城市污水管网地理信息系统（GIS）设计与实现
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摘要
目前我国城市建设发展迅速，城市水体保护越来越受到重视，相应的污水处理设施也越来越完善，污水管网及其附属设施的信息量越来越大。在我国绝大多数城市仍采用手工管理的方法来管理城市地下管网(包括污水管网)，其弊端显而易见。为管理和应用越来越大的污水管网信息，建立一个完整、准确的污水管网GIS系统，提高污水管网管理的效率、质量和水平，是现代城市发展的要求。城市污水管网GIS系统是融计算机图形和数据于一体，储存和处理空间信息的高新技术，它把污水管网及其附属设施的地理空间信息和相关属性信息有机结合起来，根据实际需要准确、真实、图文并茂地输出给用户，以满足市政部门对污水系统运行、设计和信息查询的要求。
本系统选用国内的组件式地理信息系统软件——GeoMap与VB编程语言相结合，利用GIS的空间分析功能实现对污水管网系统信息的计算机管理和分析。系统主要包括五个模块：1．用户管理模块，2．排水管理模块，3．数据管理模块，4．查询统计模块，5．帮助模块。
用户管理模块主要用来管理使用系统的用户属性；排水管理模块主要是利用递归算法计算管段内最大流量、平均流量，一般的水质混合计算和各种专题图的输出(按水质各指标、按流量、管径等)；数据管理模块主要完成污水管网GIS系统数据库的建立、日常维护以及数据的输入、输出等功能；查询统计模块主要是对利用数据管理模块建立好的污水管网数据库进行信息管理，其主要功能有管网检索、查询、统计等基本功能。帮助模块是提供对系统操作过程中的帮助。
本系统以武汉沌口经济开发区污水管网为基础数据，探讨了有关城市污水管网管理信息系统(GIS)的设计和实现的方法。
With the rapid development of urban construction, the protection of water environment is more and more important and the waste water treatment establishment has been gradually completed. And it brings a lot of data of sewage pipe network and appurtenant works. It is very difficult to manage urban underground network (including the sewage pipe network) by handwork method. It is necessary for modernization city to establish a perfect, exact sewage pipe network GIS (Geographical Information System) to enhance management efficiency and quality of sewage pipe network. Urban sewage pipe network GIS is a new technology to store and manipulate spatial data, integrated with attribute data of sewage pipe network for conveying information to the public and government officials in an easy-to-use GUI (Graphical User Interface) to meet municipal planner's requirement to manage, design and query the sewage pipe network
Visual Basic and GeoMap which is a component GIS software developed by Wuhan GEO Information Science Ltd., are adopted to develop the sewage pipe network GIS, to carry out management and analysis dada of the system by computer in virtue of spatial analysis of GIS. It is divided five modules: I. User management module, II. Draining management module, III. Data management module, IV. Query statistics module, V. Help module.
The main function of user management module is to manage all the users. The function of draining management module is to calculate the pipe maximal flux and the average flux by recursion arithmetic and the mixed water quality count, to export kinds of special maps(according to water target, flux and pipe diameter). The function of database management module is for database establishment, database maintenance, data input, data export. The function of query and statistics module is to manager the database of drainage pipe network, which was established by database management module. It includes four parts: data input, data search, data query, data statistics. The function of help module is to offer help for the system users.
The thesis is based on the sewage pipe network of Wuhan Zhuankou Economical Development Zone, discussing how to design urban sewage pipe network GIS.
本系统选用国内的组件式地理信息系统软件——GeoMap与VB编程语言相结合，利用GIS的空间分析功能实现对污水管网系统信息的计算机管理和分析。系统主要包括五个模块：1．用户管理模块，2．排水管理模块，3．数据管理模块，4．查询统计模块，5．帮助模块。
用户管理模块主要用来管理使用系统的用户属性；排水管理模块主要是利用递归算法计算管段内最大流量、平均流量，一般的水质混合计算和各种专题图的输出(按水质各指标、按流量、管径等)；数据管理模块主要完成污水管网GIS系统数据库的建立、日常维护以及数据的输入、输出等功能；查询统计模块主要是对利用数据管理模块建立好的污水管网数据库进行信息管理，其主要功能有管网检索、查询、统计等基本功能。帮助模块是提供对系统操作过程中的帮助。
本系统以武汉沌口经济开发区污水管网为基础数据，探讨了有关城市污水管网管理信息系统(GIS)的设计和实现的方法。
With the rapid development of urban construction, the protection of water environment is more and more important and the waste water treatment establishment has been gradually completed. And it brings a lot of data of sewage pipe network and appurtenant works. It is very difficult to manage urban underground network (including the sewage pipe network) by handwork method. It is necessary for modernization city to establish a perfect, exact sewage pipe network GIS (Geographical Information System) to enhance management efficiency and quality of sewage pipe network. Urban sewage pipe network GIS is a new technology to store and manipulate spatial data, integrated with attribute data of sewage pipe network for conveying information to the public and government officials in an easy-to-use GUI (Graphical User Interface) to meet municipal planner's requirement to manage, design and query the sewage pipe network
Visual Basic and GeoMap which is a component GIS software developed by Wuhan GEO Information Science Ltd., are adopted to develop the sewage pipe network GIS, to carry out management and analysis dada of the system by computer in virtue of spatial analysis of GIS. It is divided five modules: I. User management module, II. Draining management module, III. Data management module, IV. Query statistics module, V. Help module.
The main function of user management module is to manage all the users. The function of draining management module is to calculate the pipe maximal flux and the average flux by recursion arithmetic and the mixed water quality count, to export kinds of special maps(according to water target, flux and pipe diameter). The function of database management module is for database establishment, database maintenance, data input, data export. The function of query and statistics module is to manager the database of drainage pipe network, which was established by database management module. It includes four parts: data input, data search, data query, data statistics. The function of help module is to offer help for the system users.
The thesis is based on the sewage pipe network of Wuhan Zhuankou Economical Development Zone, discussing how to design urban sewage pipe network GIS.
引文
[1] 赵新华等 城市排水管网信息GIS管理系统设计．中国给水排水，2002．Vol．18
[2] 李德仁，龚健雅等．地理信息系统导论．北京：测绘出版社，1993
[3] Richard Green, et. al., GIS-based Approach to Sever System Design, Journal of Surveying Engeering, 1999
[4] 孟令奎，边馥苓，刘玉贤．GIS环境下污水管网设计流量的快速计算．武汉测绘科技大学学报1997．3 Vol．22
[5] 张保钢．城市综合地理信息系统的研制及在北京地下管网图形数据库系统中的应用．北京测绘 1996 No．4
[6] 庞丽萍等．软件开发基础——面向对象技术与操作系统虚拟机．北京：高等教育出版社． 1999
[7] John D. Musa. Software Reliability Engineering. 北京：机械工业出版社. 2003. 5
[8] 郝力等 城市地理信息系统及应用．北京：电子工业出版社 2002．7
[9] GeoStar、GeoMap用户参考手册．武汉：武汉吉奥信息工程技术有限公司
[10] 邬伦 刘瑜等 地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用．北京：科学出版社 2002．3
[11] 边馥苓主编．地理信息系统原理和方法．测绘出版社．1993
[12] 邬伦，张晶等．城市地理信息系统．北京：电子工业出版社 2002．7
[13] 吴信才等．地理信息系统设计与实现 北京：电子工业出版社 2002．3
[14] 周勇，刘凡等 湖泊水环境预测的原理与方法．长江流域资源与环境Vol．8 No．3 Aug．1999
[15] 林侃 地理信息系统在水环境功能区工作中的应用．福建环境 2003．20(4)：27～28
[16] 何强 龙腾锐 夏志祥 水污染控制系统规划方法研究．重庆建筑大学学报Vol．21 No．6Dec．1999
[17] 张毅，刘瑜等．水环境空间信息管理系统的设计和实现．地理学与国土研究 Vol．16No．4 Nov．2000
[18] 李旭祥 GIS在环境科学与工程中的应用．北京：电子工业出版社 2003．1
[19] James R. Cennistrs. Converting utility data for a GIS, Journal AWWA. Vol. 91. No. 2, 1999
[20] 徐贞元等．中国省级环境决策支持系统得系统分析，环境科学研究．Vol．10，No．5，1997
[21] 陈文颖．环境智能决策支持系统．上海环境科学．Vol．17，No．7，1998
[22] 过孝民．环境决策与信息支持．环境科学研究．Vol．10，No．5，1997
[23] 彭志良等．环境管理决策支持系统得研究．环境科学．Vol．17，No．5，1996
[24] 傅国伟等．水质管理信息系统分析．中国环境科学出版社．1995
[25] 韦鹤平．环境系统工程．同济大学出版社．1993
[26] W. S. Michael. et. al. Geographic Information Systems, Water Environment Research. Vo169, NO4, 1997
[27] J. Gorres, J. G. Arthur, Incorporating Spatial Variability into GIS to Estimate Nitrate Leaching at the Aquifer Scale, Journal of Environment Quality, No. 25, 1996
[28] R. Lai, Editor 2nd edition. Soil erosion research methods,. Soil and Water Conservation Society. 1994
[29] 贺缠生等．非点源污染得管理及控制．环境科学．Vol．19，No．5，1998
[30] Mike broten. Et. al, An Automated GIS Ground Water Contamination Investigation, ESRI Library, 1990
[31] 王宁等．应用GIS与USLE结合进行松花湖流域非点源污染物量化研究．21世纪水资源管理学术会议．重庆．2000．9
[32] 李爱中等 数据库系统原理 北京：机械工业出版社 1998．1
[33] 周之英 现代软件工程 北京：科学出版社 1999．9
[34] 张毅 邬伦等 水环境空间信息管理系统的设计和实现．北京大学城市与环境学系
[35] 杨育武，庄迎春等．城市地理信息系统及其总体设计．世界地质2002．3 Vol．21 No．1
[36] Ted Coombs Jon Campbell著Visual Basic编程实用大全．北京：中国水利水电出版社．2002．5
[37] 姚巍编著．Visual Basic数据库开发及工程实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[38] 张自杰等．排水工程(下册，第三版)．中国建筑工业出版社．1995．6
[39] 钟毅 边馥苓 GIS用户界面的设计原则和实现方法．武测科技 1996 No．4
[40] 郭士权，白静．利用GIS技术开发给水管网信息系统．城市管理与科技 2001 Vol．3
[41] 关键技术分析与难点攻克 GIS数学模型．中国地理信息网
[42] Laurent Chicot & Andre Mollon. Success Factors to Implement a GIS. Water Supply--Review Journal of the International Water Association Torino, Italy 20-21 May 1999
[43] Francisco Cubillo Gonzalez & Francisco Javier Fernandez Delgado. Managing Anomalies and Customer Care with a GIS. Water Supply—Review Journal of the International Water Association Torino, Italy 20～21 May 1999
[44] Kang Fengxin & Yuan Xilong GIS APPLICATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN SHANGDONG PROVINCE, CHINA. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[45] Ken Granger GEOHAZARDS RISK TO URBAN COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[46] Michael N. DeMers Fundamentals of Geographic information systems. New Mexico State University 127-157, 431～463
[47] S. McCorley. GIS Application at Bergen Water. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[48] Tuomo Heinonen Use of GIS at Helsinki Water. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[49] T. Aramakl R. Sugimoto K. Hanaki and T. matsuo Evaluation of appropriate system for reclaimed wastewater reuse in each area of Tokyo using GIS-based water balance model. Water Science and Technology Vol. 43 No. 5 2001
[50] J. LI A GIS planning model for urban oil spill management. Water Science and Technology Vol. 43 No. 5 2001
[51] L. Serafino. GIS Application to Support Customers Information Service. CCOP Technical Bulletin. June 2001 Vol. 30
[2] 李德仁，龚健雅等．地理信息系统导论．北京：测绘出版社，1993
[3] Richard Green, et. al., GIS-based Approach to Sever System Design, Journal of Surveying Engeering, 1999
[4] 孟令奎，边馥苓，刘玉贤．GIS环境下污水管网设计流量的快速计算．武汉测绘科技大学学报1997．3 Vol．22
[5] 张保钢．城市综合地理信息系统的研制及在北京地下管网图形数据库系统中的应用．北京测绘 1996 No．4
[6] 庞丽萍等．软件开发基础——面向对象技术与操作系统虚拟机．北京：高等教育出版社． 1999
[7] John D. Musa. Software Reliability Engineering. 北京：机械工业出版社. 2003. 5
[8] 郝力等 城市地理信息系统及应用．北京：电子工业出版社 2002．7
[9] GeoStar、GeoMap用户参考手册．武汉：武汉吉奥信息工程技术有限公司
[10] 邬伦 刘瑜等 地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用．北京：科学出版社 2002．3
[11] 边馥苓主编．地理信息系统原理和方法．测绘出版社．1993
[12] 邬伦，张晶等．城市地理信息系统．北京：电子工业出版社 2002．7
[13] 吴信才等．地理信息系统设计与实现 北京：电子工业出版社 2002．3
[14] 周勇，刘凡等 湖泊水环境预测的原理与方法．长江流域资源与环境Vol．8 No．3 Aug．1999
[15] 林侃 地理信息系统在水环境功能区工作中的应用．福建环境 2003．20(4)：27～28
[16] 何强 龙腾锐 夏志祥 水污染控制系统规划方法研究．重庆建筑大学学报Vol．21 No．6Dec．1999
[17] 张毅，刘瑜等．水环境空间信息管理系统的设计和实现．地理学与国土研究 Vol．16No．4 Nov．2000
[18] 李旭祥 GIS在环境科学与工程中的应用．北京：电子工业出版社 2003．1
[19] James R. Cennistrs. Converting utility data for a GIS, Journal AWWA. Vol. 91. No. 2, 1999
[20] 徐贞元等．中国省级环境决策支持系统得系统分析，环境科学研究．Vol．10，No．5，1997
[21] 陈文颖．环境智能决策支持系统．上海环境科学．Vol．17，No．7，1998
[22] 过孝民．环境决策与信息支持．环境科学研究．Vol．10，No．5，1997
[23] 彭志良等．环境管理决策支持系统得研究．环境科学．Vol．17，No．5，1996
[24] 傅国伟等．水质管理信息系统分析．中国环境科学出版社．1995
[25] 韦鹤平．环境系统工程．同济大学出版社．1993
[26] W. S. Michael. et. al. Geographic Information Systems, Water Environment Research. Vo169, NO4, 1997
[27] J. Gorres, J. G. Arthur, Incorporating Spatial Variability into GIS to Estimate Nitrate Leaching at the Aquifer Scale, Journal of Environment Quality, No. 25, 1996
[28] R. Lai, Editor 2nd edition. Soil erosion research methods,. Soil and Water Conservation Society. 1994
[29] 贺缠生等．非点源污染得管理及控制．环境科学．Vol．19，No．5，1998
[30] Mike broten. Et. al, An Automated GIS Ground Water Contamination Investigation, ESRI Library, 1990
[31] 王宁等．应用GIS与USLE结合进行松花湖流域非点源污染物量化研究．21世纪水资源管理学术会议．重庆．2000．9
[32] 李爱中等 数据库系统原理 北京：机械工业出版社 1998．1
[33] 周之英 现代软件工程 北京：科学出版社 1999．9
[34] 张毅 邬伦等 水环境空间信息管理系统的设计和实现．北京大学城市与环境学系
[35] 杨育武，庄迎春等．城市地理信息系统及其总体设计．世界地质2002．3 Vol．21 No．1
[36] Ted Coombs Jon Campbell著Visual Basic编程实用大全．北京：中国水利水电出版社．2002．5
[37] 姚巍编著．Visual Basic数据库开发及工程实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[38] 张自杰等．排水工程(下册，第三版)．中国建筑工业出版社．1995．6
[39] 钟毅 边馥苓 GIS用户界面的设计原则和实现方法．武测科技 1996 No．4
[40] 郭士权，白静．利用GIS技术开发给水管网信息系统．城市管理与科技 2001 Vol．3
[41] 关键技术分析与难点攻克 GIS数学模型．中国地理信息网
[42] Laurent Chicot & Andre Mollon. Success Factors to Implement a GIS. Water Supply--Review Journal of the International Water Association Torino, Italy 20-21 May 1999
[43] Francisco Cubillo Gonzalez & Francisco Javier Fernandez Delgado. Managing Anomalies and Customer Care with a GIS. Water Supply—Review Journal of the International Water Association Torino, Italy 20～21 May 1999
[44] Kang Fengxin & Yuan Xilong GIS APPLICATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN SHANGDONG PROVINCE, CHINA. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[45] Ken Granger GEOHAZARDS RISK TO URBAN COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[46] Michael N. DeMers Fundamentals of Geographic information systems. New Mexico State University 127-157, 431～463
[47] S. McCorley. GIS Application at Bergen Water. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[48] Tuomo Heinonen Use of GIS at Helsinki Water. CCOP Technical Bulletin June 2001 Vol. 30
[49] T. Aramakl R. Sugimoto K. Hanaki and T. matsuo Evaluation of appropriate system for reclaimed wastewater reuse in each area of Tokyo using GIS-based water balance model. Water Science and Technology Vol. 43 No. 5 2001
[50] J. LI A GIS planning model for urban oil spill management. Water Science and Technology Vol. 43 No. 5 2001
[51] L. Serafino. GIS Application to Support Customers Information Service. CCOP Technical Bulletin. June 2001 Vol. 30