高层建筑电梯群控调度算法研究
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摘要
随着社会的发展,高层建筑逐渐成为城市景观的同时,也带来了一系列安全问题,其中最主要的就是高层建筑如何应对火灾等紧急情况的威胁。高层建筑一旦发生火灾,人员疏散是一个棘手的问题。因此高层建筑电梯的应急疏散作用也必将纳入电梯群控系统之中。
将模糊控制技术应用于电梯群控系统中,就电梯群控系统的关键问题,包括高层建筑电梯正常工作及应急疏散两种工作状态下乘客交通流模式的识别以及调度策略进行了研究。简要介绍了电梯控制技术的发展,国内外对电梯群控系统研究的现状及存在的问题,高层建筑的应急疏散系统的研究与发展。详细剖析了描述客流特征的交通变量,将大楼交通构成及客流交通强度作为交通模式模糊推理的输入变量,建立了识别客流交通模式的规则库;对电梯的两种工作状态进行了分析,提出了针对高层建筑群控系统两种工作模式的总体结构;分析了传统电梯调度算法及其评价函数在描述电梯群控目标中存在不准确性、不完备性等问题,构建了更加合理评价电梯调度目标的综合评价函数,将平均候梯时间少、平均乘梯时间少、能耗少、长时间候梯率低四个重要目标的加权平均值作为评价函数,并根据不同的交通模式调整加权系数,实现不同交通模式下电梯群的优化控制;对该四个控制目标的模糊推理的具体实现,包括输入变量的选取、变量的计算、变量的模糊化及各目标模糊推理规则库的建立,进行了详细的分析研究;结合应急疏散的特点,提出了高层建筑应急疏散固定分区与模糊优化相结合的调度算法,对疏散方式及疏散调度策略进行了研究。
利用MATLAB的面向对象编程技术,对所设计的模糊电梯群控系统的群控调度算法进行了仿真。仿真结果证明,同传统的集选控制系统相比,基于模糊控制技术的电梯群控系统的平均乘梯时间、平均候梯时间、长时间候梯率以及电梯能耗都有了明显的降低,充分说明了基于模糊控制技术的群控算法的有效性和可行性。
Along with society's development, the high-rise construction becomes the urban landscape at the same time, also has brought a series of security problem, How and most main is the high-rise construction to deal with the fire and so on emergency case the threat. Once the high-rise construction has the fire, the personnel dispersal is a thorny question. Therefore the high-rise construction elevator's emergency dispersal function will also will certainly to integrate in the elevator group control system.
The fuzzy control technique was applied to elevator group control, and the research was made on these key problems includeing, elevators normal working and emergency evacuation working ,identifying the passenger's transportation pattern and the algorithm of elevator group controls, The paper introduced the development of fuzzy elevator group -control system and the domestic and overseas study actuality briefly. The paper also analyzes the research and development of high-rise construction emergency evacuation system. The paper analysises the traffic ariableness described traffic characters, and then the traffic componemt and the traffic intensity are regarded as the input variableness of fuzzy reasoning. The fuzzy reasoning rules identifying traffic patterns was summaried. Analysises the two state of Elevator working and two working model of the whole structure; The paper analyzes detailedly traditional attempering algorithm that is short of the veracity and the maturity etc, then a more reasonable new evaluation function is built up. The weight average of the most important four evaluation targets, including the low average waiting time, the low long-time waiting percent, the low riding-power consume, the low average riding time act as the evaluation function. The paper makes a detailed study on realizing the fuzzy reasing of these four control targets, including the choice of input variety, the input variety calculation, the choice of member function, and the fuzzy rule table etc. Emergency evacuation , A dispatching method combining static division and multi-objective optimization algorithm based on fuzzy control is proposed.And the high-rise construction emergency evacuation characteristics as well as the algorithm design are presend.
MATLAB using the object-oriented programming technology, designed by Fuzzy Elevator Group Control System group control algorithm for the simulation, The simulation result of the fuzzy elevator group control syetem shows evident decrease on the average waiting time, the long-time waiting percent, the riding-power consume, the average riding time compared to traditional centralizing-select control system.It show great superior and feasibility for fuzzy elevator group control system.
将模糊控制技术应用于电梯群控系统中,就电梯群控系统的关键问题,包括高层建筑电梯正常工作及应急疏散两种工作状态下乘客交通流模式的识别以及调度策略进行了研究。简要介绍了电梯控制技术的发展,国内外对电梯群控系统研究的现状及存在的问题,高层建筑的应急疏散系统的研究与发展。详细剖析了描述客流特征的交通变量,将大楼交通构成及客流交通强度作为交通模式模糊推理的输入变量,建立了识别客流交通模式的规则库;对电梯的两种工作状态进行了分析,提出了针对高层建筑群控系统两种工作模式的总体结构;分析了传统电梯调度算法及其评价函数在描述电梯群控目标中存在不准确性、不完备性等问题,构建了更加合理评价电梯调度目标的综合评价函数,将平均候梯时间少、平均乘梯时间少、能耗少、长时间候梯率低四个重要目标的加权平均值作为评价函数,并根据不同的交通模式调整加权系数,实现不同交通模式下电梯群的优化控制;对该四个控制目标的模糊推理的具体实现,包括输入变量的选取、变量的计算、变量的模糊化及各目标模糊推理规则库的建立,进行了详细的分析研究;结合应急疏散的特点,提出了高层建筑应急疏散固定分区与模糊优化相结合的调度算法,对疏散方式及疏散调度策略进行了研究。
利用MATLAB的面向对象编程技术,对所设计的模糊电梯群控系统的群控调度算法进行了仿真。仿真结果证明,同传统的集选控制系统相比,基于模糊控制技术的电梯群控系统的平均乘梯时间、平均候梯时间、长时间候梯率以及电梯能耗都有了明显的降低,充分说明了基于模糊控制技术的群控算法的有效性和可行性。
Along with society's development, the high-rise construction becomes the urban landscape at the same time, also has brought a series of security problem, How and most main is the high-rise construction to deal with the fire and so on emergency case the threat. Once the high-rise construction has the fire, the personnel dispersal is a thorny question. Therefore the high-rise construction elevator's emergency dispersal function will also will certainly to integrate in the elevator group control system.
The fuzzy control technique was applied to elevator group control, and the research was made on these key problems includeing, elevators normal working and emergency evacuation working ,identifying the passenger's transportation pattern and the algorithm of elevator group controls, The paper introduced the development of fuzzy elevator group -control system and the domestic and overseas study actuality briefly. The paper also analyzes the research and development of high-rise construction emergency evacuation system. The paper analysises the traffic ariableness described traffic characters, and then the traffic componemt and the traffic intensity are regarded as the input variableness of fuzzy reasoning. The fuzzy reasoning rules identifying traffic patterns was summaried. Analysises the two state of Elevator working and two working model of the whole structure; The paper analyzes detailedly traditional attempering algorithm that is short of the veracity and the maturity etc, then a more reasonable new evaluation function is built up. The weight average of the most important four evaluation targets, including the low average waiting time, the low long-time waiting percent, the low riding-power consume, the low average riding time act as the evaluation function. The paper makes a detailed study on realizing the fuzzy reasing of these four control targets, including the choice of input variety, the input variety calculation, the choice of member function, and the fuzzy rule table etc. Emergency evacuation , A dispatching method combining static division and multi-objective optimization algorithm based on fuzzy control is proposed.And the high-rise construction emergency evacuation characteristics as well as the algorithm design are presend.
MATLAB using the object-oriented programming technology, designed by Fuzzy Elevator Group Control System group control algorithm for the simulation, The simulation result of the fuzzy elevator group control syetem shows evident decrease on the average waiting time, the long-time waiting percent, the riding-power consume, the average riding time compared to traditional centralizing-select control system.It show great superior and feasibility for fuzzy elevator group control system.
引文
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[5]王国萍.多目标优化电梯群控算法:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[6]朱德文,付国江.电梯群控技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.15-20
[7]朱晓东,曾庆山.基于PLC的电梯最小等候时间的集选控制算法.起重运输机械,2006(6):38-40
[8]郑延军,张惠侨,叶庆泰,等.电梯动态分区算法及其遗传进化研究.计算机工程与应用,2001,21:142-148
[9]宗群,牙淑红,王振世.基于排队论的上高峰电梯群控调度的研究.系统工程与电子技术,2003,25(6):722-725
[10]王兴成,杨冬梅.基于统计近似的电梯群控系统的智能算法.系统仿真学报,2001,13(8):99-101
[11]王国萍,朱明富,雷科.多目标的电梯群控系统算法分析.控制理论与应用,2005,24(3):6-8
[12]吴宗泽,武自芳.基于PROFIBUS的多目标规划电梯群控算法.电气传动,2003,(3):40-43
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