, 1999
[30] 卫新江. 银行保险:基于国际经验的考察.国际金融研究, 2005,(4):37-44
[31] 鲁明易, 汤华. 银行保险的跨国比较与分析. 国际金融研究, 2006,(1):47-53
[32] 北京保险学会编. 中国保险前沿问题研究. 北京:中国金融出版社,2003,1-8
[33] 叶辅新.全能银行比较研究—兼论混业与分业经营.北京:中国金融出版社,2001,294-300
[34] 李洁.银行制度创新与全能银行发展.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003,366-369
[35] 宋胜军.银行代理销售保险的新模式银保通.中国城市金融,2003,(9):56-57
[36] 沈晶,刘洋.我国银保合作的现状及其深化.北方经贸,2004,(10):77-78
[37] 宋明岷.我国银行保险发展特点及其 SWOT 分析.金融研究,2005,(4):165-173
[38] 余金涛.国外银行保险发展经验及我国银行保险转型研究:[武汉大学工商管理(MBA)硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2005,41-42
[39] 保险公司营销渠道分析.中华学习网,2004-1
[40] 张迎利.我国银保发展模式选择.中国保险,2004,(5):28-31
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