沥青混合料离析及其对路面结构均匀性的影响
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摘要
路面早期损坏的一个重要原因是路面结构的不均匀性,而造成路面结构不均匀性的主要原因是沥青混合料的离析(以下简称:离析)。减少和消除离析,对提高路面工程质量,改善路面结构均匀性和耐久性,延长路面使用寿命,降低工程寿命周期内的维护成本等,都有着重要的理论意义和工程价值。本文以室内模型试验和试验检测为主要手段,在离析影响因素识别分析、离析机理分析、离析对路面结构均匀性的影响分析以及离析控制措施等方面开展了全面的研究工作,主要研究工作和创新成果包括:
(1)首次将管理学和运筹学等方面的理论和方法运用于影响离析的关键因素识别。研究表明:在路面施工过程的复杂系统中,影响离析的关键因素包括拌制过程中的集料质量变异大和集料装载与计量控制不准确,施工过程中摊铺机操作人员的技艺水平不高和摊铺碾压设备的优选组合不当,以及温度离析中的碾压温度偏低与碾压时间不合理等。
(2)从颗粒在不同施工阶段的物理力学特性研究着手,分析了颗粒在不同阶段的受力和运动状况,进一步深入分析了离析的机理。研究表明:在路面施工中沥青混合料的装卸、水平运输和传送、螺旋布料等阶段,粗骨料颗粒受到的水平惯性力、离心力及自身重力大,产生的动能大,而细骨料受到的水平惯性力、离心力及自身重力小,产生的动能小,导致粗骨料颗粒容易产生离析。
(3)通过室内试验,研究了混合料级配离析对路面性能的影响。提出了以现行规范为基础、与马歇尔试验指标相关的离析控制指标。通过马歇尔实验,分别分析了级配离析的油石比变化、集料离析、矿粉离析对各项马歇尔指标的影响。研究表明:饱和度对级配离析的变化最为敏感,其次是空隙率,由此表明离析是路面结构水破坏的根源。
(4)通过室内试验,研究了温度离析对路面结构均匀性的影响。通过温度对混合料马歇尔试验各项技术指标的影响关系,提出了结合规范规定的温度离析控制指标。研究表明,成型温度越高,越容易满足规范各项指标的要求;成型温度过低,就难以满足规范要求。因此,在温度离析控制方面,提出了在控制温差的同时,须设定最低控制温度的依据和指标。
(5)开发了一种评价集料离析的试验装置,通过室内模型模拟试验,对级配离析进行室内模拟。提出了以级配离析测量装置的前后料仓混合料级配累计通过率之差为级配离析的评价指标,定义为“可离析度”。研究表明,“可离析度”是一个能很好表征混合料级配离析程度的指标,也是在混合料摊铺前能很好检验和表征混合料级配离析可能性程度的指标。
(6)针对识别的影响离析的主要因素,分析探讨了离析的防控措施。研究表明:采取控制集料最大粒径、合理选择油石比、严格碎石加工和料场管理、控制集料计量、使用混合料转运车和活底运输车等技术措施,可以有效控制离析的产生。同时,采用动态优化管理办法,针对关键因素制定防控措施,离析问题能够得到有效地控制。
Segregation in the Hot-Mixed Asphalt (HMA) causes inferior homogeneity of pavement structure which is a key contributor to the early pavement damage. It has very obvious theoretical sense and engineering value in aspects of improving pavement quality, bettering pavement homogeneity and duribility, lasting pavement service life and minimizing the life cycle cost. This dissertation has made a thorough study in fields of causes and mechanism of segregation, impact of segregation on pavement homogeneity and its countermeasures. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) This paper pioneered the introduction of systematic and management methods to identify main contributive factors to segregation. It is proven by the research that in the complicated system of construction process, the obvious causes of segregation are inclusive of large verity of aggregate mass and insufficient precision of loading and quantitifying in mixture batching, unsophisticated paver operator and rolling equipment not well matched, comparatively low rolling temperature and unreasonable rolling time etc.
( 2 ) Based on the analysis of aggregate movement and its structural characteristics in variant work stage, this paper analysized the aggregate’s movement and structural status and studied further the segregation mechanism. The research reveals that during pavement construction and in the loading, transporting and transferring and spirally distributing process, the coarse aggregate has larger horizontal inertia force, centrifugal force and gravity and consequently it has larger momentum, while the fine aggregate has much smaller above said mechanical indexes, this difference leads to segregation.
(3) The indoor test has shown the graduation segregation impact on the pavement characteristics. A criterion of segregation control based on the current specification and related to the Marshall Test is proposed. The Marshall Test has revealed the variation of oil-aggregate ratio induced by the segregation and its impact on Marshall Index. The research has indicated that the saturation is very sensitive to the segregation variation and secondly to the air-void ratio, this means that segregation is the fundamental source of pavement water damage.
(4)The indoor test has studied the temperature segregation impact on the pavement on the pavement homogeneity. Via corelationship of temperature with various Marshall Indices, this paper posed the temperature segregation allowance responding to the current specification. It proves that the higher the formation temperature, the easier it meets various requirements of the specification. Or it will be more difficult otherwise. So, in controlling the temperature segregation , this paper proposed that both lowest temperature and its variation must be concerned.
(5) A test device for evaluating graduation segregation was developed. The indoor model test simulated the graduation segregation, using the difference of accumulative passing percentage between the front and rear aggregate bin to define the segregation level defined as“segregation possibility”. It is also a very meaningful index of HMA to figure out its possibility of segregation before its paving.
(6) After knowing the main causes of segregation and the corresponding countermeasures, a conclusion can be made as“a combination of controlling maximum size of the aggregate, adopting suitable asphalt–aggregate ratio, managing stone refinery strictly, quantifying the aggregate, using material transfer vehicle and live bottom truck is the effective way to deal with the segregation.”By dynamic management and countermeasures set against the outstanding factors, segregation can be effectively mitigated.
(1)首次将管理学和运筹学等方面的理论和方法运用于影响离析的关键因素识别。研究表明:在路面施工过程的复杂系统中,影响离析的关键因素包括拌制过程中的集料质量变异大和集料装载与计量控制不准确,施工过程中摊铺机操作人员的技艺水平不高和摊铺碾压设备的优选组合不当,以及温度离析中的碾压温度偏低与碾压时间不合理等。
(2)从颗粒在不同施工阶段的物理力学特性研究着手,分析了颗粒在不同阶段的受力和运动状况,进一步深入分析了离析的机理。研究表明:在路面施工中沥青混合料的装卸、水平运输和传送、螺旋布料等阶段,粗骨料颗粒受到的水平惯性力、离心力及自身重力大,产生的动能大,而细骨料受到的水平惯性力、离心力及自身重力小,产生的动能小,导致粗骨料颗粒容易产生离析。
(3)通过室内试验,研究了混合料级配离析对路面性能的影响。提出了以现行规范为基础、与马歇尔试验指标相关的离析控制指标。通过马歇尔实验,分别分析了级配离析的油石比变化、集料离析、矿粉离析对各项马歇尔指标的影响。研究表明:饱和度对级配离析的变化最为敏感,其次是空隙率,由此表明离析是路面结构水破坏的根源。
(4)通过室内试验,研究了温度离析对路面结构均匀性的影响。通过温度对混合料马歇尔试验各项技术指标的影响关系,提出了结合规范规定的温度离析控制指标。研究表明,成型温度越高,越容易满足规范各项指标的要求;成型温度过低,就难以满足规范要求。因此,在温度离析控制方面,提出了在控制温差的同时,须设定最低控制温度的依据和指标。
(5)开发了一种评价集料离析的试验装置,通过室内模型模拟试验,对级配离析进行室内模拟。提出了以级配离析测量装置的前后料仓混合料级配累计通过率之差为级配离析的评价指标,定义为“可离析度”。研究表明,“可离析度”是一个能很好表征混合料级配离析程度的指标,也是在混合料摊铺前能很好检验和表征混合料级配离析可能性程度的指标。
(6)针对识别的影响离析的主要因素,分析探讨了离析的防控措施。研究表明:采取控制集料最大粒径、合理选择油石比、严格碎石加工和料场管理、控制集料计量、使用混合料转运车和活底运输车等技术措施,可以有效控制离析的产生。同时,采用动态优化管理办法,针对关键因素制定防控措施,离析问题能够得到有效地控制。
Segregation in the Hot-Mixed Asphalt (HMA) causes inferior homogeneity of pavement structure which is a key contributor to the early pavement damage. It has very obvious theoretical sense and engineering value in aspects of improving pavement quality, bettering pavement homogeneity and duribility, lasting pavement service life and minimizing the life cycle cost. This dissertation has made a thorough study in fields of causes and mechanism of segregation, impact of segregation on pavement homogeneity and its countermeasures. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) This paper pioneered the introduction of systematic and management methods to identify main contributive factors to segregation. It is proven by the research that in the complicated system of construction process, the obvious causes of segregation are inclusive of large verity of aggregate mass and insufficient precision of loading and quantitifying in mixture batching, unsophisticated paver operator and rolling equipment not well matched, comparatively low rolling temperature and unreasonable rolling time etc.
( 2 ) Based on the analysis of aggregate movement and its structural characteristics in variant work stage, this paper analysized the aggregate’s movement and structural status and studied further the segregation mechanism. The research reveals that during pavement construction and in the loading, transporting and transferring and spirally distributing process, the coarse aggregate has larger horizontal inertia force, centrifugal force and gravity and consequently it has larger momentum, while the fine aggregate has much smaller above said mechanical indexes, this difference leads to segregation.
(3) The indoor test has shown the graduation segregation impact on the pavement characteristics. A criterion of segregation control based on the current specification and related to the Marshall Test is proposed. The Marshall Test has revealed the variation of oil-aggregate ratio induced by the segregation and its impact on Marshall Index. The research has indicated that the saturation is very sensitive to the segregation variation and secondly to the air-void ratio, this means that segregation is the fundamental source of pavement water damage.
(4)The indoor test has studied the temperature segregation impact on the pavement on the pavement homogeneity. Via corelationship of temperature with various Marshall Indices, this paper posed the temperature segregation allowance responding to the current specification. It proves that the higher the formation temperature, the easier it meets various requirements of the specification. Or it will be more difficult otherwise. So, in controlling the temperature segregation , this paper proposed that both lowest temperature and its variation must be concerned.
(5) A test device for evaluating graduation segregation was developed. The indoor model test simulated the graduation segregation, using the difference of accumulative passing percentage between the front and rear aggregate bin to define the segregation level defined as“segregation possibility”. It is also a very meaningful index of HMA to figure out its possibility of segregation before its paving.
(6) After knowing the main causes of segregation and the corresponding countermeasures, a conclusion can be made as“a combination of controlling maximum size of the aggregate, adopting suitable asphalt–aggregate ratio, managing stone refinery strictly, quantifying the aggregate, using material transfer vehicle and live bottom truck is the effective way to deal with the segregation.”By dynamic management and countermeasures set against the outstanding factors, segregation can be effectively mitigated.
引文
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