大牛地气田太原组沉积相研究
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摘要
应用现代沉积学方法,在岩芯观察的基础上,进行单井沉积微相分析研究。综合运用地质、测井和录井资料,通过连井对比将剖面扩大到全区范围,详细研究大牛地气田太原组储层的沉积微相类型、沉积特征及沉积环境。明确各沉积体系的分布规律、砂体的展布特征,结合盆地和区域构造演化,建立盆地沉积模式;研究重点层段储层的沉积成因及控制因素,明确储层的主控因素;进行本区岩相古地理和沉积演化史研究,研究天然气富集的主控因素,为下一步勘探部署提供科学理论依据,并预测有利储集砂体和区带。
通过对大牛地气田太原组10口取心井进行了岩心观察与精细描述,共识别出10种层理和16种岩石相。根据岩心特征和7口井镜下薄片的观察再结合测井资料的研究,我们识别出工区内3种沉积相,6种沉积亚相,13种沉积微相。认为太1段为障壁岛-潮坪沉积体系,太2段为辫状河三角洲前缘沉积体系,打破了以前认为太原组为单一的障壁岛-潮坪沉积体系的观点。
在上面研究的基础上,绘制了9口单井相综合图,横4纵4八条连井剖面,2张沉积相平面图,对太原组沉积相从垂相和平面做了全面的分析,认为太原组的沉积相发育主要控制因素为陆源物源的供给。太1段障壁岛的走向为北东-西南走向,向陆方向发育潮坪和泻湖沉积,太2段水下分流河道走向为北东-西南,主河道贯穿整个工区,在河道末端发育河口坝和席状砂。
根据261个岩心样品的物性分布统计,和23块岩石薄片的观察,工区太原组储层属于低孔低渗类型的储层。各微相的砂体物性差别较大,比较好的为河口坝、潮汐水道和水下分流河道,但确定是否为有效储气层,主要因素为砂体厚度,而水下分流河道、潮汐水道和障壁砂坝一般砂体较厚,河口坝次之,席状砂和砂坪的砂体厚度最小。
利用前面研究的各主要微相物性统计,砂岩厚度分布,和沉积微相平面分布等成果,结合太1和太2段试气井的统计研究,得出太原组太1段勘探有利储集带为潮汐水道和障壁砂坝的砂体范围,太2段的有利储集带为水下分流河道砂体的分布范围。
We analyzed the individual well microfacies by applying modern sedimentological methods and observation of drilling cores. On the basis of geological, logging and drilling materials, we enlarged the profiles to cover the whole area by correlation of well tie. Not only did we study the sedimentary microfacies types, sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary enviornment of reservoir of Taiyuan formation in Daniudi Gas Field, but we also studied the distributional pattern of sedimentary systems and sand bodies. By studying the regional tectonic evolution of basin, the sedimentary model of this basin was established. The sedimentary origin and controlling factor of the key research area were studied, and the master controlling factor of reservoir was clear, too. After researching the lithofacies paleogeology of this area, sedimentary evolutional history and the main controlling factor of gas accumulation, we could provide scientific theordial criteria of next exploration strategy and forecast beneficial reservoir sand bodies and interested zone.
According to the observation and careful description of drilling cores of 10 wells of Taiyuan formation in Daniudi Gas Field, we recognized 10 types of bedding and 16 types of lithofacies. By drilling core characteristics, the observation of thin slices of 7 wells under microscope and the logging materials, we recognized 3 types of sedimentary facies, 6 types of sedimentary subfacies and 13 types of sedimentary microfacies. We held the viewpoint that Tai 1 member developed barrier island-tidal flat sedimentary system, and Tai 2 member developed braided-delta front sedimentary system, which challenged the conception that Taiyuan formation developed barrier island-tidal flat sedimentary system only.
On the basis of the research before, we made 9 synthetic figures of individual well sedimentary facies, 8 well ties including 4 horizontal profiles and 4 vertical profiles, 2 sedimentary facies ichnographs. We analyzed the sedimentary facies of Taiyuan formation vertically and horizontally and held the viewpoint that the main controlling factor of sedimentary facies of Taiyuan formation is the terrigenous supply. The trend of barrier island of Tai 1 member is northeast-southwest direction. Tidal flat and lagoon deposits develop landwards. The trend of underwater distributary channel of Tai 2 member is northeast-southwest direction. The main channel goes through the work area, mouth bar and sand sheet develop at the end of the channel.
According to the statistics of physical property distribution of 261 drilling core samples and the observation of 23 thin slices, we conclude that the reservoir of Taiyuan formation in the work area is low-porosity and low-permeability. The physical properties of sand bodies of microfacies differ a lot. The good reservoirs are mouth bar, tidal channel and underwater distributary channel. The main factor deciding whether the reservoir is effective is the depth of sand bodies. The depth of sand bodies of underwater distributary channel, tidal channel and barrier bar are relatively thick, the depth of sand bodies of mouth bar are less thick, the depths of sand bodies of sand sheet and sand flat are thin.
According to the statistics of physical properties of every major microfacies, distribution of sandstone depth, sedimentary microfacies ichnographs, and the statistics of the gas testing wells of Tai 1 and Tai 2 member, we conclude that the beneficial zones of Tai 1 member are located at these places where tidal channels and barrier bars distribute, while the beneficial zones of Tai 2 member are located at these places where underwater distributary channels distribute.
通过对大牛地气田太原组10口取心井进行了岩心观察与精细描述,共识别出10种层理和16种岩石相。根据岩心特征和7口井镜下薄片的观察再结合测井资料的研究,我们识别出工区内3种沉积相,6种沉积亚相,13种沉积微相。认为太1段为障壁岛-潮坪沉积体系,太2段为辫状河三角洲前缘沉积体系,打破了以前认为太原组为单一的障壁岛-潮坪沉积体系的观点。
在上面研究的基础上,绘制了9口单井相综合图,横4纵4八条连井剖面,2张沉积相平面图,对太原组沉积相从垂相和平面做了全面的分析,认为太原组的沉积相发育主要控制因素为陆源物源的供给。太1段障壁岛的走向为北东-西南走向,向陆方向发育潮坪和泻湖沉积,太2段水下分流河道走向为北东-西南,主河道贯穿整个工区,在河道末端发育河口坝和席状砂。
根据261个岩心样品的物性分布统计,和23块岩石薄片的观察,工区太原组储层属于低孔低渗类型的储层。各微相的砂体物性差别较大,比较好的为河口坝、潮汐水道和水下分流河道,但确定是否为有效储气层,主要因素为砂体厚度,而水下分流河道、潮汐水道和障壁砂坝一般砂体较厚,河口坝次之,席状砂和砂坪的砂体厚度最小。
利用前面研究的各主要微相物性统计,砂岩厚度分布,和沉积微相平面分布等成果,结合太1和太2段试气井的统计研究,得出太原组太1段勘探有利储集带为潮汐水道和障壁砂坝的砂体范围,太2段的有利储集带为水下分流河道砂体的分布范围。
We analyzed the individual well microfacies by applying modern sedimentological methods and observation of drilling cores. On the basis of geological, logging and drilling materials, we enlarged the profiles to cover the whole area by correlation of well tie. Not only did we study the sedimentary microfacies types, sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary enviornment of reservoir of Taiyuan formation in Daniudi Gas Field, but we also studied the distributional pattern of sedimentary systems and sand bodies. By studying the regional tectonic evolution of basin, the sedimentary model of this basin was established. The sedimentary origin and controlling factor of the key research area were studied, and the master controlling factor of reservoir was clear, too. After researching the lithofacies paleogeology of this area, sedimentary evolutional history and the main controlling factor of gas accumulation, we could provide scientific theordial criteria of next exploration strategy and forecast beneficial reservoir sand bodies and interested zone.
According to the observation and careful description of drilling cores of 10 wells of Taiyuan formation in Daniudi Gas Field, we recognized 10 types of bedding and 16 types of lithofacies. By drilling core characteristics, the observation of thin slices of 7 wells under microscope and the logging materials, we recognized 3 types of sedimentary facies, 6 types of sedimentary subfacies and 13 types of sedimentary microfacies. We held the viewpoint that Tai 1 member developed barrier island-tidal flat sedimentary system, and Tai 2 member developed braided-delta front sedimentary system, which challenged the conception that Taiyuan formation developed barrier island-tidal flat sedimentary system only.
On the basis of the research before, we made 9 synthetic figures of individual well sedimentary facies, 8 well ties including 4 horizontal profiles and 4 vertical profiles, 2 sedimentary facies ichnographs. We analyzed the sedimentary facies of Taiyuan formation vertically and horizontally and held the viewpoint that the main controlling factor of sedimentary facies of Taiyuan formation is the terrigenous supply. The trend of barrier island of Tai 1 member is northeast-southwest direction. Tidal flat and lagoon deposits develop landwards. The trend of underwater distributary channel of Tai 2 member is northeast-southwest direction. The main channel goes through the work area, mouth bar and sand sheet develop at the end of the channel.
According to the statistics of physical property distribution of 261 drilling core samples and the observation of 23 thin slices, we conclude that the reservoir of Taiyuan formation in the work area is low-porosity and low-permeability. The physical properties of sand bodies of microfacies differ a lot. The good reservoirs are mouth bar, tidal channel and underwater distributary channel. The main factor deciding whether the reservoir is effective is the depth of sand bodies. The depth of sand bodies of underwater distributary channel, tidal channel and barrier bar are relatively thick, the depth of sand bodies of mouth bar are less thick, the depths of sand bodies of sand sheet and sand flat are thin.
According to the statistics of physical properties of every major microfacies, distribution of sandstone depth, sedimentary microfacies ichnographs, and the statistics of the gas testing wells of Tai 1 and Tai 2 member, we conclude that the beneficial zones of Tai 1 member are located at these places where tidal channels and barrier bars distribute, while the beneficial zones of Tai 2 member are located at these places where underwater distributary channels distribute.
引文
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2. Busch, D.A., Prospecting for stratigraphic traps: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1959, v.43, p.2829-2843.
3. Gerhard Einsele,1992, Sediment budget:evolution, facies, and sediment budget, Springer—Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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5. .J. C. Wagoner,etal, Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, cores, and outcrops: Concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series, 1990, No.7
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7. Mac Gowan D B and Surdam R C. Difunctional carboxylic acid anions in oilfield water. Org. Geochem., 1988, 12:245~259.
8. Mack W G and James W C. Cyclic sedimentation in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate Abo-Hueco transition zone(Lower Permian),Southwestern New Mexico. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1986, 56:635-647.
9. 马正.油气测井地质学,武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1994
10. 莱复生.石油地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
11. 周书欣,V.P.赖特,N.H.普拉特等. 湖泊沉积体系与油气.北京:科学出版社,1991.
12. 姜在兴编著.沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
13. 候洪斌编著.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界天然气成藏条件与勘探方向.北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
14. 沉积构造与环境解释编著组.沉积构造与环境解释[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1991.
15. 陈俊亮, 吴亮. 大牛地气田沉积相特征[J]. 焦作工学院学报, 23(2):89-93. 2004
16. 冯增昭, 王英华等著, 中国沉积学[M], 北京:石油工业出版社, 1994.
17. 于兴河,陈瑞,塔巴庙区块太原组沉积相及储层沉积微相研究,[项目文档]中国地质大学(北京),2004.
18. 姜在兴,吝 文, 大牛地气田下石盒子组盒 2,3 段沉积相研究 ,[项目文档] 中国地质大学(北京),2007.
19. 王岚, 鄂尔多斯西缘地区二叠系太原组、山西组沉积体系研究[博士学位论文],西北大学,2006.
20. 沙庆安,混合沉积和混合岩的讨论,古地理学报,3(3),63～66.2001
21. 陈全红, 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积体系及油气富集规律研究,[博士学位论文]西北大学,2007
22. 应风祥,何东博等编.碎屑岩石成岩阶段划分标准,北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
23. 于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
24. 袁静, 杜玉民, 李红南. 陆源碎屑沉积相的粒度概率累积曲线特征[J], 石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):103-106.
25. 张厚福, 张万选主编.石油地质学(第二版)[M],北京: 石油工业出版社, 1989.
26. 赵澄林,陈丽华主编. 中国天然气储层[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1999, 147-156.
27. 赵澄林.油区岩相古地理[M].山东,北京:石油大学出版社, 2001.
28. 赵澄林编著,沉积学原理[M],北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
29. 何镜宇,孟祥化,沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造,北京:地质出版社, 1987.
30. 陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练编,沉积学及古地理学教程,中国地质大学出版社,1998
31. 惠宪洋,贾会冲,鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区下古生界奥陶系天然气德气源追踪研究,矿物岩石,2001,83(21)
32. 何自新,鄂尔多斯盆地演化与油气,北京:石油工业出版社,2003
33. 孟军田等著,大牛地气田大 50、大 3 井区新增天然气探明储量报告,华北分公司勘探开发研究院,2006
34. 任玉林等著,大牛地气田大 23-大 47 井区开发方案,华北分公司勘探开发研究院,2005
35. 贾振远,李之琪,碳酸盐岩沉积相和沉积环境,武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989
2. Busch, D.A., Prospecting for stratigraphic traps: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1959, v.43, p.2829-2843.
3. Gerhard Einsele,1992, Sediment budget:evolution, facies, and sediment budget, Springer—Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
4. Home J C, Ferm C, Baganz B P. Depositional models in coal exploration and mineral planing in .Appalachian region. AAPG. 1976 , 62 (12 ) : 2377-2411
5. .J. C. Wagoner,etal, Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, cores, and outcrops: Concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series, 1990, No.7
6. Davis R.A.,1992, Depositional Systems:an introduction to sedimentology and stratigraphy, Prentice—Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
7. Mac Gowan D B and Surdam R C. Difunctional carboxylic acid anions in oilfield water. Org. Geochem., 1988, 12:245~259.
8. Mack W G and James W C. Cyclic sedimentation in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate Abo-Hueco transition zone(Lower Permian),Southwestern New Mexico. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1986, 56:635-647.
9. 马正.油气测井地质学,武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1994
10. 莱复生.石油地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
11. 周书欣,V.P.赖特,N.H.普拉特等. 湖泊沉积体系与油气.北京:科学出版社,1991.
12. 姜在兴编著.沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
13. 候洪斌编著.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界天然气成藏条件与勘探方向.北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
14. 沉积构造与环境解释编著组.沉积构造与环境解释[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1991.
15. 陈俊亮, 吴亮. 大牛地气田沉积相特征[J]. 焦作工学院学报, 23(2):89-93. 2004
16. 冯增昭, 王英华等著, 中国沉积学[M], 北京:石油工业出版社, 1994.
17. 于兴河,陈瑞,塔巴庙区块太原组沉积相及储层沉积微相研究,[项目文档]中国地质大学(北京),2004.
18. 姜在兴,吝 文, 大牛地气田下石盒子组盒 2,3 段沉积相研究 ,[项目文档] 中国地质大学(北京),2007.
19. 王岚, 鄂尔多斯西缘地区二叠系太原组、山西组沉积体系研究[博士学位论文],西北大学,2006.
20. 沙庆安,混合沉积和混合岩的讨论,古地理学报,3(3),63～66.2001
21. 陈全红, 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积体系及油气富集规律研究,[博士学位论文]西北大学,2007
22. 应风祥,何东博等编.碎屑岩石成岩阶段划分标准,北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
23. 于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
24. 袁静, 杜玉民, 李红南. 陆源碎屑沉积相的粒度概率累积曲线特征[J], 石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):103-106.
25. 张厚福, 张万选主编.石油地质学(第二版)[M],北京: 石油工业出版社, 1989.
26. 赵澄林,陈丽华主编. 中国天然气储层[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1999, 147-156.
27. 赵澄林.油区岩相古地理[M].山东,北京:石油大学出版社, 2001.
28. 赵澄林编著,沉积学原理[M],北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
29. 何镜宇,孟祥化,沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造,北京:地质出版社, 1987.
30. 陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练编,沉积学及古地理学教程,中国地质大学出版社,1998
31. 惠宪洋,贾会冲,鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区下古生界奥陶系天然气德气源追踪研究,矿物岩石,2001,83(21)
32. 何自新,鄂尔多斯盆地演化与油气,北京:石油工业出版社,2003
33. 孟军田等著,大牛地气田大 50、大 3 井区新增天然气探明储量报告,华北分公司勘探开发研究院,2006
34. 任玉林等著,大牛地气田大 23-大 47 井区开发方案,华北分公司勘探开发研究院,2005
35. 贾振远,李之琪,碳酸盐岩沉积相和沉积环境,武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989