基于协同理论的供应链共生关系研究
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摘要
随着世界经济全球化进程的加速,市场竞争愈发激烈,企业之间的关系也变得越来越密切。供应链管理作为一种能够有效整合资源、降低内耗、提高效率和优化利益的管理方法,已经成为当前企业管理的主流模式。众多管理者们纷纷调整新的企业竞争与合作战略,希望能够实现供应链管理的最终目标。但在实际的供应链运营管理过程中,由于成员企业是在价值取向、经营理念和企业文化等方面存在诸多差异的独立经济个体,总是会产生各种问题和矛盾来阻碍系统整体利益的优化,导致企业之间“合作共赢”的局面始终无法形成。如何真正实现供应链利益的最优化,实现系统整体的稳定和发展,已成为企业管理者们首要解决的一个难题。
本文将供应链中的企业关系视为一种共生关系,利用共生理论从生态学的角度来对供应链管理进行研究。重点是根据共生理论中特有的行为模式和组织模式的划分条件对各类供应链中的企业关系进行准确的定位,指出各自的特点,并进一步对其稳定和发展的条件进行分析。同时,本文选择两种特定的供应链共生关系模式,利用供应链协同管理的相关理论对其进行深入的分析。在这一过程中,本文结合相关理论和实际情况提出了一体化均衡互惠共生的概念以及协同分类和共生模式分类比较分析的方法。通过对供应链共生关系的研究,可以帮助人们加深对企业关系的了解,掌握维护企业关系稳定和发展的特征和条件。希望本文的这些研究尝试和结论能为企业在供应链关系管理等方面的分析研究提供一些有用的借鉴和指导。
As the economy globalization became faster, with market competition be drastic increasingly, the relationship between enterprises has become chummy more and more. Supply-chain management as a method of integrating resources, reducing friction, increasing efficiency and optimizing benefit, has become the primary model of business management. Many managers adjust the strategies of enterprise competition and cooperation in order to achieve the target. However, because the enterprises with membership are economic individuals that had the difference in value orientation, management theory and corporate culture, etc., it always has various problem and c conflict to hinder the goal of optimizing system global interests, synchronously, it also influences the course of "win-win" situation in supple-chain. How to achieve the economy optimization as well as stabilization and development is the principal problem for managers.
This paper took the enterprise relationship in supply-chain as the symbiotic relationship, using symbiotic theory to study supply chain management from the perspective of ecology. The focus of this paper is located the enterprise relationship in supply-chain accurately based on the unique conditions of the organization division mode and behavior division mode of symbiosis theory, pointed out their characteristics, and analysis the conditions of stability and development. Meanwhile, the research selected two specific supply-chain symbiotic relationship model, analysis more deeply by combining the theory of collaborative management. In this process, this paper put forward the concept of incorporate& balanced- reciprocal symbiotic mode and the comparative analysis method of collaborative classification and symbiotic mode classification. By the research of symbiotic relationship of supply-chain, it can help the people to deepen their understanding of the enterprise relationship, grasp the conditions and characteristics of the stability and development of enterprise relationship. It is hoped that the attempt and conclusion of this paper can provided some useful reference and direction of analyzing and researching on field about the management of supply-chain relationship
本文将供应链中的企业关系视为一种共生关系,利用共生理论从生态学的角度来对供应链管理进行研究。重点是根据共生理论中特有的行为模式和组织模式的划分条件对各类供应链中的企业关系进行准确的定位,指出各自的特点,并进一步对其稳定和发展的条件进行分析。同时,本文选择两种特定的供应链共生关系模式,利用供应链协同管理的相关理论对其进行深入的分析。在这一过程中,本文结合相关理论和实际情况提出了一体化均衡互惠共生的概念以及协同分类和共生模式分类比较分析的方法。通过对供应链共生关系的研究,可以帮助人们加深对企业关系的了解,掌握维护企业关系稳定和发展的特征和条件。希望本文的这些研究尝试和结论能为企业在供应链关系管理等方面的分析研究提供一些有用的借鉴和指导。
As the economy globalization became faster, with market competition be drastic increasingly, the relationship between enterprises has become chummy more and more. Supply-chain management as a method of integrating resources, reducing friction, increasing efficiency and optimizing benefit, has become the primary model of business management. Many managers adjust the strategies of enterprise competition and cooperation in order to achieve the target. However, because the enterprises with membership are economic individuals that had the difference in value orientation, management theory and corporate culture, etc., it always has various problem and c conflict to hinder the goal of optimizing system global interests, synchronously, it also influences the course of "win-win" situation in supple-chain. How to achieve the economy optimization as well as stabilization and development is the principal problem for managers.
This paper took the enterprise relationship in supply-chain as the symbiotic relationship, using symbiotic theory to study supply chain management from the perspective of ecology. The focus of this paper is located the enterprise relationship in supply-chain accurately based on the unique conditions of the organization division mode and behavior division mode of symbiosis theory, pointed out their characteristics, and analysis the conditions of stability and development. Meanwhile, the research selected two specific supply-chain symbiotic relationship model, analysis more deeply by combining the theory of collaborative management. In this process, this paper put forward the concept of incorporate& balanced- reciprocal symbiotic mode and the comparative analysis method of collaborative classification and symbiotic mode classification. By the research of symbiotic relationship of supply-chain, it can help the people to deepen their understanding of the enterprise relationship, grasp the conditions and characteristics of the stability and development of enterprise relationship. It is hoped that the attempt and conclusion of this paper can provided some useful reference and direction of analyzing and researching on field about the management of supply-chain relationship
引文
1《中华人民共和国国家标准物流术语》基本概念术语3-29,何明珂,邬跃,牟惟仲等,2008;
2 Supply Chain Operations Reference model,即供应链流程参考模型,Pittiglio Rabin Todd & McGrath (PRTM), AMR Research,1996。
1 efficient consumer response,即有效客户反应,KSA,1993。
1 Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment,即协同、规划、预测和补货,Warnemark, Warner-Lambert, SAP, Manugistics, Benchmarking Partners,1995。
[1] Ravi Kalakota. Electronic commerce: a manager’s guide[M].Libraries worldwide,1997.
[2] Chopras.供应链管理——战略、规划与运营[M].北京:社会科学出版社,2003.
[3]马士华.供应链管理(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[4] David Anderson. Collaborative Supply Chain: the new front [M].1999.
[5]展舸.建立协同采购[J].世界经济人文摘,2002,01.
[6]邹辉霞.供应链协同管理理论与方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2 007.
[7] Lewis. Responses of a coral associated crustacean community to entrophication[J]. Mar.Biol,101:249-257.
[8] Outlines of the history of medicine and medical profession[M]. Libraries worldwide,1972.
[9] Froseh.R, Gallopoulos.N. Strategies for manufacturing[J]. Scientific American,1989(3).
[10]袁纯清.共生理论——兼论小型经济[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 1998.
[11]吴飞驰.企业的共生理论[D].天津:南开大学, 2001.
[12]程大涛.基于共生理论的企业集群组织研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2003.
[13]赵红.生态智慧型企业共生体行为方式及其共生经济效益[J].中国管理科学,2004,06:24.
[14] L. Margulis, R. Fester. Symbiosis as a source of Evolutionary Innovation [M]. MIT Press, 1991.
[15] Ehap H S,Benita M B A multi-objective approach to simultaneous strategic and operational planning in supply chain design[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2000,(28): 581-598.
[16]张珊红.基于共生理论的供应链合作利益分配机制研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[17]刘子新.基于共生理论视角的企业联盟稳定性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[18] Towill D, Naim N, Wikner J. Industrial dynamics simulation models in design of supply chain[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and logisitics Management 1992, (22): 3-13.
[19] Dyer J H, Singh H. The relational view: cooperative strategy and source of inter-organization competitive advantage [J]. Academy of Management Review, 998, 23(4):660-679.
[20]高萌泽.企业集群共生演化模型及其机理的研究[D].北京:北京大学,2008.
[21] A. E. D. Symbiotic Interactions[M]. Oxford University Press, 1994.
[22]邹辉霞.供应链物流管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[23]丁钟霞.基于CPFR的供应链模型及其关键影响因素研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[24]舒彤.供应链协同的供应商选择与销售预测[D].长沙:湖南大学, 2008.
[25] Sliwa C. CPFR clamor perisists, but adoption remains slow [J]. Computer world, 2002 ,36(27): 23-29.
[26] Lee H. L, Billinston C. The revolution of supply-chain management models and practice at Hewlett-Packard, Interfaces [J]. Supply-chain Management, 1995, 5: 42-43.
[27] Katz M, Klaris A, Bobbin S C, CPFR Moving Beyond of VMI[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution& Logistics Management, 2004, 41(9): 90-94.
[28]刁节文,王波.供应链管理下的VMI与CPFR比较研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)2007,12(6):87-90.
[29]胡文卿,霍佳震.基于SCOR模型的供应链流程管理架构研究[J].物流技术,2006,3:144-146.
[30]程婧.分布式供应链系统的协调优化方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
[31]刘永胜.供应链协调理论与方法[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2006.
[32]孙天琦.合作竞争型准市场组织的发展与产业组织结构的演进[J].经济评论,2001,4:61-63.
[33]凌丹.基于共生理论的供应链联盟研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[34]何明珂.物流系统论[M].北京:高等出版社,2004.
[35]赵秋红,汪寿阳,黎建强.物流管理中的优化方法与应用分析[M].北京:科学出版社2006.
[38]朱玉强.上下游生态企业共生关系的博弈分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[39] Dagnino,g.b.,Padula,G.Coopetition. Strategy:A new kind of iterfirm dynamics for value creatutuon[J]. Innovative Research in Managemnent,2002,VOL.(5):9-11.
[40]迈克尔.波特.竞争战略:分析产业和竞争的技巧[M].北京:华夏出版社, 1997.
[41] V. Ahmadjian. Symbiosis: an Introduction to Biological Association [M]. University Press of New England, 1986.
[42]杰弗里·舒曼,贾尼丝·通布利,戴维·罗滕贝格.协同共赢:用合作关系满足客户的个性化需求[M].北京:机械出版社,2004.
[43]郭莉.工业共生进化及其技术动因研究[D].大连:连理工大学, 2005.
[44]杜栋.协同管理系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.
[45]吴文东.面向生态工业园的工业共生体成长建模及其共生效率评价[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[46]郑晓军.民营企业共生激励及模式研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2007.
[47] Fichtner W I. Tietze- Sotockinger, O.Rentz. Industrial symbiosis networks and their classification and Urban Planning[J], 1998(42):237-257.
[48]徐光华.基于共生理论的企业战略绩效评价研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2007.
2 Supply Chain Operations Reference model,即供应链流程参考模型,Pittiglio Rabin Todd & McGrath (PRTM), AMR Research,1996。
1 efficient consumer response,即有效客户反应,KSA,1993。
1 Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment,即协同、规划、预测和补货,Warnemark, Warner-Lambert, SAP, Manugistics, Benchmarking Partners,1995。
[1] Ravi Kalakota. Electronic commerce: a manager’s guide[M].Libraries worldwide,1997.
[2] Chopras.供应链管理——战略、规划与运营[M].北京:社会科学出版社,2003.
[3]马士华.供应链管理(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[4] David Anderson. Collaborative Supply Chain: the new front [M].1999.
[5]展舸.建立协同采购[J].世界经济人文摘,2002,01.
[6]邹辉霞.供应链协同管理理论与方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2 007.
[7] Lewis. Responses of a coral associated crustacean community to entrophication[J]. Mar.Biol,101:249-257.
[8] Outlines of the history of medicine and medical profession[M]. Libraries worldwide,1972.
[9] Froseh.R, Gallopoulos.N. Strategies for manufacturing[J]. Scientific American,1989(3).
[10]袁纯清.共生理论——兼论小型经济[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 1998.
[11]吴飞驰.企业的共生理论[D].天津:南开大学, 2001.
[12]程大涛.基于共生理论的企业集群组织研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2003.
[13]赵红.生态智慧型企业共生体行为方式及其共生经济效益[J].中国管理科学,2004,06:24.
[14] L. Margulis, R. Fester. Symbiosis as a source of Evolutionary Innovation [M]. MIT Press, 1991.
[15] Ehap H S,Benita M B A multi-objective approach to simultaneous strategic and operational planning in supply chain design[J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2000,(28): 581-598.
[16]张珊红.基于共生理论的供应链合作利益分配机制研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[17]刘子新.基于共生理论视角的企业联盟稳定性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[18] Towill D, Naim N, Wikner J. Industrial dynamics simulation models in design of supply chain[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and logisitics Management 1992, (22): 3-13.
[19] Dyer J H, Singh H. The relational view: cooperative strategy and source of inter-organization competitive advantage [J]. Academy of Management Review, 998, 23(4):660-679.
[20]高萌泽.企业集群共生演化模型及其机理的研究[D].北京:北京大学,2008.
[21] A. E. D. Symbiotic Interactions[M]. Oxford University Press, 1994.
[22]邹辉霞.供应链物流管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[23]丁钟霞.基于CPFR的供应链模型及其关键影响因素研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[24]舒彤.供应链协同的供应商选择与销售预测[D].长沙:湖南大学, 2008.
[25] Sliwa C. CPFR clamor perisists, but adoption remains slow [J]. Computer world, 2002 ,36(27): 23-29.
[26] Lee H. L, Billinston C. The revolution of supply-chain management models and practice at Hewlett-Packard, Interfaces [J]. Supply-chain Management, 1995, 5: 42-43.
[27] Katz M, Klaris A, Bobbin S C, CPFR Moving Beyond of VMI[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution& Logistics Management, 2004, 41(9): 90-94.
[28]刁节文,王波.供应链管理下的VMI与CPFR比较研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)2007,12(6):87-90.
[29]胡文卿,霍佳震.基于SCOR模型的供应链流程管理架构研究[J].物流技术,2006,3:144-146.
[30]程婧.分布式供应链系统的协调优化方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
[31]刘永胜.供应链协调理论与方法[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2006.
[32]孙天琦.合作竞争型准市场组织的发展与产业组织结构的演进[J].经济评论,2001,4:61-63.
[33]凌丹.基于共生理论的供应链联盟研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[34]何明珂.物流系统论[M].北京:高等出版社,2004.
[35]赵秋红,汪寿阳,黎建强.物流管理中的优化方法与应用分析[M].北京:科学出版社2006.
[38]朱玉强.上下游生态企业共生关系的博弈分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[39] Dagnino,g.b.,Padula,G.Coopetition. Strategy:A new kind of iterfirm dynamics for value creatutuon[J]. Innovative Research in Managemnent,2002,VOL.(5):9-11.
[40]迈克尔.波特.竞争战略:分析产业和竞争的技巧[M].北京:华夏出版社, 1997.
[41] V. Ahmadjian. Symbiosis: an Introduction to Biological Association [M]. University Press of New England, 1986.
[42]杰弗里·舒曼,贾尼丝·通布利,戴维·罗滕贝格.协同共赢:用合作关系满足客户的个性化需求[M].北京:机械出版社,2004.
[43]郭莉.工业共生进化及其技术动因研究[D].大连:连理工大学, 2005.
[44]杜栋.协同管理系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.
[45]吴文东.面向生态工业园的工业共生体成长建模及其共生效率评价[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[46]郑晓军.民营企业共生激励及模式研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2007.
[47] Fichtner W I. Tietze- Sotockinger, O.Rentz. Industrial symbiosis networks and their classification and Urban Planning[J], 1998(42):237-257.
[48]徐光华.基于共生理论的企业战略绩效评价研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2007.