UPQC电流谐波与电压跌落补偿技术研究
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摘要
电能质量的优劣影响到国民经济效益,随着电网结构和电力负荷成份的日益复杂,多种电能质量问题在同一配电系统中或在同一用电负荷中同时出现的情况越来越多。因此,具有综合补偿能力的统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)成为提高电能质量的研究热点。UPQC改变了电能质量控制中电压或电流问题分别补偿的现状,整体满足系统电流和电压的补偿要求,具有很好的发展前景。本文在探讨UPQC工作原理及拓扑结构的基础上,深入研究其补偿分量的实时检测算法、控制策略及实际电路装置的设计问题。
主要研究内容和创新点:
1.以三相三线制结构的左串右并形式UPQC拓扑作为研究对象,提出UPQC并联侧基于粒子群优化的模糊控制(PSO-FUZZY)谐波电流补偿信号检测法。利用粒子群算法优化并联积分环节的模糊控制器比例因子,调节模糊控制输出k值。针对粒子群寻优易陷入局部最小的问题,提出改进的粒子群算法,在迭代过程中加入若干粒子扩大搜索范围。MATLAB仿真和实验的结果验均证了该检测方法的有效性。
2.基于不同电压补偿策略电压、电流矢量特点,分析了串、并联补偿单元的能量流动特征,推导有功功率和无功功率计算公式。在此基础上,针对伴有相位跳变的电压跌落问题,提出UPQC串联侧基于瞬时无功功率理论考虑相位跳变的最小能量补偿电压检测方法。依据UPQC串联侧提供有功能量最小原则确定三种电源电压波动情况下的补偿最优角,确定了目标电压函数,求取串联侧补偿参考量。通过Matlab仿真及实验验证了该方法的有效性。
3.基于UPQC并联补偿单元数学模型,结合谐波电流补偿原理,提出电流滞环最优矢量控制方法,由当前最优矢量与电流误差所在区域共同决定下一时刻输出的最优矢量,区域判断避免了电压矢量的重复计算,解决了传统滞环控制方法的三相独立控制精度不高的问题。方法的优越性得到了MATLAB仿真和UPQC实验验证。
4.在最小能量法基础上,通过严谨的理论推导设计了UPQC实验平台。包括功率器件选取,并联侧连接电感的感值、铁芯、匝数和导线线径的设计,串联变压器的容量和变比的设计,串/并联侧输出滤波电路的设计以及直流侧电容的容值和耐压的设计。
Power quality related to the merits of the overall effectiveness of the national economy. With the increasing complexity of grid structure and the power load components, a number of types of power quality problems which are at the same power distribution system or in the same load at the same time have increased. Therefore, unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) which has comprehensive ability of compensation becomes the hot research topic of power compensation. The status quo of respective voltage compensation and respective current compensation can be changed by UPQC. It can meet the synchronous compensation requirements of load voltage sag and power supply harmonic current and has far development prospects. To improve the actual quality of power supply problems, to improve the actual supply of power quality problems, in-depth study UPQC including of principle, topology, the compensation component of real-time detection algorithm, control strategy and the actual circuit design problems.
The main research contents and innovation:
1. The three-phase three-wire UPQC topological structure is considered as the research object on the basis of researching various topology structures. Series compensator is connected in series with the supply voltage through a transformer and parallel compensator is connected in parallel with the load. The detecting algorithm of harmonic current compensation signal based on PSO-FUZZY control is proposed. The factors of fuzzy controller with integrator are optimized by particle swarm optimization to adjust the output of fuzzy controller. Aiming at the problem of easily falling into local minimum during particle swarm optimization process, an improved algorithm of PSO is proposed, in which several particles are added to expand the searching scope in the iterative process. The feasibility of the detection algorithm is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and experimental results.
2. Based on current and voltage vector characteristics of the different voltage compensation strategy, energy flow characteristics of series and parallel compensation unit is analyzed, the active power and reactive power calculation formula is derived. Aiming at the problem of voltage sag with phase jump, considering phase jump based on instantaneous reactive theory minimum energy compensating voltage detection algorithm is proposed. Compensation optimal angle is get according to the principle of minimum active power provided by series converter in three circumstances of supply voltage fluctuations. Target function of voltage is acquired and compensation output of series side is get. The feasibility of the symmetrical component minimum energy compensation algorithm is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and experimental results.
3. Based on the mathematical model of UPQC parallel compensation unit, combined with harmonic current compensation principle, the current hysteresis optimal vector control method is proposed to make up for the low accuracy of traditional three-phase hysteresis control method. The optimal output vector of next moment is determined by the area of current optimal vector and current error. The simple way to determine the area of supply voltage vector and current error vector is acquired according to coordinate geometry. Repeated computation is avoided and compensation accuracy is improved. Simulation model is built to verify the superiority. And experimental verification is carried out in the UPQC experimental device based on DSP platform. The feasibility of the method is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and experimental results.
4. Design the experiment platform UPQC though detailed theoretical derivation and rigorous mathematical calculation based on the minimum energy method. Including the power devices selection, parallel side of the sense of connection inductance value, core, turns and wire diameter design, capacity and ratio of transformations design in series, output filter circuit design in series and parallel, as well as the capacity values and the design pressure of DC capacitor design.
主要研究内容和创新点:
1.以三相三线制结构的左串右并形式UPQC拓扑作为研究对象,提出UPQC并联侧基于粒子群优化的模糊控制(PSO-FUZZY)谐波电流补偿信号检测法。利用粒子群算法优化并联积分环节的模糊控制器比例因子,调节模糊控制输出k值。针对粒子群寻优易陷入局部最小的问题,提出改进的粒子群算法,在迭代过程中加入若干粒子扩大搜索范围。MATLAB仿真和实验的结果验均证了该检测方法的有效性。
2.基于不同电压补偿策略电压、电流矢量特点,分析了串、并联补偿单元的能量流动特征,推导有功功率和无功功率计算公式。在此基础上,针对伴有相位跳变的电压跌落问题,提出UPQC串联侧基于瞬时无功功率理论考虑相位跳变的最小能量补偿电压检测方法。依据UPQC串联侧提供有功能量最小原则确定三种电源电压波动情况下的补偿最优角,确定了目标电压函数,求取串联侧补偿参考量。通过Matlab仿真及实验验证了该方法的有效性。
3.基于UPQC并联补偿单元数学模型,结合谐波电流补偿原理,提出电流滞环最优矢量控制方法,由当前最优矢量与电流误差所在区域共同决定下一时刻输出的最优矢量,区域判断避免了电压矢量的重复计算,解决了传统滞环控制方法的三相独立控制精度不高的问题。方法的优越性得到了MATLAB仿真和UPQC实验验证。
4.在最小能量法基础上,通过严谨的理论推导设计了UPQC实验平台。包括功率器件选取,并联侧连接电感的感值、铁芯、匝数和导线线径的设计,串联变压器的容量和变比的设计,串/并联侧输出滤波电路的设计以及直流侧电容的容值和耐压的设计。
Power quality related to the merits of the overall effectiveness of the national economy. With the increasing complexity of grid structure and the power load components, a number of types of power quality problems which are at the same power distribution system or in the same load at the same time have increased. Therefore, unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) which has comprehensive ability of compensation becomes the hot research topic of power compensation. The status quo of respective voltage compensation and respective current compensation can be changed by UPQC. It can meet the synchronous compensation requirements of load voltage sag and power supply harmonic current and has far development prospects. To improve the actual quality of power supply problems, to improve the actual supply of power quality problems, in-depth study UPQC including of principle, topology, the compensation component of real-time detection algorithm, control strategy and the actual circuit design problems.
The main research contents and innovation:
1. The three-phase three-wire UPQC topological structure is considered as the research object on the basis of researching various topology structures. Series compensator is connected in series with the supply voltage through a transformer and parallel compensator is connected in parallel with the load. The detecting algorithm of harmonic current compensation signal based on PSO-FUZZY control is proposed. The factors of fuzzy controller with integrator are optimized by particle swarm optimization to adjust the output of fuzzy controller. Aiming at the problem of easily falling into local minimum during particle swarm optimization process, an improved algorithm of PSO is proposed, in which several particles are added to expand the searching scope in the iterative process. The feasibility of the detection algorithm is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and experimental results.
2. Based on current and voltage vector characteristics of the different voltage compensation strategy, energy flow characteristics of series and parallel compensation unit is analyzed, the active power and reactive power calculation formula is derived. Aiming at the problem of voltage sag with phase jump, considering phase jump based on instantaneous reactive theory minimum energy compensating voltage detection algorithm is proposed. Compensation optimal angle is get according to the principle of minimum active power provided by series converter in three circumstances of supply voltage fluctuations. Target function of voltage is acquired and compensation output of series side is get. The feasibility of the symmetrical component minimum energy compensation algorithm is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and experimental results.
3. Based on the mathematical model of UPQC parallel compensation unit, combined with harmonic current compensation principle, the current hysteresis optimal vector control method is proposed to make up for the low accuracy of traditional three-phase hysteresis control method. The optimal output vector of next moment is determined by the area of current optimal vector and current error. The simple way to determine the area of supply voltage vector and current error vector is acquired according to coordinate geometry. Repeated computation is avoided and compensation accuracy is improved. Simulation model is built to verify the superiority. And experimental verification is carried out in the UPQC experimental device based on DSP platform. The feasibility of the method is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results and experimental results.
4. Design the experiment platform UPQC though detailed theoretical derivation and rigorous mathematical calculation based on the minimum energy method. Including the power devices selection, parallel side of the sense of connection inductance value, core, turns and wire diameter design, capacity and ratio of transformations design in series, output filter circuit design in series and parallel, as well as the capacity values and the design pressure of DC capacitor design.
引文
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