氮素营养对小白菜体内抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响
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摘要
提高蔬菜体内抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、多酚和类黄酮等具抗氧化作用的生物活性物质含量,不仅可以增强植物本身对各种环境胁迫的抗性,而且可以增进人体的健康。因此,通过生物技术和农艺措施提高蔬菜抗氧化物质的含量具有重要的意义。蔬菜体内的的生物活性物质含量和抗氧化活性不但与其自身的遗传因素有关,还受到光照、温度、水分、施肥和栽培措施以及食前加工方法等因素的影响,其中氮素营养对抗坏血酸、多酚、类黄酮等抗氧化物质含量有显著影响。但以往关于氮素营养对蔬菜抗氧化物质含量影响的研究结果不尽一致,而且大多仅仅测定了不同氮素营养供应下蔬菜体内某种单一抗氧化物质的含量,对于多种生物活性物质的综合影响与总抗氧化活性结合起来研究尚少见报道。本研究以两个小白菜品种为材料,采用水培和土培试验研究了不同氮素供应水平、形态以及氮肥用量对其体内AsA、GSH、多酚、类黄酮等生物活性物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响,旨在为生产优质蔬菜的氮肥施用提供依据。取得的主要结果如下:
1.采用水培试验,研究了不同供氮养水平(2、10、18、26 mmol·L~(-1))对2个小白菜(Brassica Chinensis L.)品种(苏州青和冬妃)抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,适宜的供氮水平(10 mmol·L~(-1)),有利于小白菜生物量的增加,但供氮过高却降低小白菜的生物量,并导致硝酸盐的积累。在氮亏缺条件下(2 mmol·L~(-1)),类黄酮、总酚、抗坏血酸等抗氧化物质含量以及FRAP(Ferric reducing antioxidant power)值和DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除率最高,随着供氮水平的提高,抗氧化物质含量和总抗氧化活性均随之下降,而谷胱甘肽浓度没有显著变化。但是在氮水平为10 mmol·L~(-1)时,生物量和抗氧化物质积累量最高。因此,综合考虑小白菜的产量与营养品质,在供氮水平为10 mmol·L~(-1)的溶液培养条件下,可获得较高的产量,并同时兼顾其营养品质。
2.采用4种氮形态比例(硝铵比分别为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75)对2个小白菜品种(苏州青和冬妃)抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明随着营养液中硝铵比从100∶0降低为75∶25时,地上部鲜重和干重显著升高,进一步降低硝铵比则显著下降。小白菜体内抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽含量、类黄酮、多酚等抗氧化物质含量以及FRAP值和DPPH自由基清除率均随着混合氮源中供铵比例的提高逐渐升高,以硝铵比25∶75处理最高;硝酸盐含量随着混合氮源中供铵比例的提高而显著降低。而硝铵比为75∶25时不仅可以显著降低硝酸盐含量,而且其生物量和各种抗氧化物质积累量最高。因此,在本试验条件下,综合考虑小白菜的产量和营养品质因素,营养液中硝铵比以75∶25为宜。
3.采用土培试验,研究了3个氮肥用量(0、150、300 mg N·kg~(-1)土)对2个小白菜品种(苏州青和冬妃)抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥用量从0 mg N·kg~(-1)提高150 mg N·kg~(-1),2个品种的鲜重和干重显著升高,进一步提高氮肥用量则显著下降。叶片和叶柄硝酸盐含量随着氮肥用量显著上升,而在高氮条件下冬妃的硝酸盐含量显著低于苏州青。在氮亏缺条件下,类黄酮、总酚、抗坏血酸等抗氧化物质含量以及FRAP值和DPPH自由基清除率最高,随着氮肥用量的提高,抗氧化物质含量和总抗氧化活性均随之下降,而谷胱甘肽浓度没有变化。但是在150 mg N·kg~(-1)土的施氮量条件下,抗氧化物质积累量最高。因此,在试验的土培条件下,150 mgN·kg~(-1)的氮肥施用量下可获得产量和品质兼顾的优质蔬菜。
Public awareness of the purported health benefits of dietary antioxidants.such as ascorbic acid(AsA),vitamin E,phenolics,carotinoids,flavonoids and glutathione(GSH)has increased the demand for vegetable products with recognized and improved antioxidants quality.Therefore,the pathways that improve the synthesis of these compounds may yield benefits as widespread as improved plant stress tolerance and improved human physical and mental health. As we known,besides the genetic factor,the contents of the phytochemicals above were also affected by many environmental factors,e.g.light,temperature,water, fertilization and cooking processes.Hereinto,nitrogen nutrition has remarkable effects on the accumulation of AsA,phenolics,flavonoids and GSH in plants. Previous researches were conducted on the effects of nitrogen nutrition supply levels on the content of antioxidant substances in plants,however,these results were different and were limited to the content of phytochemicals,while its effect on antioxidative activities was not analyzed.In our reaseach,two cultivars of Chinese cabbage(Brassica Chinensis L.)were employed to investigate the effects of nitrogen supply levels and different NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratios on the contents of AsA, total phenolics,flavonoids,GSH,FRAP(Ferric reducing antioxidant power)value and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)radical scavenging rate.
1.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen levels(2,10,18 and 26 mmol.L~(-1))on the antioxidants contents and antioxidative activities in two cultivars(SZQ and DF)of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Chinensis L.).Results showed that appropriate nitrogen supply level(10 mmol.L~(-1))facilitated to increase the plants biomass,but superfluous nitrogen supply decreased them.The nitrate content in plants increased obviously along with the increase of nitrogen supply.Highest contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics,flavonoid,and DPPH radical scavenging rate and FRAP value were recorded when nitrogen deficient(2 mmol.L~(-1)).The contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidative activities were markedly decreased by the increases of nitrogen level,while GSH was not affected.However,the highest antioxidants accumulation were founded at the nitrogen level of 10 mmol.L~(-1). Therefore,the nitrogen level of 10 mmol.L~(-1)might be the optimal nitrogen level for production of both high-yield and high-quality vegetable under this experimental condition
2.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratios(100:0,75:25,50:50 and 25:75)on the antioxdant contents and antioxidative activities in two cultivars(SZQ and DF)of Chinese cabbage(Brassica Chinensis L.).As the results shown,the fresh biomass and dry weight of Chinese cabbage were significantly increased when NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratio 100:0 was replaced by the treatment of NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratio 75:25,while keep increase the scale of ammonium in the nutrient solution inhibited them. Furthermore,the content of ascorbic acid,GSH,flavonoids and total phenolics of Chinese cabbage were enhanced with the increase of ammonium ratio,while nitrate content was decreased.In a word,the lowest conent of nitrate and highest biomass and antioxidant accumulation were founded at NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratio of 75:25, hence,it should be optimal for the aim of yield and quality.
3.A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates(0,150 and 300 mg N·kg~(-1)soil)on the antioxidant contents and antioxidative activities in two cultivars(SZQ and DF)of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Chinensis L.).Results showed that fresh and dry weights of shoots were markedly increased by by increasing nitrogen rate from 0 mg N·kg~(-1)to 150 mg N·kg~(-1),and were siginicantly decreased with further increasing nitrogen rate. Nitrate contents in leaf and petiole increased with increasing N rate.Higher nitrate contents were observed in cultivar of SZQ than that of DF.Highest contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics,flavonoid,and DPPH radical scaveging rate and FRAP value were recorded in the control treatment(0 mg N·kg~(-1)).The contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidative activities were markedly decreased by the increases of nitrogen supply,while GSH was not affected.However,the highest antioxidant accumulation were founded at the application rate of 150 mg N·kg~(-1)soil.Therefore,the rate of 150 mg N·kg~(-1)might be the optimal nitrogen application rate for production of both high-yield and high-quality vegetable under this experimental condition.
1.采用水培试验,研究了不同供氮养水平(2、10、18、26 mmol·L~(-1))对2个小白菜(Brassica Chinensis L.)品种(苏州青和冬妃)抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,适宜的供氮水平(10 mmol·L~(-1)),有利于小白菜生物量的增加,但供氮过高却降低小白菜的生物量,并导致硝酸盐的积累。在氮亏缺条件下(2 mmol·L~(-1)),类黄酮、总酚、抗坏血酸等抗氧化物质含量以及FRAP(Ferric reducing antioxidant power)值和DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除率最高,随着供氮水平的提高,抗氧化物质含量和总抗氧化活性均随之下降,而谷胱甘肽浓度没有显著变化。但是在氮水平为10 mmol·L~(-1)时,生物量和抗氧化物质积累量最高。因此,综合考虑小白菜的产量与营养品质,在供氮水平为10 mmol·L~(-1)的溶液培养条件下,可获得较高的产量,并同时兼顾其营养品质。
2.采用4种氮形态比例(硝铵比分别为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75)对2个小白菜品种(苏州青和冬妃)抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明随着营养液中硝铵比从100∶0降低为75∶25时,地上部鲜重和干重显著升高,进一步降低硝铵比则显著下降。小白菜体内抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽含量、类黄酮、多酚等抗氧化物质含量以及FRAP值和DPPH自由基清除率均随着混合氮源中供铵比例的提高逐渐升高,以硝铵比25∶75处理最高;硝酸盐含量随着混合氮源中供铵比例的提高而显著降低。而硝铵比为75∶25时不仅可以显著降低硝酸盐含量,而且其生物量和各种抗氧化物质积累量最高。因此,在本试验条件下,综合考虑小白菜的产量和营养品质因素,营养液中硝铵比以75∶25为宜。
3.采用土培试验,研究了3个氮肥用量(0、150、300 mg N·kg~(-1)土)对2个小白菜品种(苏州青和冬妃)抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥用量从0 mg N·kg~(-1)提高150 mg N·kg~(-1),2个品种的鲜重和干重显著升高,进一步提高氮肥用量则显著下降。叶片和叶柄硝酸盐含量随着氮肥用量显著上升,而在高氮条件下冬妃的硝酸盐含量显著低于苏州青。在氮亏缺条件下,类黄酮、总酚、抗坏血酸等抗氧化物质含量以及FRAP值和DPPH自由基清除率最高,随着氮肥用量的提高,抗氧化物质含量和总抗氧化活性均随之下降,而谷胱甘肽浓度没有变化。但是在150 mg N·kg~(-1)土的施氮量条件下,抗氧化物质积累量最高。因此,在试验的土培条件下,150 mgN·kg~(-1)的氮肥施用量下可获得产量和品质兼顾的优质蔬菜。
Public awareness of the purported health benefits of dietary antioxidants.such as ascorbic acid(AsA),vitamin E,phenolics,carotinoids,flavonoids and glutathione(GSH)has increased the demand for vegetable products with recognized and improved antioxidants quality.Therefore,the pathways that improve the synthesis of these compounds may yield benefits as widespread as improved plant stress tolerance and improved human physical and mental health. As we known,besides the genetic factor,the contents of the phytochemicals above were also affected by many environmental factors,e.g.light,temperature,water, fertilization and cooking processes.Hereinto,nitrogen nutrition has remarkable effects on the accumulation of AsA,phenolics,flavonoids and GSH in plants. Previous researches were conducted on the effects of nitrogen nutrition supply levels on the content of antioxidant substances in plants,however,these results were different and were limited to the content of phytochemicals,while its effect on antioxidative activities was not analyzed.In our reaseach,two cultivars of Chinese cabbage(Brassica Chinensis L.)were employed to investigate the effects of nitrogen supply levels and different NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratios on the contents of AsA, total phenolics,flavonoids,GSH,FRAP(Ferric reducing antioxidant power)value and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)radical scavenging rate.
1.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen levels(2,10,18 and 26 mmol.L~(-1))on the antioxidants contents and antioxidative activities in two cultivars(SZQ and DF)of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Chinensis L.).Results showed that appropriate nitrogen supply level(10 mmol.L~(-1))facilitated to increase the plants biomass,but superfluous nitrogen supply decreased them.The nitrate content in plants increased obviously along with the increase of nitrogen supply.Highest contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics,flavonoid,and DPPH radical scavenging rate and FRAP value were recorded when nitrogen deficient(2 mmol.L~(-1)).The contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidative activities were markedly decreased by the increases of nitrogen level,while GSH was not affected.However,the highest antioxidants accumulation were founded at the nitrogen level of 10 mmol.L~(-1). Therefore,the nitrogen level of 10 mmol.L~(-1)might be the optimal nitrogen level for production of both high-yield and high-quality vegetable under this experimental condition
2.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratios(100:0,75:25,50:50 and 25:75)on the antioxdant contents and antioxidative activities in two cultivars(SZQ and DF)of Chinese cabbage(Brassica Chinensis L.).As the results shown,the fresh biomass and dry weight of Chinese cabbage were significantly increased when NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratio 100:0 was replaced by the treatment of NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratio 75:25,while keep increase the scale of ammonium in the nutrient solution inhibited them. Furthermore,the content of ascorbic acid,GSH,flavonoids and total phenolics of Chinese cabbage were enhanced with the increase of ammonium ratio,while nitrate content was decreased.In a word,the lowest conent of nitrate and highest biomass and antioxidant accumulation were founded at NO_3~-:NH_4~+ ratio of 75:25, hence,it should be optimal for the aim of yield and quality.
3.A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates(0,150 and 300 mg N·kg~(-1)soil)on the antioxidant contents and antioxidative activities in two cultivars(SZQ and DF)of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Chinensis L.).Results showed that fresh and dry weights of shoots were markedly increased by by increasing nitrogen rate from 0 mg N·kg~(-1)to 150 mg N·kg~(-1),and were siginicantly decreased with further increasing nitrogen rate. Nitrate contents in leaf and petiole increased with increasing N rate.Higher nitrate contents were observed in cultivar of SZQ than that of DF.Highest contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics,flavonoid,and DPPH radical scaveging rate and FRAP value were recorded in the control treatment(0 mg N·kg~(-1)).The contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidative activities were markedly decreased by the increases of nitrogen supply,while GSH was not affected.However,the highest antioxidant accumulation were founded at the application rate of 150 mg N·kg~(-1)soil.Therefore,the rate of 150 mg N·kg~(-1)might be the optimal nitrogen application rate for production of both high-yield and high-quality vegetable under this experimental condition.
引文
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