气举系统效率评价方法研究
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摘要
气举采油是一系统性很强的人工举升方式。气举系统是由压缩机组、配气管网、气举井、集输管网四部分串联组成的一个封闭系统。通过对上述四部分的效率评价方法研究，分别建立了相应的数学模型，利用文东油田气举系统数据对模型进行了检验，统计分析了气举系统效率的影响因素，从而提出提高气举系统效率的措施，达到降低能耗、提高效率、降低采油成本的目的；同时也为优化气举系统设计与气举系统的科学管理提供理论基础。
本文在气举系统效率的理论方面完成了以下主要研究工作：
1．建立了气举系统效率方法评价研究的监测数据库；
2．建立了以生产井为核心的气举系统效率评价模型；分别对压缩机组、配气管网(从压缩机组至气举井)、气举井、集输管线(从气举井至计量站)进行了效率评价方法研究，并建立了相关模型；
3．提出了气举井工况与经济效益相结合的气举井效率控制图，为气举井的科学管理提供了技术依据；
4．利用Visual Basic语言自行研制了气举系统效率测试软件，对整个气举系统进行剖析，为优化气举系统与其科学管理提供理论基础。
本文以文东油田的气举系统为例，应用自行研制的软件，对气举系统效率评价模型进行了检验，统计分析了各子系统效率及能耗效率；并重点分析了气举井效率的影响因素，如注气量、注入气液比、注入压力等，利用气举井控制图对文东油田现有气举井进行了分析，对各区的典型气举井进行了详细分析。在此基础上，提出了提高气举系统效率的途径。
Gas lift is a kind of artificial lifts that has very strong systematization. The gas-lift system is comprised of gas-lift pumping plant, gas distribution network, gas-lift well, and pipeline between gas-lift well and metering station. By research of calculating the method of efficiency of the above four parts, the corresponding mathematical model is established and verified by the test data from Wendong filed. Then the statistic analysis about the factor influencing of the efficiency of gas-lift system is made. Some measures are provided to improve the efficiency of gas-lift system. As a result, the energy of injection gas is saved; the efficiency is improved; the cost of oil production is cut down. Meanwhile this study also offers the theoretical base of optimizing gas-lift design and managing gas-lift well.
In this paper, the main achievements in the aspect of efficiency of gas-lift system are as fllowing:
1. The database is established to monitor the efficiency of gas-lift system.
2. Mathematical model is established to compute the efficiency of gas-lift system that is centralized on gas-lift well. And the related mathematical models are established based on the research works about the efficiency of gas-lift pumping plant, gas distribution network, gas-lift well, pipeline (between gas-lift well and metering station).
3. By combining the status of gas-lift well with economic benefit, the control chart of gas-lift well efficiency is presented, which supplies the technical support for the scientific management of gas-lift well.
4. The software of testing the efficiency of gas-lift system is programmed in Visual Basic language. By anatomizing gas-lift system, the theorical base is given for gas-lift system optimism and management.
Computation on the test data from Wendong field with the self-organized calculation software indicates that the proposed model performs well. The efficiency and energy consumption of the four parts are analyzed by statistics. What is more, the factors that affect the efficiency of gas-lift well are analyzed such as injection gas volume, injection gas/liquid ratio, injection pressure etc. Gas-lift wells in the Wendong filed are analyzed through the control chart of gas-lift well efficiency, and the typical gas-lift well of each distinct is
scrutinized as well in detail. Therefore, some measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of gas-lift system.
本文在气举系统效率的理论方面完成了以下主要研究工作：
1．建立了气举系统效率方法评价研究的监测数据库；
2．建立了以生产井为核心的气举系统效率评价模型；分别对压缩机组、配气管网(从压缩机组至气举井)、气举井、集输管线(从气举井至计量站)进行了效率评价方法研究，并建立了相关模型；
3．提出了气举井工况与经济效益相结合的气举井效率控制图，为气举井的科学管理提供了技术依据；
4．利用Visual Basic语言自行研制了气举系统效率测试软件，对整个气举系统进行剖析，为优化气举系统与其科学管理提供理论基础。
本文以文东油田的气举系统为例，应用自行研制的软件，对气举系统效率评价模型进行了检验，统计分析了各子系统效率及能耗效率；并重点分析了气举井效率的影响因素，如注气量、注入气液比、注入压力等，利用气举井控制图对文东油田现有气举井进行了分析，对各区的典型气举井进行了详细分析。在此基础上，提出了提高气举系统效率的途径。
Gas lift is a kind of artificial lifts that has very strong systematization. The gas-lift system is comprised of gas-lift pumping plant, gas distribution network, gas-lift well, and pipeline between gas-lift well and metering station. By research of calculating the method of efficiency of the above four parts, the corresponding mathematical model is established and verified by the test data from Wendong filed. Then the statistic analysis about the factor influencing of the efficiency of gas-lift system is made. Some measures are provided to improve the efficiency of gas-lift system. As a result, the energy of injection gas is saved; the efficiency is improved; the cost of oil production is cut down. Meanwhile this study also offers the theoretical base of optimizing gas-lift design and managing gas-lift well.
In this paper, the main achievements in the aspect of efficiency of gas-lift system are as fllowing:
1. The database is established to monitor the efficiency of gas-lift system.
2. Mathematical model is established to compute the efficiency of gas-lift system that is centralized on gas-lift well. And the related mathematical models are established based on the research works about the efficiency of gas-lift pumping plant, gas distribution network, gas-lift well, pipeline (between gas-lift well and metering station).
3. By combining the status of gas-lift well with economic benefit, the control chart of gas-lift well efficiency is presented, which supplies the technical support for the scientific management of gas-lift well.
4. The software of testing the efficiency of gas-lift system is programmed in Visual Basic language. By anatomizing gas-lift system, the theorical base is given for gas-lift system optimism and management.
Computation on the test data from Wendong field with the self-organized calculation software indicates that the proposed model performs well. The efficiency and energy consumption of the four parts are analyzed by statistics. What is more, the factors that affect the efficiency of gas-lift well are analyzed such as injection gas volume, injection gas/liquid ratio, injection pressure etc. Gas-lift wells in the Wendong filed are analyzed through the control chart of gas-lift well efficiency, and the typical gas-lift well of each distinct is
scrutinized as well in detail. Therefore, some measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of gas-lift system.
引文
[1] Duns,H.Jr., and Ros,N.C,J. Vertical Flow of Gas and Liqued Mixtures in Wells. Proc. Sixth World Pet Cong,Frankfurt, 1963
[2] Hagedorn,A.R., and Brown K.E. Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Confinous Two Phase Flow In Small Diameter Vertical Conduits. JPT, April 1965
[3] Orkiszewski,J. Predicting Two Phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe. JPT, June 1967
[4] Aziz, K., et al. Pressure Drop In Wells Prodcting Oil and Gas. JPT, July-Augest 1972
[5] Beggs,H.D., and Brill,J.P. A Study of Two Phase Flow In Inclined Pipes. JPT, May 1993
[6] Chierice,G.L., et al. Two-Phase in Vertical Flow in Oil Wells-Prediction of Pressure Drop. JPT, Augest 1974
[7] Duckler, A.E., Taitel. Flow Regime Transitions for Vertical Upward Gas Liquid Flow:A Preliminary Approach Through Physical Modeling. Progress Report No. 1.University of Houston 1976
[8] Hasan, A.R. and Kabir, C.S. A Study of Mulfiphase Flow Behavior in Vertical Oil Wells: Part Ⅰ-Theoretical Treatment. SPE 15138
[9] Hasan, A.R. and Kabir, C.S. A Study of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Vertical Oil Wells: Part Ⅱ-Field application. SPE 15139
[10] Selection of Artificial Lift Method. SPE10337
[11] John Wiley & Sons, Nature Gas Production Engineering, Inc, 1984
[12] Gibbs W C. compress Air and Gas Data. N. J. Ingersoll-Rand Compang. 1971
[13] H. Dale Beggs Production Optimiziation Using NODAL~(TM) Analysis,OGCI publication Oil & Gas Consultants International Inc, Tulsa
[14] SY5265—1996
[15] 郁永章主编．容积式压缩机技术手册．机械工业出版社．2000．10
[16] 郁永章．活塞式压缩机．机械工业出版社，1982
[17] 韩申、边耀璋主编．发动机原理．人民交通出版社．1988．6
[18] 蒋琪等译．石油及天然气的开采和输送．石油工业出版社．1990
[19] 江茂泽、徐羽镗、王寿喜、曾自强等．输配气管网的模拟与分析石油工业出版社．1995
[20] 四川石油管理局川西南矿区，西南石油学院．威远气田低压井连续气举排水采气技术研究报告．1997．12
[21] 陈家琅，陈涛平，魏兆胜．抽油机井的气液两相流动．石油工业出版社，1994
[22] 朱云祖等译．深井机械采油技术．石油工业出版社，1992
[23] 四川石油管理局钻采工艺研究所编译．气举手册(上)(下)．1986
[24] K.E.布朗主编．升举法采油工艺：卷二，卷四．石油工业出版社，1987
[25] 杨继盛．采气工艺基础．石油工业出版社，1992
[26] 杨继盛，刘建仪．采气实用计算．石油工业出版社，1994
[27] 崔振华，余国安，安锦高、邬亦炯等著．有杆抽油系统，石油工业出版社，1994
[28] 李长俊等著，天然气管道输送．石油工业出版社，2000
[29] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义著，数值分析，华中理工大学出版社，1986
[30] 俞佐平，陆煜著，传热学，高等教育出版社，1993．9
[31] 杨川东主编，采气工程．石油工业出版社，1997．8
[32] 曾庆恒主编，采气工程．石油工业出版社，1999．8
[33] 张钧主编，海上采油工程手册．石油工业出版社，2001．6
[34] SY/T 5059-91，抽油泵，石油行业标准，1991．11．20
[2] Hagedorn,A.R., and Brown K.E. Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Confinous Two Phase Flow In Small Diameter Vertical Conduits. JPT, April 1965
[3] Orkiszewski,J. Predicting Two Phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe. JPT, June 1967
[4] Aziz, K., et al. Pressure Drop In Wells Prodcting Oil and Gas. JPT, July-Augest 1972
[5] Beggs,H.D., and Brill,J.P. A Study of Two Phase Flow In Inclined Pipes. JPT, May 1993
[6] Chierice,G.L., et al. Two-Phase in Vertical Flow in Oil Wells-Prediction of Pressure Drop. JPT, Augest 1974
[7] Duckler, A.E., Taitel. Flow Regime Transitions for Vertical Upward Gas Liquid Flow:A Preliminary Approach Through Physical Modeling. Progress Report No. 1.University of Houston 1976
[8] Hasan, A.R. and Kabir, C.S. A Study of Mulfiphase Flow Behavior in Vertical Oil Wells: Part Ⅰ-Theoretical Treatment. SPE 15138
[9] Hasan, A.R. and Kabir, C.S. A Study of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Vertical Oil Wells: Part Ⅱ-Field application. SPE 15139
[10] Selection of Artificial Lift Method. SPE10337
[11] John Wiley & Sons, Nature Gas Production Engineering, Inc, 1984
[12] Gibbs W C. compress Air and Gas Data. N. J. Ingersoll-Rand Compang. 1971
[13] H. Dale Beggs Production Optimiziation Using NODAL~(TM) Analysis,OGCI publication Oil & Gas Consultants International Inc, Tulsa
[14] SY5265—1996
[15] 郁永章主编．容积式压缩机技术手册．机械工业出版社．2000．10
[16] 郁永章．活塞式压缩机．机械工业出版社，1982
[17] 韩申、边耀璋主编．发动机原理．人民交通出版社．1988．6
[18] 蒋琪等译．石油及天然气的开采和输送．石油工业出版社．1990
[19] 江茂泽、徐羽镗、王寿喜、曾自强等．输配气管网的模拟与分析石油工业出版社．1995
[20] 四川石油管理局川西南矿区，西南石油学院．威远气田低压井连续气举排水采气技术研究报告．1997．12
[21] 陈家琅，陈涛平，魏兆胜．抽油机井的气液两相流动．石油工业出版社，1994
[22] 朱云祖等译．深井机械采油技术．石油工业出版社，1992
[23] 四川石油管理局钻采工艺研究所编译．气举手册(上)(下)．1986
[24] K.E.布朗主编．升举法采油工艺：卷二，卷四．石油工业出版社，1987
[25] 杨继盛．采气工艺基础．石油工业出版社，1992
[26] 杨继盛，刘建仪．采气实用计算．石油工业出版社，1994
[27] 崔振华，余国安，安锦高、邬亦炯等著．有杆抽油系统，石油工业出版社，1994
[28] 李长俊等著，天然气管道输送．石油工业出版社，2000
[29] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义著，数值分析，华中理工大学出版社，1986
[30] 俞佐平，陆煜著，传热学，高等教育出版社，1993．9
[31] 杨川东主编，采气工程．石油工业出版社，1997．8
[32] 曾庆恒主编，采气工程．石油工业出版社，1999．8
[33] 张钧主编，海上采油工程手册．石油工业出版社，2001．6
[34] SY/T 5059-91，抽油泵，石油行业标准，1991．11．20