蔬菜废弃物厌氧消化产酸特性及回流调控研究
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摘要
中国是世界上蔬菜产量最大的国家,部分蔬菜会在收获、储存和运输等过程中损失而成为蔬菜废弃物。该有机废弃物含水量高且有机物含量高,填埋处理会产生渗滤液而造成环境污染。厌氧消化是处理蔬菜废弃物的理想选择之一,可以实现蔬菜废弃物的减量化和能源化。
采用全混式和固定床生物膜反应器组成的两相系统对蔬菜厌氧消化产沼气过程进行研究。在有机负荷1.3、1.7、2.1g VS/L/d和2.6g VS/L/d下运行,考察有机负荷对发酵过程稳定性和产气的影响。有机负荷增加至2.6g VS/L/d时,酸化反应器发酵液的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和CODcr浓度分别维持在8500mg/L和20000mg/L左右,与前一阶段相比并没有随着有机负荷提高而提高,且VS浓度达到20g/L,这些结果表明该有机负荷下水解受到抑制。
实验中引入甲烷反应器出水回流至酸化反应器来促进蔬菜水解。结果显示甲烷反应器出水回流能有效缓解挥发性脂肪酸的抑制并起到稀释和调节pH值作用,尤其是在高有机负荷下对酸化反应器中底物酸化和沼气产量有明显促进作用。实验还研究了回流比对两相蔬菜厌氧消化性能的影响,该系统在有机负荷1.7g VS/L/d的条件下增大回流比为0、0.6、1和1.4,使酸化反应器日产气量提高,同时pH值从约5.1上升至6.7。这说明甲烷反应器带有一定碱度的出水回流有助于酸化反应器创造一个适宜环境产沼气,同时酸化反应器中发酵液CODcr浓度减小是由于回流的稀释作用。本实验中在回流比0.6条件下可促进酸化过程,但需要注意的是一个比较大回流比1.4会导致酸化和甲烷反应器之间的传质加强,造成反应系统运行不稳定。
为了提高两相厌氧系统运行稳定性,将系统的甲烷反应器有效体积为4L和7L配比,在回流比0.8和1.6条件下考察反应器运行情况。结果表明在有机负荷为2.6g VS/L/d下回流对蔬菜废弃物厌氧消化的性能有明显促进作用。有机负荷提高到3.0g VS/L/d后,没有回流的系统中酸化反应器VS浓度达到50g/L左右,出料中有机固体进入甲烷反应器而导致其酸化,最终整个发酵过程失败。酸化和甲烷反应器分别为3L/4L组成的系统且回流比1.6的甲烷反应器发酵液中TVFA/TIC比值增加至约0.5,这表明产甲烷化即将发生的酸化而使系统厌氧消化过程受到抑制。3L/7L组成的系统延长了甲烷化的水力停留时间而有助于挥发性脂肪酸转化,提高了系统的甲烷产生和有机物降解效率。
蔬菜废弃物单相厌氧消化中添加餐厨垃圾使产气量和甲烷产率增加。对蔬菜废弃物的单相和两相厌氧消化之间的差异进行比较表明两相系统可在更高的有机负荷下稳定运行。
China is a large vegetable producing country. However, some parts of produced vegetable are lost as waste throughout the vegetable supply chain, which includes collection, storage and transportation. Vegetable waste (VW) is often a source of nuisance as leachate when it is disposed in landfills because of its high moisture and organic contents. Anaerobic digestion is an alternative technology for treatment in consideration of solids reduction and energy recovery.
A two-stage anaerobic digestion system consisting of CSTR and fixed-bed biofilm reactor was used in the experiments. To investigate effects of OLRs on two-stage anaerobic digestion, the systems were operated at four different OLRs of1.3,1.7,2.1g VS/L/d and2.6g VS/L/d. The results showed that with increasing OLRs to2.6g VS/L/d, total volatile fatty acid concentration and CODcr concentration in acidogenic reactor was maintained at about8500mg/L and20000mg/L, whereas VS content sharply increased to20g/L. It has been revealed that inhibition of hydrolysis in acidogenic reactor occured.
The effluent recirculation from methanogenic reactor to acidogenic reactor was introduced to improve hydrolysis. Effluent recirculation showed a considerable positive effect on alleviating VFA inhibition and improving biogas production in acidogenic reactor because of the effect of dilution and pH adjustment, particularly at high OLRs. The effects of recirculation rate (RR) on the performance of two-stage VW anaerobic digestion were also investigated. The system was continuously operated at an organic loading rate of1.7g VS/L/d with varying RRs (0,0.6,1, and1.4). Results demonstrated that biogas production in acidogenic reactor increased, when pH value is increased from approximately5.1to6.7. This increase indicates that recirculation of alkaline effluent from the methanogenic reactor helps create a favorable condition for biogas production in the acidogenic reactor. The decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations was also observed in the acidogenic reactor. This condition may be attributed to dilution under recirculation. Meanwhile, the process of acidogenesis was stimulated by an RR of0.6. The dynamics between hydrolysis and methanogenesis under recirculation indicated that the mass transfer capacity between the two-stage reactors improved. It was note that a relatively high recirculation rate would cause disproportionate increase in the effective loading rate of the methanogenic reactor and interactively give rise to a progressive increase in the organic output concentration and decline in the performance.
To improve the performance of VW in two-stage anaerobic systems under high organic loading rate, the acidogenic reactors were accompanied by a serial methanogenic reactors configuration with volume distribution ratio of4L and7L, and recirculation rate of0.8and1.6. The results showed that recirculation improved performance of VW anaerobic digestion under OLR of2.6g VS/L/d. The organic load pulses were introduced to compare stability of the processes and to study behavior of the serial systems. The VS content was sharply increased to50g/L in the acidogenic reactor of system control without recirculation. The output of the acidogenic reactor was fed directly to the methanogenic reactor, which led to acidification and overall process failure. TVFA/TIC of methanogenic reactor in3 L/4L configuration with RR of1.6increased to about0.5, which indicated a potential imminent failure of the methanogenic process. The methanogenic reactor in3L/7L configuration helped utilizing VFA produced from overloading in the acidogenic reactor, which improved CH4production and conversion efficiency of the system.
The anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste was performed at various OLRs in single-stage with food waste (FW) addition. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of VW to FW resulted in an increase in biogas yield and methane yield. The single-and two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste was compared, which indicated that two-stage digestion presented more stable operation and higher OLR treatment capacity.
采用全混式和固定床生物膜反应器组成的两相系统对蔬菜厌氧消化产沼气过程进行研究。在有机负荷1.3、1.7、2.1g VS/L/d和2.6g VS/L/d下运行,考察有机负荷对发酵过程稳定性和产气的影响。有机负荷增加至2.6g VS/L/d时,酸化反应器发酵液的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和CODcr浓度分别维持在8500mg/L和20000mg/L左右,与前一阶段相比并没有随着有机负荷提高而提高,且VS浓度达到20g/L,这些结果表明该有机负荷下水解受到抑制。
实验中引入甲烷反应器出水回流至酸化反应器来促进蔬菜水解。结果显示甲烷反应器出水回流能有效缓解挥发性脂肪酸的抑制并起到稀释和调节pH值作用,尤其是在高有机负荷下对酸化反应器中底物酸化和沼气产量有明显促进作用。实验还研究了回流比对两相蔬菜厌氧消化性能的影响,该系统在有机负荷1.7g VS/L/d的条件下增大回流比为0、0.6、1和1.4,使酸化反应器日产气量提高,同时pH值从约5.1上升至6.7。这说明甲烷反应器带有一定碱度的出水回流有助于酸化反应器创造一个适宜环境产沼气,同时酸化反应器中发酵液CODcr浓度减小是由于回流的稀释作用。本实验中在回流比0.6条件下可促进酸化过程,但需要注意的是一个比较大回流比1.4会导致酸化和甲烷反应器之间的传质加强,造成反应系统运行不稳定。
为了提高两相厌氧系统运行稳定性,将系统的甲烷反应器有效体积为4L和7L配比,在回流比0.8和1.6条件下考察反应器运行情况。结果表明在有机负荷为2.6g VS/L/d下回流对蔬菜废弃物厌氧消化的性能有明显促进作用。有机负荷提高到3.0g VS/L/d后,没有回流的系统中酸化反应器VS浓度达到50g/L左右,出料中有机固体进入甲烷反应器而导致其酸化,最终整个发酵过程失败。酸化和甲烷反应器分别为3L/4L组成的系统且回流比1.6的甲烷反应器发酵液中TVFA/TIC比值增加至约0.5,这表明产甲烷化即将发生的酸化而使系统厌氧消化过程受到抑制。3L/7L组成的系统延长了甲烷化的水力停留时间而有助于挥发性脂肪酸转化,提高了系统的甲烷产生和有机物降解效率。
蔬菜废弃物单相厌氧消化中添加餐厨垃圾使产气量和甲烷产率增加。对蔬菜废弃物的单相和两相厌氧消化之间的差异进行比较表明两相系统可在更高的有机负荷下稳定运行。
China is a large vegetable producing country. However, some parts of produced vegetable are lost as waste throughout the vegetable supply chain, which includes collection, storage and transportation. Vegetable waste (VW) is often a source of nuisance as leachate when it is disposed in landfills because of its high moisture and organic contents. Anaerobic digestion is an alternative technology for treatment in consideration of solids reduction and energy recovery.
A two-stage anaerobic digestion system consisting of CSTR and fixed-bed biofilm reactor was used in the experiments. To investigate effects of OLRs on two-stage anaerobic digestion, the systems were operated at four different OLRs of1.3,1.7,2.1g VS/L/d and2.6g VS/L/d. The results showed that with increasing OLRs to2.6g VS/L/d, total volatile fatty acid concentration and CODcr concentration in acidogenic reactor was maintained at about8500mg/L and20000mg/L, whereas VS content sharply increased to20g/L. It has been revealed that inhibition of hydrolysis in acidogenic reactor occured.
The effluent recirculation from methanogenic reactor to acidogenic reactor was introduced to improve hydrolysis. Effluent recirculation showed a considerable positive effect on alleviating VFA inhibition and improving biogas production in acidogenic reactor because of the effect of dilution and pH adjustment, particularly at high OLRs. The effects of recirculation rate (RR) on the performance of two-stage VW anaerobic digestion were also investigated. The system was continuously operated at an organic loading rate of1.7g VS/L/d with varying RRs (0,0.6,1, and1.4). Results demonstrated that biogas production in acidogenic reactor increased, when pH value is increased from approximately5.1to6.7. This increase indicates that recirculation of alkaline effluent from the methanogenic reactor helps create a favorable condition for biogas production in the acidogenic reactor. The decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations was also observed in the acidogenic reactor. This condition may be attributed to dilution under recirculation. Meanwhile, the process of acidogenesis was stimulated by an RR of0.6. The dynamics between hydrolysis and methanogenesis under recirculation indicated that the mass transfer capacity between the two-stage reactors improved. It was note that a relatively high recirculation rate would cause disproportionate increase in the effective loading rate of the methanogenic reactor and interactively give rise to a progressive increase in the organic output concentration and decline in the performance.
To improve the performance of VW in two-stage anaerobic systems under high organic loading rate, the acidogenic reactors were accompanied by a serial methanogenic reactors configuration with volume distribution ratio of4L and7L, and recirculation rate of0.8and1.6. The results showed that recirculation improved performance of VW anaerobic digestion under OLR of2.6g VS/L/d. The organic load pulses were introduced to compare stability of the processes and to study behavior of the serial systems. The VS content was sharply increased to50g/L in the acidogenic reactor of system control without recirculation. The output of the acidogenic reactor was fed directly to the methanogenic reactor, which led to acidification and overall process failure. TVFA/TIC of methanogenic reactor in3 L/4L configuration with RR of1.6increased to about0.5, which indicated a potential imminent failure of the methanogenic process. The methanogenic reactor in3L/7L configuration helped utilizing VFA produced from overloading in the acidogenic reactor, which improved CH4production and conversion efficiency of the system.
The anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste was performed at various OLRs in single-stage with food waste (FW) addition. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of VW to FW resulted in an increase in biogas yield and methane yield. The single-and two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste was compared, which indicated that two-stage digestion presented more stable operation and higher OLR treatment capacity.
引文
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