基于GIS的马鞍山长江段突发性水污染预警系统研究
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摘要
突发性水污染以爆发突然、蔓延迅速等特点而广受社会关注,而政府环境监管部门由于缺乏有效的突发性污染预警监测手段,而陷入束手无策的境地,因此,建立突发性水污染预警支持系统意义重大。本课题以创建马鞍山长江段突发性水污染预警系统为目标,对地理信息系统理论、水环境模型理论、数据库理论等相关知识进行了系统的研究。论文主要研究了以下几个方面的内容：
基于突发性水污染特点,通过对突发性水污染预警软件系统的建设目标、功能特点的综合分析,确定了系统开发的技术路线,即以水质数学模型作为理论基础,以MATLAB作为模型求解工具,结合ArcEngine地理信息系统二次开发控件,在Visual studio.NET环境中开发马鞍山长江段突发性水污染模拟预测系统,同时,建立基于Access的突发性水污染预警支持系统数据库,作为突发性水污染预警系统的数据支持。
研究了河流一维和二维水质模型,介绍了其解析解的编程求解方法。在MATLAB Guide中实现基于一维和二维模型解析解的用户交互界面,并将结果在直角坐标系中进行动态静态可视化研究。针对污染物扩散解析解在直角坐标系中可视化效果不够直观的缺点,通过坐标系转换及等值线渲染等操作,尝试将二维污染物扩散模型的计算结果在GIS AxmapControl控件中进行可视化研究。
创建突发性水污染预警支持系统数据库,数据库记录了基础地理信息、基础环境信息、属性数据信息等决策支持信息,并创建数据库管理界面,实现数据的添加、删除、修改等操作。
Sudden water pollution accidents accumulated great attention of the society for the characteristics of bursting suddenly and spreading fast. The government environmental protection department was always in a dilemma because of lacking effective predicting and monitoring methods while sudden water pollution accidents happen. So the establishment of sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system is of great significance. In order to establish a sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system in ma'anshan part of changjiang river, several correlative theories were studied systemically in this paper which includes geography information system theory, water environment mathematical model theory and database theory. What we studied mainly in this paper is as follows.
Through comprehensive analysis of the aim of establishing sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system and its functional features which based on the characteristics of sudden water pollution accidents, technical route of developing this system was confirmed. Using water environment mathematical model as theoretical basis and MATLAB software as tool to solve the mathematical models, sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system was developed with ArcEngine components in Visual Studio 2008.NET software developing environment. At the same time, a database was built with Access2003 software to provide decision support information.
1-dimension and 2-dimension water environment mathematical models and its analytic solutions were introduced. Interactive user interfaces based on 1-dimension and 2-dimension water environment mathematical model analytic solutions were designed with the help of MATLAB Guide and the analytic solutions were visualized dynamically and statically in a rectangular coordinate system. Considering the disadvantages of analytic solutions visualization performance in a rectangular coordinate system, we tried to achieve visualization in a GIS AxmapControl control by means of changing coordinate system and drawing isopleths.
A database was created including fundamental geography information, fundamental environment information and attribute information which was used for simulating and predicting sudden water pollution accidents. A database management system was also developed and connected to the database to complete adding, deleting, and altering all this information.
基于突发性水污染特点,通过对突发性水污染预警软件系统的建设目标、功能特点的综合分析,确定了系统开发的技术路线,即以水质数学模型作为理论基础,以MATLAB作为模型求解工具,结合ArcEngine地理信息系统二次开发控件,在Visual studio.NET环境中开发马鞍山长江段突发性水污染模拟预测系统,同时,建立基于Access的突发性水污染预警支持系统数据库,作为突发性水污染预警系统的数据支持。
研究了河流一维和二维水质模型,介绍了其解析解的编程求解方法。在MATLAB Guide中实现基于一维和二维模型解析解的用户交互界面,并将结果在直角坐标系中进行动态静态可视化研究。针对污染物扩散解析解在直角坐标系中可视化效果不够直观的缺点,通过坐标系转换及等值线渲染等操作,尝试将二维污染物扩散模型的计算结果在GIS AxmapControl控件中进行可视化研究。
创建突发性水污染预警支持系统数据库,数据库记录了基础地理信息、基础环境信息、属性数据信息等决策支持信息,并创建数据库管理界面,实现数据的添加、删除、修改等操作。
Sudden water pollution accidents accumulated great attention of the society for the characteristics of bursting suddenly and spreading fast. The government environmental protection department was always in a dilemma because of lacking effective predicting and monitoring methods while sudden water pollution accidents happen. So the establishment of sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system is of great significance. In order to establish a sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system in ma'anshan part of changjiang river, several correlative theories were studied systemically in this paper which includes geography information system theory, water environment mathematical model theory and database theory. What we studied mainly in this paper is as follows.
Through comprehensive analysis of the aim of establishing sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system and its functional features which based on the characteristics of sudden water pollution accidents, technical route of developing this system was confirmed. Using water environment mathematical model as theoretical basis and MATLAB software as tool to solve the mathematical models, sudden water pollution accidents simulating and predicting system was developed with ArcEngine components in Visual Studio 2008.NET software developing environment. At the same time, a database was built with Access2003 software to provide decision support information.
1-dimension and 2-dimension water environment mathematical models and its analytic solutions were introduced. Interactive user interfaces based on 1-dimension and 2-dimension water environment mathematical model analytic solutions were designed with the help of MATLAB Guide and the analytic solutions were visualized dynamically and statically in a rectangular coordinate system. Considering the disadvantages of analytic solutions visualization performance in a rectangular coordinate system, we tried to achieve visualization in a GIS AxmapControl control by means of changing coordinate system and drawing isopleths.
A database was created including fundamental geography information, fundamental environment information and attribute information which was used for simulating and predicting sudden water pollution accidents. A database management system was also developed and connected to the database to complete adding, deleting, and altering all this information.
引文
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[7]秦洪鑫.城市自来水管网管理信息系统：[硕士学位论文].北京.北京航空航天大学,2004
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[9]窦明,李重荣,王陶.汉江水质预警系统研究[J].人民长江.2005,11(33)：38-40
[10]张子凡,任建武,郝元.基于组件的南京环境污染事故应急监测地理信息系统[J].环境监测管理与技术.2002,4(14)：18-20
[11]张龙,李定邦.基于组合GIS的化工企业泄露事故应急救援系统的研究[J].化学世界.2005,10(12)：32-36
[12]陈维皓.海上溢油应急决策支持系统的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文].上海.上海海事大学,2006
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[15]杨海林,杨顺生.河流综合水质模型QUAL2E在河流水质模拟中的应用[J].云南环境科学,2003,22(2)：22-25
[16]DiToro D M,sifitzpatrick J J.Cocumentation for water Quality Analysis Simulation Program(WASP) and Model Verification Program(MVP)[C].Duluth,MN:US Environmental Protection Agency,1983:1-10
[17]陈美丹,姚琪,徐爱兰.WASP水质模型及其研究进展[J].水利科技与经济,2006,12(7)：420-426
[18]孙颖,陈肇和.河流及水库水质模型与通用软件综述[J].水资源保护,2001,64(2)：7-11
[19]王云,周华.地理信息系统与环境管理[J].城市环境与城市生态,1998,9(11)：59-61
[20]Water Quality Management System at Mok-hyun Stream Watershed Using GIS[DB/OL]. http://www.gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc99/proceed/papers/pap773/pap773.htm.2005-01-25
[21]Developing a GIS based integrated approach to flood management in Trinidad,West Indies[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007(6):1-10
[22]Bildstein O,Vancon JP.Development of a Propagation Model to Detemine the Speed of Accidental Pollution in the Rivers[J],Wat.sci.tech.1994,29(3):181-188
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[24]何洪学,王晓玲,周明涛等.新编Visual Basic 6.0教程.北京：北京科海电子出版社.2002
[25]曾伟民,邓勇刚.Visual Basic6.0高级实用教程.北京：电子工业出版社.1999
[26]李德仁,龚健雅,边馨苓.地理信息系统导论.北京：测绘出版社.1993
[27]陈彭述,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论.北京：科学出版社.1999
[28]王家耀.空间信息系统原理.北京：科学出版社.2001
[29]陈俊,宫鹏.实用地理信息系统.北京：科学出版社.1996
[30]Scott Crosier,Bob Booth,Katy Dalton,Andy Mitchell.ArcGIS 基础教程.ESRI Press.1999
[31]蒋波涛.Arcobjects开发基础与技巧-基于Visual Basic.NET.武汉：武汉大学出版社.2006
[32]兰小机,刘德儿.Arcobjects GIS应用开发-基于C#.NET.南昌.江西大学出版社.2006
[33]ArcGIS Engine Developer Guide.ESRI Press,2004
[34]陈龚和.数据库基础与ACCESS应用教程.高等教育出版社.2008
[35]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论.北京：高等教育出版社.2000
[36]吴权威,王绪溢.Access2003应用基础教程.北京：中国铁道出版社.2004
[37]陈杰.Matlab宝典.北京：电子工业出版社.2006
[38]李显宏.MATLAB7.x界面设计与编译技巧.北京：电子工业出版社.2006
[39]冯民权,郑邦民,周孝德.水环境模拟与预测.北京：科学出版社.2008
[40]高延耀.水污染控制工程(第三版).北京：高等教育出版社.2007
[41]彭泽洲,杨天行等.水环境数学模型及其应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2007
[42]马蔚纯,张超.基于GIS的水质数值模拟[J].地理学报,1999,24(5)：42-44
[43]马逸尘,梅立泉,王阿霞.偏微分方程现代数值解法.北京：科学出版社.2006
[44]邓方宝,姜丽红,吴连发.MATLAB在科学计算可视化中的应用[J].上饶师范学院学报,2002,3(22)：65-68
[45]冯民权,郑邦民,周孝德.水环境模拟与预测.北京：科学出版社.2008
[2]崔伟中,刘晨.关于建立重大突发性水污染事件应急处理机制的研究[J].人民长江.2005,(5)：1-4
[3]张旺,万军.国际河流重大突发性水污染事故处理方案分析[J].水利水电技术.2007,1(19)：17-20
[4]温丽敏.重大事故应急疏散研究：硕士学位论文.沈阳：东北大学,2000
[5]曾德飞.城市污水管网地理信息系统(GIS)设计与实现：硕士学位论文.武汉：武汉理工大学,2004
[6]黄荣鎭.南京市水土保持GIS研制及其在规划中的应用：博士学位论文.南京：南京林业大学,2005
[7]秦洪鑫.城市自来水管网管理信息系统：[硕士学位论文].北京.北京航空航天大学,2004
[8]徐贵新.基于GIS的水资源评价信息管理系统研究：[硕士学位论文].郑州.华北水利水电学院,2005
[9]窦明,李重荣,王陶.汉江水质预警系统研究[J].人民长江.2005,11(33)：38-40
[10]张子凡,任建武,郝元.基于组件的南京环境污染事故应急监测地理信息系统[J].环境监测管理与技术.2002,4(14)：18-20
[11]张龙,李定邦.基于组合GIS的化工企业泄露事故应急救援系统的研究[J].化学世界.2005,10(12)：32-36
[12]陈维皓.海上溢油应急决策支持系统的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文].上海.上海海事大学,2006
[13]傅国伟.河流水质数学模型及其模拟计算[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1987,69-70
[14]徐祖信,廖振良.水质数学模型研究的发展阶段与空间层次[J].上海环境科学,2003.22(2)：79-85
[15]杨海林,杨顺生.河流综合水质模型QUAL2E在河流水质模拟中的应用[J].云南环境科学,2003,22(2)：22-25
[16]DiToro D M,sifitzpatrick J J.Cocumentation for water Quality Analysis Simulation Program(WASP) and Model Verification Program(MVP)[C].Duluth,MN:US Environmental Protection Agency,1983:1-10
[17]陈美丹,姚琪,徐爱兰.WASP水质模型及其研究进展[J].水利科技与经济,2006,12(7)：420-426
[18]孙颖,陈肇和.河流及水库水质模型与通用软件综述[J].水资源保护,2001,64(2)：7-11
[19]王云,周华.地理信息系统与环境管理[J].城市环境与城市生态,1998,9(11)：59-61
[20]Water Quality Management System at Mok-hyun Stream Watershed Using GIS[DB/OL]. http://www.gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc99/proceed/papers/pap773/pap773.htm.2005-01-25
[21]Developing a GIS based integrated approach to flood management in Trinidad,West Indies[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007(6):1-10
[22]Bildstein O,Vancon JP.Development of a Propagation Model to Detemine the Speed of Accidental Pollution in the Rivers[J],Wat.sci.tech.1994,29(3):181-188
[23]Water Reaource Associates Ltd,Aquator-Water Resource System Simulation[EB/OL], http://www.wra.com,May,2001
[24]何洪学,王晓玲,周明涛等.新编Visual Basic 6.0教程.北京：北京科海电子出版社.2002
[25]曾伟民,邓勇刚.Visual Basic6.0高级实用教程.北京：电子工业出版社.1999
[26]李德仁,龚健雅,边馨苓.地理信息系统导论.北京：测绘出版社.1993
[27]陈彭述,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论.北京：科学出版社.1999
[28]王家耀.空间信息系统原理.北京：科学出版社.2001
[29]陈俊,宫鹏.实用地理信息系统.北京：科学出版社.1996
[30]Scott Crosier,Bob Booth,Katy Dalton,Andy Mitchell.ArcGIS 基础教程.ESRI Press.1999
[31]蒋波涛.Arcobjects开发基础与技巧-基于Visual Basic.NET.武汉：武汉大学出版社.2006
[32]兰小机,刘德儿.Arcobjects GIS应用开发-基于C#.NET.南昌.江西大学出版社.2006
[33]ArcGIS Engine Developer Guide.ESRI Press,2004
[34]陈龚和.数据库基础与ACCESS应用教程.高等教育出版社.2008
[35]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论.北京：高等教育出版社.2000
[36]吴权威,王绪溢.Access2003应用基础教程.北京：中国铁道出版社.2004
[37]陈杰.Matlab宝典.北京：电子工业出版社.2006
[38]李显宏.MATLAB7.x界面设计与编译技巧.北京：电子工业出版社.2006
[39]冯民权,郑邦民,周孝德.水环境模拟与预测.北京：科学出版社.2008
[40]高延耀.水污染控制工程(第三版).北京：高等教育出版社.2007
[41]彭泽洲,杨天行等.水环境数学模型及其应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2007
[42]马蔚纯,张超.基于GIS的水质数值模拟[J].地理学报,1999,24(5)：42-44
[43]马逸尘,梅立泉,王阿霞.偏微分方程现代数值解法.北京：科学出版社.2006
[44]邓方宝,姜丽红,吴连发.MATLAB在科学计算可视化中的应用[J].上饶师范学院学报,2002,3(22)：65-68
[45]冯民权,郑邦民,周孝德.水环境模拟与预测.北京：科学出版社.2008