水电站经济运行应用研究
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摘要
水电站经济运行是加强水电站运行管理，提高经济性的基本途径之一，是整个电力系统经济运行的一个重要组成部分，通常根据具体问题的性质把水电站经济运行研究按时间和空间划分为若干个子问题或三种方式：厂内经济运行、短期经济运行和长期经济运行。本文首先阐述了水电站经济运行的研究背景和国内外研究现状，简要介绍了水电站经济运行的三种方式的模型，为微机监控下的水电站经济运行提供基本模型和数据，并为微机监控下实施电站的经济运行提供必要的依据，主要包括：
(1)对水轮机模型综合特性曲线进行处理，提供微机监控下水电站经济运行的基本数据。主要是对效率曲线和等开度线的数字化处理：利用极坐标法处理效率曲线，借助于CAD软件，将机组效率值组织成表，相比直角坐标法和神经网络法处理效率曲线，前期工作量少，精度高；对等开度线的处理，利用某一定水头下，机组开度与流量具有一一对应关系的原理，寻求某水头下的开度～流量之间的函数关系，组织成表，为微机监控下实施电站的经济运行提供一种控制流量的方法。
(2)结合水库调度的旬内水量二次分配。利用水库调度给定的旬内发电用水量，对其进行二次分配，以期获得更大的发电量，给出了二次分配的模型和利用遗传算法求解的过程，它是微机监控下水电站经济运行系统的一个分支，使水库调度和电站厂内经济运行有机的联系在一起。
(3)结合陆浑水库电站实例，对两电站的机组模型综合特性曲线进行处理，整理成基本数据库，介绍了厂内经济运行的模型和求解方法，结合水库调度结果，对旬内水量进行了二次分配，结合水电站微机监控理论，组成微机监控下水电站经济运行系统。
Economic operation of hydropower plant is one of basic methods to strengthen operation management of hydropower plant and improve profit. It is an important part of economic operation of power system, which is usually divided into three parts by time or space: internal economic operation of hydropower plant, short-term economic operation of hydropower plant, long-term economic operation of hydropower plant. This paper clarifies firstly the research background and current situation of the world of economic operation of hydropower plant and introduces simply the models of three ways of economic operation. It provides basic model, data and necessary reference for economic operation of hydropower plant under supervisory control, including:
(1) The treatment of model synthetic characteristics curve of turbine. It provides basic data for economic operation of hydropower plant under supervisory control. It includes principally treatment of efficiency curve and treatment of equal opening curve. The method of polar coordinates is used to treat the efficiency curve by means of CAD, and resultant data tables are obtained. Compared with the method of straight coordinates and neural networks method, it has the profit that less work and higher precision. It is known that, when the water head is definite, the relationship between turbine opening and discharge is sure. So the equal opening curve is treated and resultant function tables between opening and discharge are obtained. And it provides one way to control the turbine discharge for the operation of hydropower plant.
(2) Power water volume dispatching for the second time in ten days combining together reservoir operation. Reservoir operation gives the water volume in ten days, which is dispatched and expected to obtain more energy output. The paper advances the model of dispatching and the solving process by means of genetic algorithm. The second dispatching is a sub-system of economic operation of hydropower plant under supervisory control and combines together reservoir operation with internal economic operation of hydropower plant.
(3) Luhun reservoir power plant is taken as an example. model synthetic characteristics curve of turbines are treated and resultant database is got. It is introduced that the model of internal economic operation of hydropower plant and solving method. Combining together the reservoir operation, the power water volume in ten days is dispatched for the second time. With supervisory control theory, the economic operation system of hydropower plant under supervisory control is got.
(1)对水轮机模型综合特性曲线进行处理，提供微机监控下水电站经济运行的基本数据。主要是对效率曲线和等开度线的数字化处理：利用极坐标法处理效率曲线，借助于CAD软件，将机组效率值组织成表，相比直角坐标法和神经网络法处理效率曲线，前期工作量少，精度高；对等开度线的处理，利用某一定水头下，机组开度与流量具有一一对应关系的原理，寻求某水头下的开度～流量之间的函数关系，组织成表，为微机监控下实施电站的经济运行提供一种控制流量的方法。
(2)结合水库调度的旬内水量二次分配。利用水库调度给定的旬内发电用水量，对其进行二次分配，以期获得更大的发电量，给出了二次分配的模型和利用遗传算法求解的过程，它是微机监控下水电站经济运行系统的一个分支，使水库调度和电站厂内经济运行有机的联系在一起。
(3)结合陆浑水库电站实例，对两电站的机组模型综合特性曲线进行处理，整理成基本数据库，介绍了厂内经济运行的模型和求解方法，结合水库调度结果，对旬内水量进行了二次分配，结合水电站微机监控理论，组成微机监控下水电站经济运行系统。
Economic operation of hydropower plant is one of basic methods to strengthen operation management of hydropower plant and improve profit. It is an important part of economic operation of power system, which is usually divided into three parts by time or space: internal economic operation of hydropower plant, short-term economic operation of hydropower plant, long-term economic operation of hydropower plant. This paper clarifies firstly the research background and current situation of the world of economic operation of hydropower plant and introduces simply the models of three ways of economic operation. It provides basic model, data and necessary reference for economic operation of hydropower plant under supervisory control, including:
(1) The treatment of model synthetic characteristics curve of turbine. It provides basic data for economic operation of hydropower plant under supervisory control. It includes principally treatment of efficiency curve and treatment of equal opening curve. The method of polar coordinates is used to treat the efficiency curve by means of CAD, and resultant data tables are obtained. Compared with the method of straight coordinates and neural networks method, it has the profit that less work and higher precision. It is known that, when the water head is definite, the relationship between turbine opening and discharge is sure. So the equal opening curve is treated and resultant function tables between opening and discharge are obtained. And it provides one way to control the turbine discharge for the operation of hydropower plant.
(2) Power water volume dispatching for the second time in ten days combining together reservoir operation. Reservoir operation gives the water volume in ten days, which is dispatched and expected to obtain more energy output. The paper advances the model of dispatching and the solving process by means of genetic algorithm. The second dispatching is a sub-system of economic operation of hydropower plant under supervisory control and combines together reservoir operation with internal economic operation of hydropower plant.
(3) Luhun reservoir power plant is taken as an example. model synthetic characteristics curve of turbines are treated and resultant database is got. It is introduced that the model of internal economic operation of hydropower plant and solving method. Combining together the reservoir operation, the power water volume in ten days is dispatched for the second time. With supervisory control theory, the economic operation system of hydropower plant under supervisory control is got.
引文
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