室内停车场智能指引系统设计
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摘要
近年来,社会经济发展迅速,城市中汽车的保有量越来越大,公共停车位相对缺乏的问题逐渐凸显。国内现阶段运营中的大部分停车场所采用的管理系统只是对车辆的停车时间进行管理,以实现自动计费和收费功能,而对于停车场车位的管理,大多采用人工管理方式,管理工作复杂、难度大,无法及时准确的统计停车场内空闲车位的数量及方位信息,管理人员无法对待停车辆进行有效的指引和调度。
针对停车场对车位检测、管理以及信息显示和车辆指引的要求和现有停车场系统布线复杂的问题,采用工业级ARM7微处理器并运用超声波测距技术进行车位状态检测,同时为防止气温变化引起的测量误差还对检测装置进行了温度补偿。此外采用ZigBee技术组建了无线Mesh网,完成了中控计算机与超声波车位探测器、信息显示屏之间的无线通信。
论文首先根据当前的应用和技术背景,以系统对硬件和软件的各项需求为对象进行了分析,详细介绍了各个硬件功能模块的构架和电路原理图设计,针对硬件模块具体分析了各模块的程序设计思想及其功能实现,另外设计了上位机管理软件。
最后,通过对各个模块的单独调试以及系统的联合调试,验证了本设计的可行性。本系统已在北方工业大学图书馆地下停车场进行了实地测试,在测试过程中对系统进行了进一步的完善,实现了对系统的各项功能要求,达到了预期的效果,具有良好的应用前景。
In recent years, with the development of social economy, cars are more and more popular in big cities. And the lack of public parking space has become obviously. At the present stage, the management system which adopted by most parking lots in China realize the function of automatic billing and charge just by managing the cars' parking time. For the management of parking space, however, most of them choose to use the artificial management method. The management work is complex and difficult. Besides, we can hardly count the number of available parking spaces and their positions.
For the parking space detection, the management of parking lots information display and the complicated wiring system, we put the industrial ARM7microprocessor and ultrasonic ranging technology into use. Meanwhile, to avoid measurement error caused by the changes of temperature, the temperature compensation is employed in the ultrasonic parking detectors. Besides, wireless mesh network was built through the technology of ZigBee. It achieved the wireless communication between central computer, ultrasonic parking detectors and imformation displays. Thus, the problem of the wiring complexity in existing systems is solved.
This thesis analyzes the requirements that the system needs for the hardware and the software according to the background of application and technology. Then it describes the frame of each functional module of hardware and the design of the circuit schematic. Except for that, it analyzes the software design flow of each module and its functional realization. And it designs the Manage software of upper machine.
Finally, by debugging different modules alone and together, the feasibility of this system is verified. The system has been field tested in the underground parking lot of NCUT's new library. In the testing process, the function of the system has been improved, the requirements for the system has been realized, the expected effects has been reached. The prospect of this system is very well.
针对停车场对车位检测、管理以及信息显示和车辆指引的要求和现有停车场系统布线复杂的问题,采用工业级ARM7微处理器并运用超声波测距技术进行车位状态检测,同时为防止气温变化引起的测量误差还对检测装置进行了温度补偿。此外采用ZigBee技术组建了无线Mesh网,完成了中控计算机与超声波车位探测器、信息显示屏之间的无线通信。
论文首先根据当前的应用和技术背景,以系统对硬件和软件的各项需求为对象进行了分析,详细介绍了各个硬件功能模块的构架和电路原理图设计,针对硬件模块具体分析了各模块的程序设计思想及其功能实现,另外设计了上位机管理软件。
最后,通过对各个模块的单独调试以及系统的联合调试,验证了本设计的可行性。本系统已在北方工业大学图书馆地下停车场进行了实地测试,在测试过程中对系统进行了进一步的完善,实现了对系统的各项功能要求,达到了预期的效果,具有良好的应用前景。
In recent years, with the development of social economy, cars are more and more popular in big cities. And the lack of public parking space has become obviously. At the present stage, the management system which adopted by most parking lots in China realize the function of automatic billing and charge just by managing the cars' parking time. For the management of parking space, however, most of them choose to use the artificial management method. The management work is complex and difficult. Besides, we can hardly count the number of available parking spaces and their positions.
For the parking space detection, the management of parking lots information display and the complicated wiring system, we put the industrial ARM7microprocessor and ultrasonic ranging technology into use. Meanwhile, to avoid measurement error caused by the changes of temperature, the temperature compensation is employed in the ultrasonic parking detectors. Besides, wireless mesh network was built through the technology of ZigBee. It achieved the wireless communication between central computer, ultrasonic parking detectors and imformation displays. Thus, the problem of the wiring complexity in existing systems is solved.
This thesis analyzes the requirements that the system needs for the hardware and the software according to the background of application and technology. Then it describes the frame of each functional module of hardware and the design of the circuit schematic. Except for that, it analyzes the software design flow of each module and its functional realization. And it designs the Manage software of upper machine.
Finally, by debugging different modules alone and together, the feasibility of this system is verified. The system has been field tested in the underground parking lot of NCUT's new library. In the testing process, the function of the system has been improved, the requirements for the system has been realized, the expected effects has been reached. The prospect of this system is very well.
引文
[1]华亮,堵俊,吴晓.新型高精度一体反射型超声波传感器测距系统研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2008,(04)：80-83.
[2]陈莉,陶正苏.环境监测无线传感器网络节点的设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2008,(10)：7-8,30.
[3]顾晗.基于PIC18F2580的CAN总线超声波测距智能节点设计[J].电子元器件应用,2009,(03)：27-30.
[4]易燕等译.(加)Ekram Hossain,(英)Kin K.Leung编著.无线Mesh网络架构与协议[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[5]曾庆钟,温志渝,陈伯胜.基于ARM的多点测温系统设计[J].现代电子技术,2007,(17)：127-129.
[6]孙雪峰.基于Mesh网络的无线抄表系统[D].济南：山东大学,2009.
[7]IEEE802.15.4-2003. Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)[S].2003.
[8]Men Long, Chwan-Hwa John Wu,Irwin, J.D. Localized Authentication for Wireless LAN Internetwork Roaming. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(R).2004:264-267.
[9]董晶,刘树东,戴学丰,绍林.基于P87C591的CAN总线超声测距系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2008,(11)：64-67.
[10]张晓明.基于Xbee Pro模块(?)(?)ZigBee/GPS/GPRS的智能公交系统设计[J].电子元器件应用,2009,(07)：14-18.
[11]李勇译.(土耳其)Erdal Caylrcl,(挪威)Chunming Rong编著.无线自组织网络和传感器网络安全[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2011.
[12]李钢,赵彦峰.1-Wire总线数字温度传感器DS18B20原理及应用[J].现代电子技术,2005,28(21)：77-79.
[13]孙立新.基于无线光纤混合传感网络的井下安全监控系统研究[D].太原：中北大学,2009.
[14]何宗虎,张德祥,张玲君.基于单片机的高精度温度测量系统设计[J].现代电子技术,2011,(09)：130-132.
[15]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[16]李虹,温秀梅,高振天.基于MSP430单片机和DS 18B20的小型测温系统[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(2)：137-138.
[17]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(二)[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[18]刘秋丽,蒋耘晨,杨明Zigbee技术无线传感器网络在天然气联合站中的应用[J].仪表技术与传感器,2007(01)：20-22.
[19]蒋婷,赵成林.紫峰技术及其应用[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[20]王成岭,陈一健,陈兆安.无线数据采集系统设计[J].机械工程与自动化,2007(6)：63-65.
[21]王汝传,孙力娟.无线传感器网络技术及其应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2011.
[22]李文仲,段朝玉ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[23]詹杰,石伟.基于Zigbee的智能公交无线通信网络的设计[J].现代电子技术,2007(10)：118-120.
[24]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌ZigBee技术及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[25]刘凯.ARM嵌入式接口技术应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.
[26]钟永锋,刘永俊ZigBee无线传感器网络[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2011.
[2]陈莉,陶正苏.环境监测无线传感器网络节点的设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2008,(10)：7-8,30.
[3]顾晗.基于PIC18F2580的CAN总线超声波测距智能节点设计[J].电子元器件应用,2009,(03)：27-30.
[4]易燕等译.(加)Ekram Hossain,(英)Kin K.Leung编著.无线Mesh网络架构与协议[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[5]曾庆钟,温志渝,陈伯胜.基于ARM的多点测温系统设计[J].现代电子技术,2007,(17)：127-129.
[6]孙雪峰.基于Mesh网络的无线抄表系统[D].济南：山东大学,2009.
[7]IEEE802.15.4-2003. Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)[S].2003.
[8]Men Long, Chwan-Hwa John Wu,Irwin, J.D. Localized Authentication for Wireless LAN Internetwork Roaming. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference(R).2004:264-267.
[9]董晶,刘树东,戴学丰,绍林.基于P87C591的CAN总线超声测距系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2008,(11)：64-67.
[10]张晓明.基于Xbee Pro模块(?)(?)ZigBee/GPS/GPRS的智能公交系统设计[J].电子元器件应用,2009,(07)：14-18.
[11]李勇译.(土耳其)Erdal Caylrcl,(挪威)Chunming Rong编著.无线自组织网络和传感器网络安全[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2011.
[12]李钢,赵彦峰.1-Wire总线数字温度传感器DS18B20原理及应用[J].现代电子技术,2005,28(21)：77-79.
[13]孙立新.基于无线光纤混合传感网络的井下安全监控系统研究[D].太原：中北大学,2009.
[14]何宗虎,张德祥,张玲君.基于单片机的高精度温度测量系统设计[J].现代电子技术,2011,(09)：130-132.
[15]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[16]李虹,温秀梅,高振天.基于MSP430单片机和DS 18B20的小型测温系统[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(2)：137-138.
[17]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(二)[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[18]刘秋丽,蒋耘晨,杨明Zigbee技术无线传感器网络在天然气联合站中的应用[J].仪表技术与传感器,2007(01)：20-22.
[19]蒋婷,赵成林.紫峰技术及其应用[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[20]王成岭,陈一健,陈兆安.无线数据采集系统设计[J].机械工程与自动化,2007(6)：63-65.
[21]王汝传,孙力娟.无线传感器网络技术及其应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2011.
[22]李文仲,段朝玉ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[23]詹杰,石伟.基于Zigbee的智能公交无线通信网络的设计[J].现代电子技术,2007(10)：118-120.
[24]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌ZigBee技术及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[25]刘凯.ARM嵌入式接口技术应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.
[26]钟永锋,刘永俊ZigBee无线传感器网络[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2011.