东营凹陷北带中段沙四段层序地层及沉积相研究
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摘要
本论文以东营凹陷北带中段古近系沙四上亚段为主要研究对象,利用地震、测井、录井、岩心以及分析化验等资料对本区目的层段进行层序地层和沉积相进行研究。
综合地震、测井资料,在识别层序界面的基础上,将沙四上亚段自下而上依此划分为5个四级层序(SQ-1、SQ-2、SQ-3、SQ-4、SQ-5),每个层序以发育上升半旋回为特征。在此基础上,进行了地层的对比,建立了本区目的层段等时地层格架。
根据相标志,结合单井相和剖面相划分,在研究区沙四上亚段识别出近岸水下扇、湖泊相和滑塌浊积扇等沉积相类型。
通过岩性分布和地震反射特征的研究,结合沉积背景分析,认为本区共发育T174井区、T175井区、T75井区、T154井区四个北部物源区。
利用砂岩百分比、地震相和地震属性相的平面分布,结合物源分析成果,综合分析了研究区各四级层序的沉积相展布。近岸水下扇在胜北断层上升盘广泛发育,规模大,并具有继承性发育的特点,滑塌浊积扇由近岸水下扇供源,主要发育在胜北断层下降盘,发育位置不固定,东西摆动、迁移频繁。在整个沙四上沉积期,由SQ-1到SQ-5,近岸水下扇逐渐向北部边缘迁移,浊积扇规模逐渐变小,形成明显的退积式沉积演化特征;各层序内部也具有退积式沉积特点,反映了湖盆间歇式扩张的沉积演化过程。
扇体沉积主要受到了古沟道和断层的控制。在古沟道前方,扇体发育规模大,呈现沟扇对应的特点,且大沟对大扇、小沟对小扇;同时,胜北断层分隔了不同类型的的扇体,其上盘近岸水下扇广泛发育,下盘水深迅速增加,上盘上的不稳定沉积物沿陡的侵断层面向下搬运滑塌,形成滑塌浊积扇。
The sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of Upper Es4 of Paleogene in the middle section of north region of Dongying depreesion have been studied using seismic, well logging, mud logging, testing data and core information.
Upper Es4 can be divided into five fourth-order sequences(SQ-1、SQ-2、SQ-3、SQ-4、SQ-5) according to the sequence boundaries recognized by methods of classic sequence stratigraphy using both well logging data and seismic data. Each sequence develops at the half cycle of increasing. On the basis of the fourth-order sequence framework, the short-term base-level cycles are subdivided and correlated by drilling, well logging and 3D seismic data. In the end , the isochronous stratigraphic framework is established.
There are three types of sedimentary facies developed in the Upper Es4 including nearshore subaqueous fan, lacustrine facies and slump turbidite fan which are indicated by sedimentary facies marks of both petrology and geophysics as well as the analysis of single-well facies and cross-sectional facies.
Four provenances lying in the north of the study area are analyzed by the characteristics of lithology distributions and seismic reflections under the sedimentary background which include well blocks of Tuo174 Tuo175, Tuo75 and Tuo154.
The characteristics and distributions of sedimentary facies of upper Es4 are summarized in light of the horizontal distributions of sand-ground ratio, seismic facies and seismic attribute. It is considered that large-scale nearshore subaqueous fans spread widely at the up thrown block of Shengbei fault with the nature of succession, while turbidite fans developed at the downthrow wall swinging from side to side with frequent migration. Both the nearshore subaqueous fans and the internal sequences themselves show an evident retrogradation depositional trend as the fans moved to the north margin during the deposition period of upper Es4. This suggests an intermitted lake expansion.
The fan distribution was determined by the paleo-channel and fault. Wherever there was a channel, there was a fan, to be more specific, large fan responded to large channel and small fan responded to small channel. Moreover, the fault controlled the types of fans. At the up thrown block of Shengbei fault, large-scale nearshore subaqueous fans are developed. At the downthrow wall, the instable sediments at the up thrown block are transported along the steep fault plane, which produce slump turbidite fans.
综合地震、测井资料,在识别层序界面的基础上,将沙四上亚段自下而上依此划分为5个四级层序(SQ-1、SQ-2、SQ-3、SQ-4、SQ-5),每个层序以发育上升半旋回为特征。在此基础上,进行了地层的对比,建立了本区目的层段等时地层格架。
根据相标志,结合单井相和剖面相划分,在研究区沙四上亚段识别出近岸水下扇、湖泊相和滑塌浊积扇等沉积相类型。
通过岩性分布和地震反射特征的研究,结合沉积背景分析,认为本区共发育T174井区、T175井区、T75井区、T154井区四个北部物源区。
利用砂岩百分比、地震相和地震属性相的平面分布,结合物源分析成果,综合分析了研究区各四级层序的沉积相展布。近岸水下扇在胜北断层上升盘广泛发育,规模大,并具有继承性发育的特点,滑塌浊积扇由近岸水下扇供源,主要发育在胜北断层下降盘,发育位置不固定,东西摆动、迁移频繁。在整个沙四上沉积期,由SQ-1到SQ-5,近岸水下扇逐渐向北部边缘迁移,浊积扇规模逐渐变小,形成明显的退积式沉积演化特征;各层序内部也具有退积式沉积特点,反映了湖盆间歇式扩张的沉积演化过程。
扇体沉积主要受到了古沟道和断层的控制。在古沟道前方,扇体发育规模大,呈现沟扇对应的特点,且大沟对大扇、小沟对小扇;同时,胜北断层分隔了不同类型的的扇体,其上盘近岸水下扇广泛发育,下盘水深迅速增加,上盘上的不稳定沉积物沿陡的侵断层面向下搬运滑塌,形成滑塌浊积扇。
The sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of Upper Es4 of Paleogene in the middle section of north region of Dongying depreesion have been studied using seismic, well logging, mud logging, testing data and core information.
Upper Es4 can be divided into five fourth-order sequences(SQ-1、SQ-2、SQ-3、SQ-4、SQ-5) according to the sequence boundaries recognized by methods of classic sequence stratigraphy using both well logging data and seismic data. Each sequence develops at the half cycle of increasing. On the basis of the fourth-order sequence framework, the short-term base-level cycles are subdivided and correlated by drilling, well logging and 3D seismic data. In the end , the isochronous stratigraphic framework is established.
There are three types of sedimentary facies developed in the Upper Es4 including nearshore subaqueous fan, lacustrine facies and slump turbidite fan which are indicated by sedimentary facies marks of both petrology and geophysics as well as the analysis of single-well facies and cross-sectional facies.
Four provenances lying in the north of the study area are analyzed by the characteristics of lithology distributions and seismic reflections under the sedimentary background which include well blocks of Tuo174 Tuo175, Tuo75 and Tuo154.
The characteristics and distributions of sedimentary facies of upper Es4 are summarized in light of the horizontal distributions of sand-ground ratio, seismic facies and seismic attribute. It is considered that large-scale nearshore subaqueous fans spread widely at the up thrown block of Shengbei fault with the nature of succession, while turbidite fans developed at the downthrow wall swinging from side to side with frequent migration. Both the nearshore subaqueous fans and the internal sequences themselves show an evident retrogradation depositional trend as the fans moved to the north margin during the deposition period of upper Es4. This suggests an intermitted lake expansion.
The fan distribution was determined by the paleo-channel and fault. Wherever there was a channel, there was a fan, to be more specific, large fan responded to large channel and small fan responded to small channel. Moreover, the fault controlled the types of fans. At the up thrown block of Shengbei fault, large-scale nearshore subaqueous fans are developed. At the downthrow wall, the instable sediments at the up thrown block are transported along the steep fault plane, which produce slump turbidite fans.
引文
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[2] Vail P R, Michum R M, Thonoson S.Seismic Stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy. part1: Seismic stratigraphy interpratition procedure [J].American Association of petroleum Geiligists,studies in geology,1987,27:1-10.
[3] Galloway W E genetic stratigraphy sequence in basin analysis 1: Architecture and genesis of flooding-sueface bounded depositional units [J]. AAPG Bull.1989, 73:125-142.
[4] Johnson J H Kalaper G North American mid-continent Devonian T-R cycles [J].O-Klahoma geological Survey Bulletin, 1992, 145:127-135.
[5]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派—高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(5):1-4.
[6]魏魁生,徐怀打,叶淑芬.鄂尔多斯盆地北部下古生界层序地层分析[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):129-135.
[7]朱筱敏,王贵文,谢庆宾.塔里木盆地志留系层序地层特征[J].古地理学报,2001,3(2):65-71.
[8]梅冥相等.上扬子区寒武系的层序地层格架——寒武纪生物多样性事件形成背景的思考[J].地质学杂志,2007,31(1):65-7.
[9]宋国奇.济阳坳陷下第三系湖相沉积的层序地层学分析[J].现代地质,1993,7(1):20-29.
[10]魏魁生,徐怀大.二连盆地白垩系非海相沉积层序地层特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1994,19(2):182-193.
[11]张希明.塔里木盆地北部陆相层序地层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5):24-28.
[12]冯有良.东营凹陷下第三系层序地层格架及盆地充填模式[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1999,24(6):636-642.
[13]纪友亮等.冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷古近系层序地层学及演化模式[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):398-406.
[14]沈守文等.层序地层学预测隐蔽油气藏的原理和方法[J].地球学报,2000,21(3):301-305.
[15]陈洪德,覃建雄,田景春,彭军,侯中健.右江盆地层序格架中的生储盖组合特征及勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):216-220.
[16]冯友良,李思田.东营凹陷沙河街组三段层序低位域砂体沉积特征[J].地质论评,2001,47(3):279-286.
[17]石世革.黄骅坳陷板桥凹陷古近系沙一段中部层序地层学研究与岩性油气藏勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):321-325.
[18]汪彦,彭军,游李伟等.中国高分辨率层序地层学研究现状[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(3):352-356.
[19]刘宗堡,马世忠,孙雨等.三肇凹陷葡萄花油层高分辨率层序地层划分及沉积相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):399-406.
[20]方勇,邓宏文,郝雪峰等.东营三角洲高频旋回划分与浊积砂体预测[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):504-507.
[21]祁华忠等.高分辨率层序地层学及砂体展布规律研究实例[J].天然气工业,2008,28(4):43-45.
[22]邱桂强.陆相断陷盆地高精度层序地层研究现状与思路[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(3):1-8.
[23] H.G.里丁.沉积环境和相[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[24]尹太举,张昌民,李中超.东营凹陷滑塌浊积岩沉积特征及油气勘探技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(1):93-98.
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