节能发电要求下水电短期发电优化调度研究
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摘要
能源消耗的不断攀升,促使了节能政策的实行,节能发电调度也成为了电力系统运行的新思路。在节能发电要求下,水电优化调度在其原有调度方式上增设了节能理念。在模型建立方面,对于节能、环保、经济的调度思维,水电调度应有相适应的优化模型,并应同时考虑水火电协调的实际需求和约束进行建模。在求解算法方面,水电系统短期优化调度本身是一个具有复杂约束条件的高维、非凸、多阶段、有时滞的动态问题,“维数灾”问题已成为限制优化调度计算的瓶颈。如何进行降维求解出满足计算精度和时间要求的调度结果,如何满足水火电协调的相关条件,是节能要求下水电调度的重要问题。
本文以节能发电调度试点的贵州为研究背景,选取电网统调的13个水电站为研究对象,分析建立适合节能发电要求的水电系统短期优化调度模型,综合考虑水火电系统的多种约束,针对不同模型提出相应的求解方法,并结合实例进行实际调度运行的分析。具体工作如下:
(1)根据贵州电网的电力结构特点,建立了出力约束下发电量最大模型,并着重根据节能发电模式下水火电协调分析的需求,建立了定电量水电调峰模型。
(2)求解各水力参数,以厂内经济运行的方式求解综合NQH曲线,并拟合出合理代数式。对求解中遇到的电站计算顺序设定、水流滞时等实际问题以及约束条件的处理,提出相应解决方式。
(3)综合分析常见的降维算法,结合POA、DPSA、DDDP等算法,分别在计算时段、电站数和离散数等方面进行简化,提出了混合算法求解模型。为扩大搜索范围,进一步提高精度,增加了分组组合的求解方式。
(4)对于定电量水电调峰模型的求解,首先通过日电量蓄能优化方法和中长期调度配合求出给定电量,然后采用双向廊道寻优定电量水电调峰方法,得到初始水电调峰优化结果,最后利用平衡水电厂对调峰后系统余留负荷的进行修正,以期余留给火电负荷平稳不变或者变化不频繁。采用龙格库塔法改进以电定水的试算问题;基于节能排序采用逐次切负荷方法进行序列初始化,以改进寻优的速度和精度。
(5)综合考虑短期运行中的开停机持续时间、电站出力波动、机组震动区、水火电带宽、弃水等复杂条件进行修正。针对实例结果进行节能模式下水电系统短期发电调度的运行分析,得出了相对于分期的建议调度运行方式。
最后对全文进行了总结,并对有待进一步研究的问题进行了展望。
The continuous rising of energy consumption promotes the implementation of energy-saving,and the energy-conservation power generation arrangement has also become a new way to the operation of the power system.The additional energy saving ideas has been added to the hydropower optimized dispatch control under energy-conservation power generation mode.The adapted optimization model should be made in the hydropower operation with the consideration of energy saving,environmental protection and economy,and the actual demand and constraints of hydro-thermal scheduling should also be taken into account to the model.For the calculation algorithm,the short-term power generation operation of hydropower system is a dynamic problem with complex constraint condition which featuring by high-dimensional,strict restrictions,nonlinear and multi-phase characteristics.Nevertheless,the classical conventional optimal algorithms will face the "disaster-dimension" with the increasing variables.So it's very important to get the solution that can satisfy the demand of both time and precision by dimension reduction and the hydro-thermal scheduling in the hydropower operation based on the energy saving.
In this paper,with the background of Guizhou province which is a pilot of energy-saving power generation operation,13 hydropower stations are selected to construct the model of short-term power generation operation adapts to the energy-saving mode.A variety of constraint conditiones are considered and different calculation algorithmes are proposed with different model.The actual operation examples are analyzed to verify the calculation algorithrnes proposed.Specific tasks are as follows:
(1) For the situation of hydro structure of Guizhou province,a maximum model for hydropower generation with the output constraint is designed.Moreover,the electricity-determined adjusting discharge peak by hydropower plants model is designed with the demand of hydro-thermal scheduling analysis.
(2) Each hydro parameter is solved.The integrated NQH curve is solved with the method of inner-plant economical operation,and reasonable algebraic expression is fitted.For the problems of the calculation sequence setting,flow time delaying and constraints processing in the calculation,the solving methods are designed respectively.
(3) With the analysis of common dimension reduction algorithm,combined with the algorithm of POA,DPSA,DDDP,and with the simplification of the calculation time-step,the number of hydropower stations,the discrete number,a new model with hybrid algorithm is designed.A solving method of group combinations is applied to expand the search zone and to improve the precision.
(4) For the solving of electricity-determined adjusting discharge peak by hydropower plants,the determined electricity is got through the electric energy distribution by storage capacity optimization calculation and mid-long term power generation operation.The electricity-determined operation in hydropower adjusting discharge peak model by two-way corridor method is set.After getting the init result,the balancing power plant is made use of amending residual load in order to make thermal load curve smooth without large fluctuations. Runge-Kutta method is made use of improving the calculation of water getting by power.In order to ameliorate optimization of the velocity and precision,the successive load shedding method is used to make the sequence initialize.
(5)The short-term operation problems of the fluctuations of the power load,the unit vibration areas,the thermal power constraints,the surplus water and other complex restrictions are modified by the reasonable means.With the analysis of short-term power generation operation of hydropower system based on the energy-saving according to the solution of actual example,the operation method relative to different period is designed.
Finally,a summary is given and some problems to be further studied are discussed.
本文以节能发电调度试点的贵州为研究背景,选取电网统调的13个水电站为研究对象,分析建立适合节能发电要求的水电系统短期优化调度模型,综合考虑水火电系统的多种约束,针对不同模型提出相应的求解方法,并结合实例进行实际调度运行的分析。具体工作如下:
(1)根据贵州电网的电力结构特点,建立了出力约束下发电量最大模型,并着重根据节能发电模式下水火电协调分析的需求,建立了定电量水电调峰模型。
(2)求解各水力参数,以厂内经济运行的方式求解综合NQH曲线,并拟合出合理代数式。对求解中遇到的电站计算顺序设定、水流滞时等实际问题以及约束条件的处理,提出相应解决方式。
(3)综合分析常见的降维算法,结合POA、DPSA、DDDP等算法,分别在计算时段、电站数和离散数等方面进行简化,提出了混合算法求解模型。为扩大搜索范围,进一步提高精度,增加了分组组合的求解方式。
(4)对于定电量水电调峰模型的求解,首先通过日电量蓄能优化方法和中长期调度配合求出给定电量,然后采用双向廊道寻优定电量水电调峰方法,得到初始水电调峰优化结果,最后利用平衡水电厂对调峰后系统余留负荷的进行修正,以期余留给火电负荷平稳不变或者变化不频繁。采用龙格库塔法改进以电定水的试算问题;基于节能排序采用逐次切负荷方法进行序列初始化,以改进寻优的速度和精度。
(5)综合考虑短期运行中的开停机持续时间、电站出力波动、机组震动区、水火电带宽、弃水等复杂条件进行修正。针对实例结果进行节能模式下水电系统短期发电调度的运行分析,得出了相对于分期的建议调度运行方式。
最后对全文进行了总结,并对有待进一步研究的问题进行了展望。
The continuous rising of energy consumption promotes the implementation of energy-saving,and the energy-conservation power generation arrangement has also become a new way to the operation of the power system.The additional energy saving ideas has been added to the hydropower optimized dispatch control under energy-conservation power generation mode.The adapted optimization model should be made in the hydropower operation with the consideration of energy saving,environmental protection and economy,and the actual demand and constraints of hydro-thermal scheduling should also be taken into account to the model.For the calculation algorithm,the short-term power generation operation of hydropower system is a dynamic problem with complex constraint condition which featuring by high-dimensional,strict restrictions,nonlinear and multi-phase characteristics.Nevertheless,the classical conventional optimal algorithms will face the "disaster-dimension" with the increasing variables.So it's very important to get the solution that can satisfy the demand of both time and precision by dimension reduction and the hydro-thermal scheduling in the hydropower operation based on the energy saving.
In this paper,with the background of Guizhou province which is a pilot of energy-saving power generation operation,13 hydropower stations are selected to construct the model of short-term power generation operation adapts to the energy-saving mode.A variety of constraint conditiones are considered and different calculation algorithmes are proposed with different model.The actual operation examples are analyzed to verify the calculation algorithrnes proposed.Specific tasks are as follows:
(1) For the situation of hydro structure of Guizhou province,a maximum model for hydropower generation with the output constraint is designed.Moreover,the electricity-determined adjusting discharge peak by hydropower plants model is designed with the demand of hydro-thermal scheduling analysis.
(2) Each hydro parameter is solved.The integrated NQH curve is solved with the method of inner-plant economical operation,and reasonable algebraic expression is fitted.For the problems of the calculation sequence setting,flow time delaying and constraints processing in the calculation,the solving methods are designed respectively.
(3) With the analysis of common dimension reduction algorithm,combined with the algorithm of POA,DPSA,DDDP,and with the simplification of the calculation time-step,the number of hydropower stations,the discrete number,a new model with hybrid algorithm is designed.A solving method of group combinations is applied to expand the search zone and to improve the precision.
(4) For the solving of electricity-determined adjusting discharge peak by hydropower plants,the determined electricity is got through the electric energy distribution by storage capacity optimization calculation and mid-long term power generation operation.The electricity-determined operation in hydropower adjusting discharge peak model by two-way corridor method is set.After getting the init result,the balancing power plant is made use of amending residual load in order to make thermal load curve smooth without large fluctuations. Runge-Kutta method is made use of improving the calculation of water getting by power.In order to ameliorate optimization of the velocity and precision,the successive load shedding method is used to make the sequence initialize.
(5)The short-term operation problems of the fluctuations of the power load,the unit vibration areas,the thermal power constraints,the surplus water and other complex restrictions are modified by the reasonable means.With the analysis of short-term power generation operation of hydropower system based on the energy-saving according to the solution of actual example,the operation method relative to different period is designed.
Finally,a summary is given and some problems to be further studied are discussed.
引文
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