黑龙江省农业发展的农村金融有效供给研究
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摘要
2007年“中央一号”文件明确提出,建设现代农业是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务和重要基础。发展现代农业是一项巨大的系统工程,必须有一个全方位、多层次的金融支持体系。改革开放以来,黑龙江省农业得到了迅速发展。但由于农业基础薄弱,农民自我积累、自我发展能力较差,农业生产企业和农民都面临投入不足,银行、财政的扶持有限等问题,资金供给不足成为制约我省现代农业发展的关键因素之一。因此,建立一个合理有效的农村金融供给体系是推动黑龙江省农村经济发展乃至整个新农村建设不可或缺的重要环节。目前,黑龙江省农村地区存在城乡金融资源配置不平衡,农村金融体系不完善,金融机构功能不完备,金融基础设施不配套,有关扶持政策不到位等问题。在这种情况下,加快推进农村金融体制改革与创新,不断完善农村金融服务体系,对促进黑龙江省农村经济社会的和谐发展具有重大影响。
本文以农村金融发展理论为理论研究依据,分析黑龙江省金融需求的特征和金融供给现状,着重针对现行的农村金融供给状况及存在的问题,进行了深入的理论和现实分析。分析发现黑龙江省存在农村金融机构功能定位不明确,农村金融服务功能整体弱化等问题。具体表现在县以下金融机构数量和业务快速萎缩;农村资金逆向向城市流动,导致城乡差距越拉越大;农村金融服务整体上不能满足“三农”的要求。我们通过对美国、日本和印度的农村金融制度进行分析,在借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,提出了黑龙江省支持农业发展的金融有效供给对策。其中包括打造多层次、广覆盖、可持续的农村金融体系,积极推进农村金融创新,加强扶持政策,沟通协调,重点是构建激励有效、协调配套的长效扶持机制。
The government work report in 2007 suggested that the construction of modern agriculture is the important foundation and the primary task for building of new socialist countryside. The development of modern agriculture is a huge systematic project that must have a comprehensive, multi-level system of financial support as a basis. Since reform and opening up, agricultural economy has been growing rapidly in Heilongjiang Province. However, due to weak agricultural foundation, poor self-accumulation for farmers and lack of financial support, agricultural production enterprises and farmers are facing shortage of capital investment. Therefore, it is important to establish the rational and effective rural financial supply system to promote rural economic development. At present, the rural financial development has some problems such as imbalances in the allocation of financial resources between urban and rural areas, imperfect rural financial system, and incomplete function to financial institutions. In this case, it is the significant impact to promote the harmonious development of economy and society that accelerate reform and innovation of rural financial system and constantly improve the rural financial service system.
This paper based on the rural financial development theory, analyze the characteristics and the status quo of financial needs supply in rural area in Heilongjiang Province. The article has done a further analysis in theory and practice to the problems of rural financial supply situation. The analysis found the issues that the function of rural financial institutions are not clear and function of rural financial services are weakened.Specific performance is capital flow from countryside to city and large gap between urban and rural areas. Financial services in rural areas can not adapt the rural economic development. We propose the financial effective supply countermeasures on supporting agricultural development through analyzing the financial system of the United States, Japan and India and drawing on existing research results. The countermeasures include creating the structure of multi-level, wide coverage, sustainable rural financial system, actively promoting rural financial innovation, strengthening the policy support, making good communication and coordination and building incentive and effective long-term support mechanisms.
本文以农村金融发展理论为理论研究依据,分析黑龙江省金融需求的特征和金融供给现状,着重针对现行的农村金融供给状况及存在的问题,进行了深入的理论和现实分析。分析发现黑龙江省存在农村金融机构功能定位不明确,农村金融服务功能整体弱化等问题。具体表现在县以下金融机构数量和业务快速萎缩;农村资金逆向向城市流动,导致城乡差距越拉越大;农村金融服务整体上不能满足“三农”的要求。我们通过对美国、日本和印度的农村金融制度进行分析,在借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,提出了黑龙江省支持农业发展的金融有效供给对策。其中包括打造多层次、广覆盖、可持续的农村金融体系,积极推进农村金融创新,加强扶持政策,沟通协调,重点是构建激励有效、协调配套的长效扶持机制。
The government work report in 2007 suggested that the construction of modern agriculture is the important foundation and the primary task for building of new socialist countryside. The development of modern agriculture is a huge systematic project that must have a comprehensive, multi-level system of financial support as a basis. Since reform and opening up, agricultural economy has been growing rapidly in Heilongjiang Province. However, due to weak agricultural foundation, poor self-accumulation for farmers and lack of financial support, agricultural production enterprises and farmers are facing shortage of capital investment. Therefore, it is important to establish the rational and effective rural financial supply system to promote rural economic development. At present, the rural financial development has some problems such as imbalances in the allocation of financial resources between urban and rural areas, imperfect rural financial system, and incomplete function to financial institutions. In this case, it is the significant impact to promote the harmonious development of economy and society that accelerate reform and innovation of rural financial system and constantly improve the rural financial service system.
This paper based on the rural financial development theory, analyze the characteristics and the status quo of financial needs supply in rural area in Heilongjiang Province. The article has done a further analysis in theory and practice to the problems of rural financial supply situation. The analysis found the issues that the function of rural financial institutions are not clear and function of rural financial services are weakened.Specific performance is capital flow from countryside to city and large gap between urban and rural areas. Financial services in rural areas can not adapt the rural economic development. We propose the financial effective supply countermeasures on supporting agricultural development through analyzing the financial system of the United States, Japan and India and drawing on existing research results. The countermeasures include creating the structure of multi-level, wide coverage, sustainable rural financial system, actively promoting rural financial innovation, strengthening the policy support, making good communication and coordination and building incentive and effective long-term support mechanisms.
引文
应寅锋.2006.国外的农村金融.北京:中国社会出版社,2-3
戈德史密斯.1994.金融结构与金融发展.上海人民出版社,189-190.
吴晨映. 2007.金融支持新农村建设存在的问题和对策.河南教育学院学报(哲学社科学版).(6):102-104
李庆军.2007.新农村建设中的金融支持问题分析.商丘师范学院学报.(11):96-97
应寅锋.2006.国外的农村金融.北京:中国社会出版社,115-116
刘锡良.2006.中国转型期农村金融体系研究.北京:中国金融出版社,123-124
温伟胜.2003.WTO与农村金融改革.广州:中山大学出版社,30-31
郭宝林.2007.新农村建设中的农村金融问题研究.财会研究.(8):79-80
白钦先,徐爱田,王小兴.2006.各国农业政策性金融体制比较.北京:中国金融出版社,11-29
边编,王朝阳.2008.国外农村金融发展的经验和启示.中国发展研究.(11):56-58
孙艳英.2007.我国农村经济发展的金融支持研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,24-26
朱佶.2007.中国农村经济发展的金融支持研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,35-38
姚耀军.2005.转型中的我国农村金融发展研究.浙江大学博士论文,12-27
康书生,鲍静海,李巧莎.2006.外国农业发展的金融支持——经验及启示.国际金融研究.(7):11-17
涂洪伟.2007.完善东北地区农村金融体系的研究.东北师范大学硕士论文,22-27
曾新胜.2007.发展农村金融支持的国际借鉴.国际经济合作.(5):90—94
韩俊.2006.推进新农村建设需要把握的几个重大问题.改革.(3):6-8
官兵. 2006.分工视角:中国农村金融发展理论分析.现代财经.(1):16-19
黄光伟.2007.改善农村金融供给的策略.银行家(5):44-45
臧景范.2006.关于农村合作金融的改革、监管与发展问题.中国金融.(20):40-42
肖玉红.2007.国际农业保险模式:对中国农业保险制度的启示.湖北行政学院学报.(3):37-40
康书生,鲍静海,李巧莎.2006.外国农业发展的金融支持—经验及启示.国际金融研究.(7):11-17
宋磊,王家传. 2006.基于金融功能论视角的农村金融市场资金供求状况分析.济南金融. (12):52-55
周建松,陶永诚.2007.基于农村金融平衡视角下的邮政金融制度安排.东北财经大学学报.(2):17-21
王醒男.2006.基于需求与发展视角的农村金融改革逻辑再考.金融研究.(7):53-64
谢伟,燕东勇.2005.建设农村金融生态环境的思考.济南金融.(11):24-26
郭建伟,冯宗宪.2006.农村金融机构建设:国际经验和启示.中国金融.(21):49-50
张瑞怀,张强. 2007.农村金融生态研究:一个新制度经济学的分析框架.金融理论与实践. (2):13-15
周立.2007.农村金融市场四大问题及共演化逻辑.财贸经济.(2):56-63
刘碧君.2006.农村金融体系创新与制度安排.经济研究参考.(13):34-38
郭晓鸣.2005.农村金融:现实挑战与发展选择.经济学家.(3):107-112
熊德平.2007.农村金融与农村金融发展:基于交易视角的概念重构.财经理论与实践.(2):8-12
于奎.2006.农村金融制度创新与城乡和谐市场构建.经济经纬.(2):143-145
冯文丽,董经纬. 2007.农业保险功效研究.浙江金融.(5):33-38
高彦彬.2006.农业保险市场失灵的经济学分析.东北大学学报(社会科学版).(6):422-425
周庭煌,周智立,姜天鹰,咎剑飞.2006.从需求的角度重造农村政策性金融.上海金融.(3):28-31
李艳红.2007.对我国农村金融体制改革的思考.金融教学与研究.(3):21-24
Anacleti K.Kashuliza.2002.Perception and role informal rural finance in developing countries: the example of Tanzania .Available online
Chochoe and Imad.A.Moosa.Financial system and economic growth: The Korean Experience.World Development, Vo1.27.No.6: 1069-1082
Fry.M.J.1981.Savoing Investment, Growth and the cost of Financial Reperssion.World Development Galbis Vicente.1997.Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth in Less Developed Countries: A Theoretical Approach Journal of Development Studies
Kellee S. Tsai.2004.Imperfect Substitutes: The Local Political Economy of Informal Finance and Microfinance in Rural China and India. Available online
Mohsin S.Khan and Abdelhak S.2000.Senhadji Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Overview .IMF Working Paper
戈德史密斯.1994.金融结构与金融发展.上海人民出版社,189-190.
吴晨映. 2007.金融支持新农村建设存在的问题和对策.河南教育学院学报(哲学社科学版).(6):102-104
李庆军.2007.新农村建设中的金融支持问题分析.商丘师范学院学报.(11):96-97
应寅锋.2006.国外的农村金融.北京:中国社会出版社,115-116
刘锡良.2006.中国转型期农村金融体系研究.北京:中国金融出版社,123-124
温伟胜.2003.WTO与农村金融改革.广州:中山大学出版社,30-31
郭宝林.2007.新农村建设中的农村金融问题研究.财会研究.(8):79-80
白钦先,徐爱田,王小兴.2006.各国农业政策性金融体制比较.北京:中国金融出版社,11-29
边编,王朝阳.2008.国外农村金融发展的经验和启示.中国发展研究.(11):56-58
孙艳英.2007.我国农村经济发展的金融支持研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,24-26
朱佶.2007.中国农村经济发展的金融支持研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,35-38
姚耀军.2005.转型中的我国农村金融发展研究.浙江大学博士论文,12-27
康书生,鲍静海,李巧莎.2006.外国农业发展的金融支持——经验及启示.国际金融研究.(7):11-17
涂洪伟.2007.完善东北地区农村金融体系的研究.东北师范大学硕士论文,22-27
曾新胜.2007.发展农村金融支持的国际借鉴.国际经济合作.(5):90—94
韩俊.2006.推进新农村建设需要把握的几个重大问题.改革.(3):6-8
官兵. 2006.分工视角:中国农村金融发展理论分析.现代财经.(1):16-19
黄光伟.2007.改善农村金融供给的策略.银行家(5):44-45
臧景范.2006.关于农村合作金融的改革、监管与发展问题.中国金融.(20):40-42
肖玉红.2007.国际农业保险模式:对中国农业保险制度的启示.湖北行政学院学报.(3):37-40
康书生,鲍静海,李巧莎.2006.外国农业发展的金融支持—经验及启示.国际金融研究.(7):11-17
宋磊,王家传. 2006.基于金融功能论视角的农村金融市场资金供求状况分析.济南金融. (12):52-55
周建松,陶永诚.2007.基于农村金融平衡视角下的邮政金融制度安排.东北财经大学学报.(2):17-21
王醒男.2006.基于需求与发展视角的农村金融改革逻辑再考.金融研究.(7):53-64
谢伟,燕东勇.2005.建设农村金融生态环境的思考.济南金融.(11):24-26
郭建伟,冯宗宪.2006.农村金融机构建设:国际经验和启示.中国金融.(21):49-50
张瑞怀,张强. 2007.农村金融生态研究:一个新制度经济学的分析框架.金融理论与实践. (2):13-15
周立.2007.农村金融市场四大问题及共演化逻辑.财贸经济.(2):56-63
刘碧君.2006.农村金融体系创新与制度安排.经济研究参考.(13):34-38
郭晓鸣.2005.农村金融:现实挑战与发展选择.经济学家.(3):107-112
熊德平.2007.农村金融与农村金融发展:基于交易视角的概念重构.财经理论与实践.(2):8-12
于奎.2006.农村金融制度创新与城乡和谐市场构建.经济经纬.(2):143-145
冯文丽,董经纬. 2007.农业保险功效研究.浙江金融.(5):33-38
高彦彬.2006.农业保险市场失灵的经济学分析.东北大学学报(社会科学版).(6):422-425
周庭煌,周智立,姜天鹰,咎剑飞.2006.从需求的角度重造农村政策性金融.上海金融.(3):28-31
李艳红.2007.对我国农村金融体制改革的思考.金融教学与研究.(3):21-24
Anacleti K.Kashuliza.2002.Perception and role informal rural finance in developing countries: the example of Tanzania .Available online
Chochoe and Imad.A.Moosa.Financial system and economic growth: The Korean Experience.World Development, Vo1.27.No.6: 1069-1082
Fry.M.J.1981.Savoing Investment, Growth and the cost of Financial Reperssion.World Development Galbis Vicente.1997.Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth in Less Developed Countries: A Theoretical Approach Journal of Development Studies
Kellee S. Tsai.2004.Imperfect Substitutes: The Local Political Economy of Informal Finance and Microfinance in Rural China and India. Available online
Mohsin S.Khan and Abdelhak S.2000.Senhadji Financial Development and Economic Growth: An Overview .IMF Working Paper