松针提取液对运动小鼠自由基和糖代谢的影响
|
摘要
众多研究报告，运动会引起体内自由基的大量生成，进而攻击机体生物膜系统，导致细胞结构破坏和功能紊乱。松针提取液是一种高效无毒的天然抗氧化剂，它富含维生素E、维生素C、β-胡萝卜素及黄酮类化合物前花青素等天然抗氧化剂。本实验目的在于揭示松针提取液对运动小鼠的自由基防御体系、运动能力和糖代谢的影响，为松针提取液在运动医学领域应用和运动保健饮料、食品的开发提供实验依据。
实验以昆明种小鼠(雌雄各半)为实验对象，以递增负荷游泳训练方式建立耐力性运动模型。测定心肌组织、肝组织和股四头肌中SOD、MDA、T-AOC，血清LA、LDH、BUN，肝组织和股四头肌糖原。
实验结果表明：(1)大强度耐力训练后，服用松针提取液小鼠的Hb含量有所升高，说明松针提取液可以改善大强度耐力训练后Hb含量降低的现象，使小鼠Hb含量明显上升，提高有氧运动能力。(2)服用松针提取液的小鼠血尿素氮含量明显低于其对照组，说明松针提取液可以降低运动小鼠体内蛋白质分解代谢速率，保持肌力，延缓运动性疲劳的发生。(3)松针提取液可以增加小鼠体内糖储备，保证中枢神经系统、运动肌肉等组织的能量供给，延缓运动性疲劳的发生，提高运动能力。(4)松针提取液对小鼠心脏组织、肝脏组织、肌肉组织都表现出明显的抗脂质过氧化和清除自由基的能力。同时表现出对同一状态下不同组织内同一抗氧化酶活性的影响不同，对同一抗氧化酶在同一组织内不同状态下活性的影响也不同。
结论：松针提取液具有很强的抗脂质过氧化、清除自由基的作用，它可以改善耐力训练对机体产生的某些不良影响，从而提高运动能力。
Many studies show that exercise can cause body to produce lots of free radicals that will attack cellular membrane system and result in the damage of structure and the malfunction of cells. The extract of pine needles is a natural antioxidant that is efficient and non-poisonous. It contains Ve, Vc, a carotene, and many natural antioxidiants such as PCA, a flavone compound. The purpose of this experiment is to discover the effect of the extract of pine needles on swimming rats' free radical defense system, exercise performance, and carbohydrate metabolism, and to provide experimental basis for the utilization of the extract of pine needles in sports medicine and the development of health drinks and food.
Objects of the study are Kunming rats (half male and female) and an endurance exercise model is set up by progressive load swimming training. SOD, MDA, T-AOC in cardiac muscular tissue, hepatic tissue, and musculus quadriceps femoris are tested; LA, LDH, BUN of serum and glycogen in hepatic tissue and musculus quadriceps femoris are tested.
Results of the experiment: (1) After intensive endurance training, Hb of rats taking the extract of pine needles is increased, which indicates that extract of pine needles can promote the decrease of Hb after intensive endurance training and promote aerobic exercise performance. (2) BUN of rats taking the extract of pine needles is obviously less than that of the control group, which shows that the extract of pine needles can slow down rats' metabolism rate of proteolysis, hold myotome and delay exercise-induced fatigue. (3) The extract of pine needles can increase the carbohydrate reserve of rats, guarantee the supply of energy to central nervous system and muscles, delay exercise-induced fatigue., and promote exercise performance. (4) The extract of pine needles has strong actions on antioxidation and clearing free radical in rats' cardiac tissue, hepatic tissue, and muscles. It also has different influence on the activity of the same antioxidase in different tissues under same conditions or that in the same tissue under different conditions.
Conclusions: The extract of pine needles has strong actions on antioxidation and clearing free radical. It can improve the harmful effects caused by intensive endurance exercise on body and promote the capability of exercise.
实验以昆明种小鼠(雌雄各半)为实验对象，以递增负荷游泳训练方式建立耐力性运动模型。测定心肌组织、肝组织和股四头肌中SOD、MDA、T-AOC，血清LA、LDH、BUN，肝组织和股四头肌糖原。
实验结果表明：(1)大强度耐力训练后，服用松针提取液小鼠的Hb含量有所升高，说明松针提取液可以改善大强度耐力训练后Hb含量降低的现象，使小鼠Hb含量明显上升，提高有氧运动能力。(2)服用松针提取液的小鼠血尿素氮含量明显低于其对照组，说明松针提取液可以降低运动小鼠体内蛋白质分解代谢速率，保持肌力，延缓运动性疲劳的发生。(3)松针提取液可以增加小鼠体内糖储备，保证中枢神经系统、运动肌肉等组织的能量供给，延缓运动性疲劳的发生，提高运动能力。(4)松针提取液对小鼠心脏组织、肝脏组织、肌肉组织都表现出明显的抗脂质过氧化和清除自由基的能力。同时表现出对同一状态下不同组织内同一抗氧化酶活性的影响不同，对同一抗氧化酶在同一组织内不同状态下活性的影响也不同。
结论：松针提取液具有很强的抗脂质过氧化、清除自由基的作用，它可以改善耐力训练对机体产生的某些不良影响，从而提高运动能力。
Many studies show that exercise can cause body to produce lots of free radicals that will attack cellular membrane system and result in the damage of structure and the malfunction of cells. The extract of pine needles is a natural antioxidant that is efficient and non-poisonous. It contains Ve, Vc, a carotene, and many natural antioxidiants such as PCA, a flavone compound. The purpose of this experiment is to discover the effect of the extract of pine needles on swimming rats' free radical defense system, exercise performance, and carbohydrate metabolism, and to provide experimental basis for the utilization of the extract of pine needles in sports medicine and the development of health drinks and food.
Objects of the study are Kunming rats (half male and female) and an endurance exercise model is set up by progressive load swimming training. SOD, MDA, T-AOC in cardiac muscular tissue, hepatic tissue, and musculus quadriceps femoris are tested; LA, LDH, BUN of serum and glycogen in hepatic tissue and musculus quadriceps femoris are tested.
Results of the experiment: (1) After intensive endurance training, Hb of rats taking the extract of pine needles is increased, which indicates that extract of pine needles can promote the decrease of Hb after intensive endurance training and promote aerobic exercise performance. (2) BUN of rats taking the extract of pine needles is obviously less than that of the control group, which shows that the extract of pine needles can slow down rats' metabolism rate of proteolysis, hold myotome and delay exercise-induced fatigue. (3) The extract of pine needles can increase the carbohydrate reserve of rats, guarantee the supply of energy to central nervous system and muscles, delay exercise-induced fatigue., and promote exercise performance. (4) The extract of pine needles has strong actions on antioxidation and clearing free radical in rats' cardiac tissue, hepatic tissue, and muscles. It also has different influence on the activity of the same antioxidase in different tissues under same conditions or that in the same tissue under different conditions.
Conclusions: The extract of pine needles has strong actions on antioxidation and clearing free radical. It can improve the harmful effects caused by intensive endurance exercise on body and promote the capability of exercise.
引文
[1]浦钧宗．提高运动能力的某些药物方法及其评估[J] 中国运动医学杂质1990，9(1)：58—60．
[2]李时珍．本草纲目·下册[M]北京：人民卫生出版社，1882-1917．
[3]江苏新医学院．中药大辞典(上册)[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1977．1254．
[4]陈光华．大众医学[J]．1986：(1)：721．
[5]胡丰林．松针的利用价值与分析[J]．生物学杂志，1996：(2)：25
[6]周维书．松针中抗坏血酸的含量测定[J]．药学通报，1987：22(9)：549
[7]李泉开．松针氨基酸成分的研究[J]．中药通报，1988：13(4)：40．
[8]Ibata Koichi [J]. etal. Eur Pat Appl EP, 94, 666 (Cl.C07C33/02) 23 Nov 1983.
[9]Kazimierczak [J]. Acta Biochim Poi 1997; 44(4): 803.
[10]李霞冰．中国松科植物种子油中脂肪酸成分与分布[J]．植物分类学报，1985：23(2)：251．
[11]姜秀莲．红松叶挥发油药理作用的研究[J]．中药通报，1988：13(3)：39．
[12]国家医药管理局中草药情报站[J]．植物有效成分手册．北京：人民卫生出版社，1986．833．
[13]焦勇．中草药[J]，1985：16(11)：45．
[14]胡钧．马尾松松针降血脂作用的研究[J]．浙江中医学院学报，1992：16(3)：30．
[15]胡钧．马尾松松针对果蝇寿命影响[J]．浙江中医学院学报．1992：16(6)：49．
[16]中国肿瘤[J]．1996：4(1)：2(3)：131．
[17]肖靖萍．松针抑菌作用的研究[J]．食品科学，1994：(2)：52．
[18]俞红．松针汁的致突变性研究[J]．贵州医药，1997：21．
[19]陈家英等．松针提取液对小鼠移植性肿瘤及免疫功能的影响[J]．中国传统医学研究，1999：(2)：31．
[20]熊筱梅，郑织霞，张国权．松针的毒性研究[J]．食品科学，1989，(10)：37-38．
[21]唐宝莲．松针开发利用[J]．企业技术开发，1995：(12)：16．
[22]莫简．医用自由基生物学导论[M]．北京：人民卫生出版社，1989年，1-32．
[23]张宜龙．牛磺酸对人体自由基代谢水平和运动能力的影响．[J]．中国运动医学杂志．
[24]陈瑗，周玖．自由基医学[M]．北京：人民军事出版社，1991，13—30．
[25]聂金雷等．运动与抗氧化研究新进展[J]．天津体育学院学报，2000，15(1)：25-28．
[26]Goldforb AH. Nutritional antioxidants as thetapeutic and preven-tive mldalities in wxercise-induced muscle damage[J] Can JAPPL Physiol,1999,24(3):97-100.
[27]张勇等．大鼠力竭性运动后心肌和骨骼肌线粒体膜脂质过氧化水平变化[J]．天津体育学院学报，1994，9(1)：57-64．
[28]时庆德等．疲劳性运动中线粒体电子漏引起质子漏增加[J]．生物化学与生物物理学报，1999，31(1)：97—100．
[29]田野．运动性骨骼肌疲劳机理研究[C]．北京体育大学博士学位论文丛书．
[30]Hough. T. K Ergographic studies in muscular soreness.Am J. Physiol. 7:76-92.
[31]洪长青等．三种训练对大鼠心肌细胞超微结构的影响[J]．浙江体育科学，2000．22(3)：56—58．
[32]张宜龙等．牛磺酸对大鼠急性运动后自由基代谢、膜流动性及钙转运变化的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1999，18(1)：17—21．
[33]熊正英．DTT、Tau和Vc对小鼠运动耐力，心肌自由基代谢及血清GOT活性影响的比较研究[J]．中国运动医学杂志，2001，20(4)：370—372．
[34]曹佩江．健脾生血中药对消除小鼠运动性疲劳的研究[J]．体育与科学，2001，22(5)：51—53．
[35]Simoneau J A, et al. Muscle fiber type, enzyme activities and maximal work of short duration in sedentary male and female subjects. Hermes 1990,21(213):411-21.
[36]Lemon P W R, et al. Effect of initial muscle glycogen levels on protein catabolism during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.1980,48(4):624-9.
[37]Abernethy P J, et al. Acute and chronic responses of skeletal muscle to endurance and spint exercise. Sports Med. 1990,10(6):365-89.
[38]Reynolds A J, et al. Effects of diet and training on muscle glycogen storage and utilization in sled dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.1995,79(5):1601-7.
[39]Abemethy P J, et al. Acute and chromic response of skeletal muscle to resistance exercise. Sports Med.1994,17(1):22-38.
[40]Hargreaves M skeletal skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise.
Aus. J. Sci. Med. Sports 1990,22(2):35-8.
[41]Cogan A R, et al. Plasma glucose kinetics during exercise in subjects with high and low lactate thresholds. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992,73(5):1873-80.
[42]Friedman J E,et al. Regulation of glycogen resynthesis following exercise: dietary considerations. Sports Med. 1991,11(4):232-43.
[43]王竹影．1，6-二磷酸果糖对运动能力及抗疲劳能力的影响[J]．成都体育学院学报，2002：28(3)：94-96．
[44]McCord J M,Fridovich I.The reuction of cytoehrome c by milk xanthing oxidase[J].J Biol Chem,1968.243:5753—5759.
[45]Koppenol WH.A thermodynamic appraisal of the radical sink hypothesis.Free Radic[M].J Biol Med,1993;14:91—94.
[46]Trividi B,et al. Effect of pH on the kinetics of frog muscle phosphofructokinase[J].J Biol Chem,1966.241:4110.
[47]沈同，王镜岩．生物化学(上册，第二版)[M]．北京：高等教育出版社．1990．181．
[48]任建生．长期运动训练对血液流变学的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1996，15(4)：280-282．
[49]杨正红．自由基与组织缺氧—复氧损伤，自由基生命科学进展(第一集)[M]。北京原子能出版社．
[50]Bulkey GB.Pathophysiology of free radical-mediated reporfusion injury[J].J Vasc Sru,1987,5:512.
[51]Chambera DJ,et al.Free radicals and isehemic injury;allopurinol pretreatment or free radical scavengers improve myocardial protection during cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. In Superoxide and superoxide Disonutase in chemistry, Biology and Medicine ced. Rotilio,C,J,Elsevier science publishers, Amsterdam,Now York, Ox ford, 1986:585-587.
[52]Del Maestro RF, et al.An Approach to free radicals in medicine and biology[J].Acta physilo,scand(suppl.),1980,492:153.
[53]Del Maesrto RF, et al.Increase in micro vascular permability induced by enzymalically, generated free radicals(I, In vivo studly).Microvase, Res,1981,22:239.
[54]Werns SW, et al.Free radicals and myocardial inyury; Phamacologic implications[J].Circulation. 1986,74:1.
[55]Kloner RA, Ellis SG,Lange R,et al.Studies of wxperimental coronary artery reperfusion, Effect on entaet size,myocardial function,biochemistry ultrastructure and microvascular damage, circulation, 1983, 68(2Pt2): 8-15.
[56]Kaminishi J.Increase vs,decrease of calciym uptake by isolated bart cells induced by H_2O_2 vs,HOCL[J].Am,J,physiol,1989 256:C598.
[57]郭世炳．运动对小鼠肌肉和肝脏中过氧脂质及还原型谷光甘肽含量的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1992，11(1)：61-62．
[58]杨维益．健脾理气法对骨骼能量代谢影响的研究[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1994，13(1)：28-31．
[59]Appell H, J.Exercise Muscle Damage and Fatigue[J]. Sports Midicine,1992,13(2):108-112.
[60]Jenkins RR, et al. The relationship of oxygen uptade to superoxida dismutase and catalase activity in human muscle[J].Inter J of sports Medicine,1984,95:11-14.
[61]Higudhi M,et al.Superxside dismutase and catalase in skeletal muscle in exereise[J].J.of Geroto,1985,87(7):23-26.
[62]Aiessio HM,Gddfarb AH.Lipid pemxidationand scavenging enzymes during exercise:adaptive response to training[J].J Appl Physiol 1988,64(4):1333-1336.
[2]李时珍．本草纲目·下册[M]北京：人民卫生出版社，1882-1917．
[3]江苏新医学院．中药大辞典(上册)[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1977．1254．
[4]陈光华．大众医学[J]．1986：(1)：721．
[5]胡丰林．松针的利用价值与分析[J]．生物学杂志，1996：(2)：25
[6]周维书．松针中抗坏血酸的含量测定[J]．药学通报，1987：22(9)：549
[7]李泉开．松针氨基酸成分的研究[J]．中药通报，1988：13(4)：40．
[8]Ibata Koichi [J]. etal. Eur Pat Appl EP, 94, 666 (Cl.C07C33/02) 23 Nov 1983.
[9]Kazimierczak [J]. Acta Biochim Poi 1997; 44(4): 803.
[10]李霞冰．中国松科植物种子油中脂肪酸成分与分布[J]．植物分类学报，1985：23(2)：251．
[11]姜秀莲．红松叶挥发油药理作用的研究[J]．中药通报，1988：13(3)：39．
[12]国家医药管理局中草药情报站[J]．植物有效成分手册．北京：人民卫生出版社，1986．833．
[13]焦勇．中草药[J]，1985：16(11)：45．
[14]胡钧．马尾松松针降血脂作用的研究[J]．浙江中医学院学报，1992：16(3)：30．
[15]胡钧．马尾松松针对果蝇寿命影响[J]．浙江中医学院学报．1992：16(6)：49．
[16]中国肿瘤[J]．1996：4(1)：2(3)：131．
[17]肖靖萍．松针抑菌作用的研究[J]．食品科学，1994：(2)：52．
[18]俞红．松针汁的致突变性研究[J]．贵州医药，1997：21．
[19]陈家英等．松针提取液对小鼠移植性肿瘤及免疫功能的影响[J]．中国传统医学研究，1999：(2)：31．
[20]熊筱梅，郑织霞，张国权．松针的毒性研究[J]．食品科学，1989，(10)：37-38．
[21]唐宝莲．松针开发利用[J]．企业技术开发，1995：(12)：16．
[22]莫简．医用自由基生物学导论[M]．北京：人民卫生出版社，1989年，1-32．
[23]张宜龙．牛磺酸对人体自由基代谢水平和运动能力的影响．[J]．中国运动医学杂志．
[24]陈瑗，周玖．自由基医学[M]．北京：人民军事出版社，1991，13—30．
[25]聂金雷等．运动与抗氧化研究新进展[J]．天津体育学院学报，2000，15(1)：25-28．
[26]Goldforb AH. Nutritional antioxidants as thetapeutic and preven-tive mldalities in wxercise-induced muscle damage[J] Can JAPPL Physiol,1999,24(3):97-100.
[27]张勇等．大鼠力竭性运动后心肌和骨骼肌线粒体膜脂质过氧化水平变化[J]．天津体育学院学报，1994，9(1)：57-64．
[28]时庆德等．疲劳性运动中线粒体电子漏引起质子漏增加[J]．生物化学与生物物理学报，1999，31(1)：97—100．
[29]田野．运动性骨骼肌疲劳机理研究[C]．北京体育大学博士学位论文丛书．
[30]Hough. T. K Ergographic studies in muscular soreness.Am J. Physiol. 7:76-92.
[31]洪长青等．三种训练对大鼠心肌细胞超微结构的影响[J]．浙江体育科学，2000．22(3)：56—58．
[32]张宜龙等．牛磺酸对大鼠急性运动后自由基代谢、膜流动性及钙转运变化的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1999，18(1)：17—21．
[33]熊正英．DTT、Tau和Vc对小鼠运动耐力，心肌自由基代谢及血清GOT活性影响的比较研究[J]．中国运动医学杂志，2001，20(4)：370—372．
[34]曹佩江．健脾生血中药对消除小鼠运动性疲劳的研究[J]．体育与科学，2001，22(5)：51—53．
[35]Simoneau J A, et al. Muscle fiber type, enzyme activities and maximal work of short duration in sedentary male and female subjects. Hermes 1990,21(213):411-21.
[36]Lemon P W R, et al. Effect of initial muscle glycogen levels on protein catabolism during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.1980,48(4):624-9.
[37]Abernethy P J, et al. Acute and chronic responses of skeletal muscle to endurance and spint exercise. Sports Med. 1990,10(6):365-89.
[38]Reynolds A J, et al. Effects of diet and training on muscle glycogen storage and utilization in sled dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.1995,79(5):1601-7.
[39]Abemethy P J, et al. Acute and chromic response of skeletal muscle to resistance exercise. Sports Med.1994,17(1):22-38.
[40]Hargreaves M skeletal skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise.
Aus. J. Sci. Med. Sports 1990,22(2):35-8.
[41]Cogan A R, et al. Plasma glucose kinetics during exercise in subjects with high and low lactate thresholds. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992,73(5):1873-80.
[42]Friedman J E,et al. Regulation of glycogen resynthesis following exercise: dietary considerations. Sports Med. 1991,11(4):232-43.
[43]王竹影．1，6-二磷酸果糖对运动能力及抗疲劳能力的影响[J]．成都体育学院学报，2002：28(3)：94-96．
[44]McCord J M,Fridovich I.The reuction of cytoehrome c by milk xanthing oxidase[J].J Biol Chem,1968.243:5753—5759.
[45]Koppenol WH.A thermodynamic appraisal of the radical sink hypothesis.Free Radic[M].J Biol Med,1993;14:91—94.
[46]Trividi B,et al. Effect of pH on the kinetics of frog muscle phosphofructokinase[J].J Biol Chem,1966.241:4110.
[47]沈同，王镜岩．生物化学(上册，第二版)[M]．北京：高等教育出版社．1990．181．
[48]任建生．长期运动训练对血液流变学的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1996，15(4)：280-282．
[49]杨正红．自由基与组织缺氧—复氧损伤，自由基生命科学进展(第一集)[M]。北京原子能出版社．
[50]Bulkey GB.Pathophysiology of free radical-mediated reporfusion injury[J].J Vasc Sru,1987,5:512.
[51]Chambera DJ,et al.Free radicals and isehemic injury;allopurinol pretreatment or free radical scavengers improve myocardial protection during cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. In Superoxide and superoxide Disonutase in chemistry, Biology and Medicine ced. Rotilio,C,J,Elsevier science publishers, Amsterdam,Now York, Ox ford, 1986:585-587.
[52]Del Maestro RF, et al.An Approach to free radicals in medicine and biology[J].Acta physilo,scand(suppl.),1980,492:153.
[53]Del Maesrto RF, et al.Increase in micro vascular permability induced by enzymalically, generated free radicals(I, In vivo studly).Microvase, Res,1981,22:239.
[54]Werns SW, et al.Free radicals and myocardial inyury; Phamacologic implications[J].Circulation. 1986,74:1.
[55]Kloner RA, Ellis SG,Lange R,et al.Studies of wxperimental coronary artery reperfusion, Effect on entaet size,myocardial function,biochemistry ultrastructure and microvascular damage, circulation, 1983, 68(2Pt2): 8-15.
[56]Kaminishi J.Increase vs,decrease of calciym uptake by isolated bart cells induced by H_2O_2 vs,HOCL[J].Am,J,physiol,1989 256:C598.
[57]郭世炳．运动对小鼠肌肉和肝脏中过氧脂质及还原型谷光甘肽含量的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1992，11(1)：61-62．
[58]杨维益．健脾理气法对骨骼能量代谢影响的研究[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1994，13(1)：28-31．
[59]Appell H, J.Exercise Muscle Damage and Fatigue[J]. Sports Midicine,1992,13(2):108-112.
[60]Jenkins RR, et al. The relationship of oxygen uptade to superoxida dismutase and catalase activity in human muscle[J].Inter J of sports Medicine,1984,95:11-14.
[61]Higudhi M,et al.Superxside dismutase and catalase in skeletal muscle in exereise[J].J.of Geroto,1985,87(7):23-26.
[62]Aiessio HM,Gddfarb AH.Lipid pemxidationand scavenging enzymes during exercise:adaptive response to training[J].J Appl Physiol 1988,64(4):1333-1336.