“棘毒净”预防大鼠新疆小花棘豆中毒效果及小花棘豆饲用价值的探究
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摘要
小花棘豆(O.glabra)属于棘豆属(Oxytropis DC.)的一种,是我国西北地区主要的有毒植物。家畜的小花棘豆中毒给当地的畜牧业带来了巨大的经济损失。从草原生态角度来看,其分布密度大其根系发达,抗逆性强,富含粗蛋白、Ca、P含量及蛋白质必需氨基酸组成接近于优质苜蓿草粉,是特定草原生态群落的重要组成部分。鉴于此,小花棘豆的防治必须充分考虑既能有效利用其为畜牧业生产服务,又必须考虑其生态功能,做到综合利用。本研究对本课题组研发的中药解毒剂“棘毒净”进行解毒效果评价,抓住中毒、解毒环节,力求开辟新的防治小花棘豆中毒的途径。粗提了小花棘豆的生物碱对小白鼠进行急性毒性试验;对“棘毒净”的安全性进行评价;构建大白鼠小花棘豆慢性中毒模型,对其脏器系数、饲料利用率、血液学、血液酶学等指标及病变组织进行病理学观察;在成功构建大白鼠小花棘豆慢性中毒的基础上,验证“棘毒净”对大白鼠小花棘豆中毒的解毒效果;分析了新疆小花棘豆的营养成分。取得以下试验结果:
1.新疆小花棘豆对小白鼠的急性毒性研究搞清其对小白鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。通过粗提小花棘豆生物碱,腹腔注射,计算出其对小白鼠的半数致死量,从而推断出小花棘豆粉对小白鼠的半数致死量是48.9~68.9克/千克体重。
2.对“棘毒净”的安全性进行了评定用该药对小白鼠进行急性毒性试验,结果表明“棘毒净号”经口服对小鼠的LD50大于绵羊临床试给药量的10倍,根据药物安全性评价的要求,属安全性大的药物,使用不会引起急性毒性;从临床症状看,随着“棘毒净”剂量的增大,小鼠的饮食、精神状况均无明显的改变。
3.成功构建小花棘豆对大白鼠的慢性毒性模型通过该模型的建立,观察了大白鼠小花棘豆中毒症状;计算了肝、肾、脾等脏器系数以及大鼠的饲料利用率;检测了血液学、血液酶学的系列指标并对病变组织进行了病理学观察。结果表明,中毒组试验中,小花棘豆能够引起大白鼠中毒,主要表现神经机能紊乱,体重下降,肝肾脏器肿大,睾丸、脾脏萎缩;病理学检查肝脏、肾脏等组织器官都出现不同程度的出血、充血、淋巴细胞浸润;肾脏基底膜脱落;血液MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC较对照组普遍下降,说明大鼠小花棘豆中毒后出现不同类型的贫血;AST、ALP活性升高,表明大白鼠采食小花棘豆后,肝脏、肾脏、心脏等受到损伤;血清肌酐值升高,表明肾脏受到损伤; AST、ALP较T Bili能更灵敏的反映肝脏的病变。
4.“棘毒净”大白鼠小花棘豆中毒的预防效果的研究大白鼠腹腔注射该药后,对大白鼠的脏器系数、饲料利用率、血液学、血液酶学、内脏器的组织学进行了考察。结果表明,保护组试验中,“棘毒净”可推迟大白鼠中毒时间达5天;保护组的肝、肾、脾、睾丸等脏器系数较中毒组均有不同程度的改观,趋向良性转轨;保护组较中毒组的食物利用率有所提高;保护组病理学检查肝脏、肾脏等组织器官都出现不同程度的出血、充血;血液MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC普遍高于中毒组,说明“棘毒净”对大鼠起到一定的保护作用;AST、ALP活性及血清肌酐值较中毒组下降,说明“棘毒净”对大鼠的肝肾脏起到一定的保护作用。
5.对小花棘豆的营养成分进行了分析,小花棘豆中硒元素的含量为0.0657±0.0127 mg /kg;粗蛋白含量为12.48±0.20 %,粗脂肪含量为2.25±0.14%,粗纤维含量为25.06±1.48,钙含量为1.44±0.06%,磷含量为0.033±0.00%。
通过上述结果可见“棘毒净”安全性很高,且对大鼠小花棘豆中毒启到一定的保护作用,另外小花棘豆的营养价值相当高,含硒量低,与家畜小花棘豆中毒无关。
O.glabra is one of Oxytropis DC.,which is the main locoweeds respoinsible for livestock poisoning rangelands, distributed in the northwest of China. O.glabra causes large economic casuaty of livestock farming. Considering the grassland ecosystem angle, O.glabra has heavy distribution and prosperous root system, besides strong antireversion force and much of Ca、P and protein closeing to lucerne. O.glabra is the important ingredient of grassland ecological community. So we must consider not only the utilization of livestock farming but also ecosystem function of O.glabra, carrying out comprehensive utilization of O.glabra. This research carrys out the detoxication effect of Jidujing, focusing on elements of toxication and detoxication, hoping to develop new way of prevention and cure O.glabra toxication. Cruding alkaloid of O.glabra, we had the acute toxicity test in alkaloid of O.glabra;Evaluated the safety of“Jidujing”; Construated the model of toxication rats feeded O.glabra, and examined their indexes of organ quots, availability of food, the hematology and blood zymologic indexes and had a serise of pathology observation. On the ground of Construated the model of toxication rats feeded O.glabra , we observed the research of prophylactic effect of Jidujing. We tested the Nutrition Contents of Xinjiang O.glabra . The research. gains a series of results:
1. The acute toxicity research of Xinjiang O.glabra, which shows the LD50 of the mice feeded of O.glabra. Through extracting the alkaloid of O.glabra, the alkaloid of O.glabra was injected into abdominal cavity, and computed the LD50 of the mice injected the alkaloid of O.glabra. The result shows the LD50 of the mice feeded of O.glabra is 48.9~68.9 g/kg weight.
2. The security of Jidujing was evaluated. Through the acute toxicity research of Jidujing, the result shows the LD50 of mice is more 10 times than Ovis aries. On the basis of safety evaluation of drug, it belongs to more safety drug. Generally the acute toxicity can not be caused; According to the clinical symptom, the dose of food and drink of mice has no change , with increasing the dose of Jidujing.
3. Construated the model of toxication rats feeded O.glabra and observed the symptom of rats; calculated the organ quot of liver,kidney,spleen and availability of food; detected the hematology and blood zymologic indexes and had a serise of pathology observation. The result shows O.glabra can cause toxication,which take on confused nervous function, descent weight, turgescence of liver、kidney,depauperation of testis and spleen; the liver,kidney,spleen of are full of hyperemia and hemorrhage in part and lymphocytes are soakage,besides basilar membrane of kidney are desquamated; MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC are smaller than controlled group, which shows there are different anaemia of rats fed O.glabra. AST、ALP and Creatinine are higher than controlled group, which shows that livers、hearts、kindeys are injured. AST、ALP can show the pathological changes of liver than T Bil.
4 The research of prophylactic effect of Jidujing shows that Jidujing can put off the toxication time at least 5 days; that the liver,kidney,spleen of safeguardde groups is better than toxication groups, besides the food availability has been improved in some extent; that the liver,kidney,spleen of safeguarded groups are full of hyperemia and hemorrhage in part; that the MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC of safeguardde groups are higher than toxication groups; that AST、ALP、Creatinine are lower than toxication groups. All that show Jidujing can protect the rats in some extent.
5.The Analyse of Nutrition Contents of Xinjiang O.glabra Through the analyse of nutrition contents, we obtained the follow results: crude protein is 12.48±0.20 %, crude fibre is 25.06±1.48 %, raw fat is 2.25±0.14 %,calcium is 1.44±0.06 %, phosphorus is 0.033±0.00 %, elenium is 0.0657±0.0127 mg/kg.
On the aboved results, we knowed that the security of Jidujing was high, and Jidujing could partly protect the rats poisoned by Xinjiang O.glabra. Besides , The nutritive value of Xinjiang O.glabra was high and was in low of selenium level, which showed the selenium level of Xinjiang O.glabra could not lead to poison of Xinjiang O.glabra.of domestic animals.
1.新疆小花棘豆对小白鼠的急性毒性研究搞清其对小白鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。通过粗提小花棘豆生物碱,腹腔注射,计算出其对小白鼠的半数致死量,从而推断出小花棘豆粉对小白鼠的半数致死量是48.9~68.9克/千克体重。
2.对“棘毒净”的安全性进行了评定用该药对小白鼠进行急性毒性试验,结果表明“棘毒净号”经口服对小鼠的LD50大于绵羊临床试给药量的10倍,根据药物安全性评价的要求,属安全性大的药物,使用不会引起急性毒性;从临床症状看,随着“棘毒净”剂量的增大,小鼠的饮食、精神状况均无明显的改变。
3.成功构建小花棘豆对大白鼠的慢性毒性模型通过该模型的建立,观察了大白鼠小花棘豆中毒症状;计算了肝、肾、脾等脏器系数以及大鼠的饲料利用率;检测了血液学、血液酶学的系列指标并对病变组织进行了病理学观察。结果表明,中毒组试验中,小花棘豆能够引起大白鼠中毒,主要表现神经机能紊乱,体重下降,肝肾脏器肿大,睾丸、脾脏萎缩;病理学检查肝脏、肾脏等组织器官都出现不同程度的出血、充血、淋巴细胞浸润;肾脏基底膜脱落;血液MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC较对照组普遍下降,说明大鼠小花棘豆中毒后出现不同类型的贫血;AST、ALP活性升高,表明大白鼠采食小花棘豆后,肝脏、肾脏、心脏等受到损伤;血清肌酐值升高,表明肾脏受到损伤; AST、ALP较T Bili能更灵敏的反映肝脏的病变。
4.“棘毒净”大白鼠小花棘豆中毒的预防效果的研究大白鼠腹腔注射该药后,对大白鼠的脏器系数、饲料利用率、血液学、血液酶学、内脏器的组织学进行了考察。结果表明,保护组试验中,“棘毒净”可推迟大白鼠中毒时间达5天;保护组的肝、肾、脾、睾丸等脏器系数较中毒组均有不同程度的改观,趋向良性转轨;保护组较中毒组的食物利用率有所提高;保护组病理学检查肝脏、肾脏等组织器官都出现不同程度的出血、充血;血液MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC普遍高于中毒组,说明“棘毒净”对大鼠起到一定的保护作用;AST、ALP活性及血清肌酐值较中毒组下降,说明“棘毒净”对大鼠的肝肾脏起到一定的保护作用。
5.对小花棘豆的营养成分进行了分析,小花棘豆中硒元素的含量为0.0657±0.0127 mg /kg;粗蛋白含量为12.48±0.20 %,粗脂肪含量为2.25±0.14%,粗纤维含量为25.06±1.48,钙含量为1.44±0.06%,磷含量为0.033±0.00%。
通过上述结果可见“棘毒净”安全性很高,且对大鼠小花棘豆中毒启到一定的保护作用,另外小花棘豆的营养价值相当高,含硒量低,与家畜小花棘豆中毒无关。
O.glabra is one of Oxytropis DC.,which is the main locoweeds respoinsible for livestock poisoning rangelands, distributed in the northwest of China. O.glabra causes large economic casuaty of livestock farming. Considering the grassland ecosystem angle, O.glabra has heavy distribution and prosperous root system, besides strong antireversion force and much of Ca、P and protein closeing to lucerne. O.glabra is the important ingredient of grassland ecological community. So we must consider not only the utilization of livestock farming but also ecosystem function of O.glabra, carrying out comprehensive utilization of O.glabra. This research carrys out the detoxication effect of Jidujing, focusing on elements of toxication and detoxication, hoping to develop new way of prevention and cure O.glabra toxication. Cruding alkaloid of O.glabra, we had the acute toxicity test in alkaloid of O.glabra;Evaluated the safety of“Jidujing”; Construated the model of toxication rats feeded O.glabra, and examined their indexes of organ quots, availability of food, the hematology and blood zymologic indexes and had a serise of pathology observation. On the ground of Construated the model of toxication rats feeded O.glabra , we observed the research of prophylactic effect of Jidujing. We tested the Nutrition Contents of Xinjiang O.glabra . The research. gains a series of results:
1. The acute toxicity research of Xinjiang O.glabra, which shows the LD50 of the mice feeded of O.glabra. Through extracting the alkaloid of O.glabra, the alkaloid of O.glabra was injected into abdominal cavity, and computed the LD50 of the mice injected the alkaloid of O.glabra. The result shows the LD50 of the mice feeded of O.glabra is 48.9~68.9 g/kg weight.
2. The security of Jidujing was evaluated. Through the acute toxicity research of Jidujing, the result shows the LD50 of mice is more 10 times than Ovis aries. On the basis of safety evaluation of drug, it belongs to more safety drug. Generally the acute toxicity can not be caused; According to the clinical symptom, the dose of food and drink of mice has no change , with increasing the dose of Jidujing.
3. Construated the model of toxication rats feeded O.glabra and observed the symptom of rats; calculated the organ quot of liver,kidney,spleen and availability of food; detected the hematology and blood zymologic indexes and had a serise of pathology observation. The result shows O.glabra can cause toxication,which take on confused nervous function, descent weight, turgescence of liver、kidney,depauperation of testis and spleen; the liver,kidney,spleen of are full of hyperemia and hemorrhage in part and lymphocytes are soakage,besides basilar membrane of kidney are desquamated; MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC are smaller than controlled group, which shows there are different anaemia of rats fed O.glabra. AST、ALP and Creatinine are higher than controlled group, which shows that livers、hearts、kindeys are injured. AST、ALP can show the pathological changes of liver than T Bil.
4 The research of prophylactic effect of Jidujing shows that Jidujing can put off the toxication time at least 5 days; that the liver,kidney,spleen of safeguardde groups is better than toxication groups, besides the food availability has been improved in some extent; that the liver,kidney,spleen of safeguarded groups are full of hyperemia and hemorrhage in part; that the MCH、WBC、MCV、MCHC of safeguardde groups are higher than toxication groups; that AST、ALP、Creatinine are lower than toxication groups. All that show Jidujing can protect the rats in some extent.
5.The Analyse of Nutrition Contents of Xinjiang O.glabra Through the analyse of nutrition contents, we obtained the follow results: crude protein is 12.48±0.20 %, crude fibre is 25.06±1.48 %, raw fat is 2.25±0.14 %,calcium is 1.44±0.06 %, phosphorus is 0.033±0.00 %, elenium is 0.0657±0.0127 mg/kg.
On the aboved results, we knowed that the security of Jidujing was high, and Jidujing could partly protect the rats poisoned by Xinjiang O.glabra. Besides , The nutritive value of Xinjiang O.glabra was high and was in low of selenium level, which showed the selenium level of Xinjiang O.glabra could not lead to poison of Xinjiang O.glabra.of domestic animals.
引文
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