电动汽车充电站对电网影响
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摘要
随着电动汽车的普及,作为其配套设施的电动汽车充电站在不久的将来也将迎来大量的建设。大量电动汽车充电站接入电网,将会对电网的功率,电压、电流带来较大的影响。为了能够更好地为充电站建设提供技术支持,减小电动汽车充电站对电网的不利影响,提高经济效益,本文从以下几个方面研究了电动汽车充电站对电网负荷特性造成的影响,并提出了相应地解决方案。
首先简要介绍了几种常见的电动汽车充电机类型,分析它们的不同特点和适用范围,指出电动汽车充电站负荷受到用户充电习惯等几个因素的影响,并且电动汽车充电属于随机性行为。在对电动汽车充电行为分析的基础上,利用统计学方法,根据相关文献中的实测数据,对电动汽车充电站的日负荷曲线做出了预测,建立了电动汽车充电站模型,以此模型为基础,可以更好地为电动汽车充电站负荷预测提供依据。
通过建立区域电网模型,预测电动汽车充电站负荷曲线,分析了电动汽车充电站大规模接入情况下,充电站对低压用户侧一天内电压的影响,通过仿真进行了验证。主要实施方案是,根据统计学建立的电动汽车充电站负荷模型和电网用户的典型日负荷模型,在PSCAD中,利用IEEE34节点模型仿真典型区域电网,在协调充电和非协调充电条件下,分析了不同功率充电站接入对电网日负荷曲线和电网电压的影响,指出了非协调充电模式的不利影响,论证了协调充电对电网负荷特性的有利影响,应合理的引导电动汽车用户充电行为,尽量做到协调充电。同时,论述了电动汽车充电站可能带来的电能计量等其他影响,提出相应的解决方案。
电动汽车充电站接入电网以后属于电网中的大功率负荷,因此可能会造成电网负荷的重新分布,从而引起潮流变化和网损增加,本文在典型配电网模型中建立充电站负荷模型,利用PSASP仿真软件仿真计算了电动汽车充电站接入以后对配电网潮流的影响,提出了相应的降低网络损耗措施,并提供了相关的计算案例对结论进行了验证。为了提供更优质的服务,今后充电站发展将主要是提供快速化充电,因此在暂态分析的基础上,分析了电动汽车充电站中快速充电作为冲击性负荷对电网造成的影响。
最后,利用山东省临沂焦庄电动汽车充电站运行数据,对前文当中提出的负荷拟合和预测方法做了验证,同时对充电站电压,功率数据作了分析,验证了前文提出的观点。
文章结尾对今后电动汽乍允电站研究方向和电动汽车作为V2G模式下的功能做了展望,电动汽乍研究属于新兴方向,其作为新能源载体的利用对解决当前能源危机也将起到深远的影响。
With the popularity of electric vehicles, as the supporting facilities of electric vehicles, charging stations will also be constructed a lot in the near future. It will have a large impact on the power grid, voltage and current that a large number of electric vehicle charging stations connected to the grid, in order to provide technical support to serve the charging station construction, reduce adverse impact of electric car charging stations on the grid, improve economic efficiency, the study of the impact of electric vehicle charging stations on the grid load characteristics and the corresponding solutions is made in this paper.
First, several common types of electric vehicle charging machines are introduced, their different characteristics and scope of application are analyzed. It is pointed out that the electric vehicle charging station load is influenced by several factors such as user charging habits and electric vehicle charging belongs to the random behavior. On the basis of the analysis of the electric vehicle charging behavior, the daily load curve of the electric car charging stations is made by use of statistical methods. The model of electric vehicle charging stations is made. Based on this model, the load forecasting of electric vehicle charging stations will be better provided.
Through the establishment of a regional power grid model, the electric vehicle charging station load curve is predict. The impact of charging stations on the user side of low voltage is analyzed under the condition of large-scale access of Electric vehicle charging stations. The main implementations of the program are as follows. Electric vehicle charging station load model and grid users typical daily load model are established according to the statistically. In PSCAD, the IEEE34nodes model is used to simulate a typical regional grid. Under Coordination charge and non-coordinated charging conditions, the impact on the grid daily load curve and grid voltage is analyzed in different power charging station access. The adverse effects of non-coordinating charging mode and the beneficial effects of coordinating the charging on the grid are pointed out. The user's charging behavior of electric vehicles should be reasonably guided. At the same time, the impact of electric vehicle charging stations on energy metering is discussed and appropriate solutions are proposed.
Electric vehicle charging stations belong to high-power load after connected to the grid. Therefore it may cause a re-distribution of grid load, the trend changes and the increase in the net loss. The charging station load model is established in typical distribution network model in this paper. The impact on the distribution network power flow after the electric vehicle charging stations accessed to the grid is calculated. And then some measures to reduce the network loss are brought up, which are proved by relational calculation cases. In order to provide better service in the future development of charging stations will primarily provide fast-charge. Therefore, on the basis of the analysis of the transient, the impact of fast charging electric vehicle charging stations as the impact load on the grid is analyzed.
Finally, the previously proposed method is verified by use of jiaozhuang operating data electric vehicle charging stations in Shandong Province, Linyi. Voltage and power data of the charging station are analyzed。
The future research directions of electric vehicle charging stations and electric vehicles as V2G mode are forecasted by the end of the article. The electric vehicle is an emerging direction to solve the current energy crisis. Its use as a new energy carrier also will play a far-reaching impact.
首先简要介绍了几种常见的电动汽车充电机类型,分析它们的不同特点和适用范围,指出电动汽车充电站负荷受到用户充电习惯等几个因素的影响,并且电动汽车充电属于随机性行为。在对电动汽车充电行为分析的基础上,利用统计学方法,根据相关文献中的实测数据,对电动汽车充电站的日负荷曲线做出了预测,建立了电动汽车充电站模型,以此模型为基础,可以更好地为电动汽车充电站负荷预测提供依据。
通过建立区域电网模型,预测电动汽车充电站负荷曲线,分析了电动汽车充电站大规模接入情况下,充电站对低压用户侧一天内电压的影响,通过仿真进行了验证。主要实施方案是,根据统计学建立的电动汽车充电站负荷模型和电网用户的典型日负荷模型,在PSCAD中,利用IEEE34节点模型仿真典型区域电网,在协调充电和非协调充电条件下,分析了不同功率充电站接入对电网日负荷曲线和电网电压的影响,指出了非协调充电模式的不利影响,论证了协调充电对电网负荷特性的有利影响,应合理的引导电动汽车用户充电行为,尽量做到协调充电。同时,论述了电动汽车充电站可能带来的电能计量等其他影响,提出相应的解决方案。
电动汽车充电站接入电网以后属于电网中的大功率负荷,因此可能会造成电网负荷的重新分布,从而引起潮流变化和网损增加,本文在典型配电网模型中建立充电站负荷模型,利用PSASP仿真软件仿真计算了电动汽车充电站接入以后对配电网潮流的影响,提出了相应的降低网络损耗措施,并提供了相关的计算案例对结论进行了验证。为了提供更优质的服务,今后充电站发展将主要是提供快速化充电,因此在暂态分析的基础上,分析了电动汽车充电站中快速充电作为冲击性负荷对电网造成的影响。
最后,利用山东省临沂焦庄电动汽车充电站运行数据,对前文当中提出的负荷拟合和预测方法做了验证,同时对充电站电压,功率数据作了分析,验证了前文提出的观点。
文章结尾对今后电动汽乍允电站研究方向和电动汽车作为V2G模式下的功能做了展望,电动汽乍研究属于新兴方向,其作为新能源载体的利用对解决当前能源危机也将起到深远的影响。
With the popularity of electric vehicles, as the supporting facilities of electric vehicles, charging stations will also be constructed a lot in the near future. It will have a large impact on the power grid, voltage and current that a large number of electric vehicle charging stations connected to the grid, in order to provide technical support to serve the charging station construction, reduce adverse impact of electric car charging stations on the grid, improve economic efficiency, the study of the impact of electric vehicle charging stations on the grid load characteristics and the corresponding solutions is made in this paper.
First, several common types of electric vehicle charging machines are introduced, their different characteristics and scope of application are analyzed. It is pointed out that the electric vehicle charging station load is influenced by several factors such as user charging habits and electric vehicle charging belongs to the random behavior. On the basis of the analysis of the electric vehicle charging behavior, the daily load curve of the electric car charging stations is made by use of statistical methods. The model of electric vehicle charging stations is made. Based on this model, the load forecasting of electric vehicle charging stations will be better provided.
Through the establishment of a regional power grid model, the electric vehicle charging station load curve is predict. The impact of charging stations on the user side of low voltage is analyzed under the condition of large-scale access of Electric vehicle charging stations. The main implementations of the program are as follows. Electric vehicle charging station load model and grid users typical daily load model are established according to the statistically. In PSCAD, the IEEE34nodes model is used to simulate a typical regional grid. Under Coordination charge and non-coordinated charging conditions, the impact on the grid daily load curve and grid voltage is analyzed in different power charging station access. The adverse effects of non-coordinating charging mode and the beneficial effects of coordinating the charging on the grid are pointed out. The user's charging behavior of electric vehicles should be reasonably guided. At the same time, the impact of electric vehicle charging stations on energy metering is discussed and appropriate solutions are proposed.
Electric vehicle charging stations belong to high-power load after connected to the grid. Therefore it may cause a re-distribution of grid load, the trend changes and the increase in the net loss. The charging station load model is established in typical distribution network model in this paper. The impact on the distribution network power flow after the electric vehicle charging stations accessed to the grid is calculated. And then some measures to reduce the network loss are brought up, which are proved by relational calculation cases. In order to provide better service in the future development of charging stations will primarily provide fast-charge. Therefore, on the basis of the analysis of the transient, the impact of fast charging electric vehicle charging stations as the impact load on the grid is analyzed.
Finally, the previously proposed method is verified by use of jiaozhuang operating data electric vehicle charging stations in Shandong Province, Linyi. Voltage and power data of the charging station are analyzed。
The future research directions of electric vehicle charging stations and electric vehicles as V2G mode are forecasted by the end of the article. The electric vehicle is an emerging direction to solve the current energy crisis. Its use as a new energy carrier also will play a far-reaching impact.
引文
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[2]国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部.中国汽车工程学会,大众汽车集团(中国).中国汽车产业发展报告(2010)[R].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[3]中华人民共和国科学技术部,《电动汽车科技发展“十二五”专项规划》,2012.4.20.
[4]石庆升,李秀娟,王燕平,电动汽车大规模运行中充电站网络的配置与控制技术问题探讨[J],2010 International Conference on Semiconductor Laser and Photonics,2010:78-81.
[5]罗卓伟,胡泽春,宋永华,杨霞,占恺峤,吴俊阳.电动汽车充电负荷计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(14)：36-42
[6]庾莉萍,对电动汽车充电站建设前景的思考[J],汽车工业研究,2011(11)：21-23.
[7]段嘉宣,谢家宸,马孝博,2013-2017年中国电动汽车充电站市场投资分析及前景预测报告[J],2012.10.
[8]周利梅,电动汽车充换电站选址规划布局研究[D],济南,山东大学,2012.10.
[9]高赐威,张亮,电动汽车充电对电网影响的综述[J],电网技术,2011,35(2)：127-131.
[11]雷黎,刘权彬.电动汽车使用对电网负荷曲线的影响初探[J].电机技术,2000(1)：37-39.
[12]M. De Nigris, I. Gianinoni, S. Grillo, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro, Impact Evaluation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) on Electric Distribution Networks[J], Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP),2010 14th International Conference,2010(1):1-6
[13]夏德建,电动汽车研究综述[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(7)：49-54.
[14]鲁莽,周小兵,张维.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展状况研究[J].华中电力,2010,5(23)：16-20,
[20]韩笑,纯电动公交车充电站运营规划及仿真[D],北京,北京交通大学,2010
[21]倪俊,电动汽车充电系统设计及其运营管理研究[D],上海,复旦大学,2010.
[22]王震坡,孙逢春,林程,电动公交客车充电站容量需求预测与仿真[J],北京理工大学学报,2006,26(12)：1061-1064.
[23]牛利勇,纯电动公交充电系统关键技术研究[D],北京,北京交通大学,2008.12.
[24]孙凤杰,尹国龙.电动汽车对配电网负荷率影响的探讨[J].科技创新导报,2011,13：42-43.
[25]姚建歆,王媚,罗伟明,电动汽车充电系统建设应用分析研究[J].华东电力,200836(8)：107-110.
[26]Bauer, Pavol; Zhou, Y.; Doppler, Jeremie; Stembridge, Neil, Charging of Electric Vehicles and Impact on the Gri[J],2010 13th International Symposium, 2010(2):121-127
[28]M. De Nigris, I. Gianinoni, S. Grillo, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro, Impact Evaluation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) on Electric Distribution Networks[J], Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP),2010(3):1-6
[29]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J],电网技术,2010.11,34(11)：127-130
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[2]国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部.中国汽车工程学会,大众汽车集团(中国).中国汽车产业发展报告(2010)[R].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[3]中华人民共和国科学技术部,《电动汽车科技发展“十二五”专项规划》,2012.4.20.
[4]石庆升,李秀娟,王燕平,电动汽车大规模运行中充电站网络的配置与控制技术问题探讨[J],2010 International Conference on Semiconductor Laser and Photonics,2010:78-81.
[5]罗卓伟,胡泽春,宋永华,杨霞,占恺峤,吴俊阳.电动汽车充电负荷计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(14)：36-42
[6]庾莉萍,对电动汽车充电站建设前景的思考[J],汽车工业研究,2011(11)：21-23.
[7]段嘉宣,谢家宸,马孝博,2013-2017年中国电动汽车充电站市场投资分析及前景预测报告[J],2012.10.
[8]周利梅,电动汽车充换电站选址规划布局研究[D],济南,山东大学,2012.10.
[9]高赐威,张亮,电动汽车充电对电网影响的综述[J],电网技术,2011,35(2)：127-131.
[11]雷黎,刘权彬.电动汽车使用对电网负荷曲线的影响初探[J].电机技术,2000(1)：37-39.
[12]M. De Nigris, I. Gianinoni, S. Grillo, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro, Impact Evaluation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) on Electric Distribution Networks[J], Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP),2010 14th International Conference,2010(1):1-6
[13]夏德建,电动汽车研究综述[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(7)：49-54.
[14]鲁莽,周小兵,张维.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展状况研究[J].华中电力,2010,5(23)：16-20,
[20]韩笑,纯电动公交车充电站运营规划及仿真[D],北京,北京交通大学,2010
[21]倪俊,电动汽车充电系统设计及其运营管理研究[D],上海,复旦大学,2010.
[22]王震坡,孙逢春,林程,电动公交客车充电站容量需求预测与仿真[J],北京理工大学学报,2006,26(12)：1061-1064.
[23]牛利勇,纯电动公交充电系统关键技术研究[D],北京,北京交通大学,2008.12.
[24]孙凤杰,尹国龙.电动汽车对配电网负荷率影响的探讨[J].科技创新导报,2011,13：42-43.
[25]姚建歆,王媚,罗伟明,电动汽车充电系统建设应用分析研究[J].华东电力,200836(8)：107-110.
[26]Bauer, Pavol; Zhou, Y.; Doppler, Jeremie; Stembridge, Neil, Charging of Electric Vehicles and Impact on the Gri[J],2010 13th International Symposium, 2010(2):121-127
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