基于DVI接口的彩色AMOLED显示屏外围驱动电路的设计与研究
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摘要
有机发光显示器(OLED)因其具有超薄、主动发光、高亮度、高对比度、宽视角、宽工作温度范围、低功耗、低成本、全固态等优点,成为当今光电显示领域的研究焦点和热点之一。
按照驱动方式的不同,OLED可分为无源驱动(Passive Matrix,PM)和有源驱动(Active Matrix,AM)。AMOLED的驱动技术,正处于各国竞相发展的阶段。虽然如此,但是针对显示数字视频图像的驱动技术还不多见。
鉴于此,本文通过对AMOLED显示驱动技术以及DVI接口技术的深入研究,设计了分辨率为96×3×128的基于DVI接口的AMOLED显示屏的外围驱动电路系统,具体的工作有:
1、通过对DVI接口以及其解码芯片的研究与分析,设计了需要送往FPGA的控制时序和数据信号,以及送达FPGA前数据的缓存方案。
2、对分辨率为96×3×128的AMOLED进行研究,分析其工作原理,建立了产生显示屏所需的各种控制信号和数据信号的算法模型。确定了各控制信号的幅值以及相互之间的时序逻辑关系,以及根据AMOLED显示特性的要求,得到其驱动数据电压的幅度范围;
3、分析研究当前的平板显示器的常用驱动方法,根据所研究的AMOLED的特性和结构,提出针对本设计的灰度产生办法和驱动电路系统结构;
4、利用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的优越特性,设计了一种分辨率为96×3×128的AMOLED的可编程专用集成电路外围驱动芯片,并对设计的芯片进行Verilog仿真验证。
5、设计完成分辨率为96×3×128的AMOLED显示屏的整体外围驱动电路系统。
In modern information society, the display devices play an important role.CRT (cathode ray tube) display has been existed more than 100 years and isfacing the strong challenge from FPD (flat-panel display). LCD (liquid-crystaldisplay) is the dominant FPD technology. Presently, OLED (organiclight-emitting device) display is recognized that it is the most developmentaldisplay technology of next generation by this field, and it become one of thestudy focus and hotspot in the field of photoelectricity display today. Due to highbrightness, high contrast(100:1), full colour, wide visual angle(largest angle to170°), fast response time, high efficiency, low-voltage driving etc, OLED isregarded as the most strongly challenger of LCD. So the peripheral drivingsystem and driving chip is an important and integrant OLED technology. In ageneral way,OLED display according to type of drive classify twain genera:passive type(passive matrix,namely PM-OLED)and active type(active matrix,namely AM-OLED). A 96×3×128 resolution AMOLED has been designed inthis paper. The display's lead lines include 18 analog voltage data and 14 rowand column control signals. Some power signals are also needed.
Many driving IC is designed for the PMOLED currently. There is few ofdriving IC which is designed to drive the AMOLED. And the most of them drivethe displays that display some words, numbers and simple pictures or cartoons.But this can't be satisfied with the expectation to OLED display for people;theyhope they can enjoy the vivid digital video image on the OLED display. Thus theengineer hope to regard the computer that affords digital video image as one ofdata source, make it play synchronously on the OLED display. In order to attainsuch effect, the data transmission from computer to OLED display is veryimportant, DVI interface provides us very large advantage as a new generation ofdigital transmission interface, it has many advantages such as far transmissiondistance, wide data bandwidth and hot plug detection etc. Thus this paperdesigned a chip of driving circuit that can drive the coloured AM-OLED display.The target of this paper is using EDA tools to realize the driving system for the96×3×128 resolution AMOLED display. The system can offer the AMOLEDthe right data and control signals.
1. Universal Project of the driving systemTo realize required functions of this study, the project design is shown infigure1. The FPGA controller gets the display data from the DVI interface byway of SRAM. The data are processed in the FPGA. After enlarging its bits andDAC processing, the data are sent to the AMOLED pixels. The FPGA controller,which is droved by a global clock, will generate the row and line driving signals.These signals must be transformed by DC-DC chip and analog switch chip, sotheir wave shape and meet the use of AMOLED.Figure 1 AMOLED driving system project designThe paper's stress is the design of the outer driving system, which includethe digital circuit portion and the analog circuit portion.The digital portion include FPGA controller, DVI data register (SRAM),Configuration device etc.FPGA controller is the core of the whole design, it offer the OLED displaydata and control signals referencing the control strategy. At the same time, FPGAcan do the data processing work. The OLED display data from DVI interface arestored in the DVI data register. Configuration device match the type of FPGA,the configuration data of FPGA are storied in the configuration device. Whenpowered, FPGA read the configuration data from the configuration device andstore it to its SRAM inherent and begin to have the function as designed.The analog portion includes the DAC module and the voltage convertermodule. The DAC chip translate the digital data output by FPGA into analogvoltage data and transfer them to the OLED pixels. And by the effort of DC-DCconverter and analog switch, the required control signals which have the rightshape and voltage are generated.
2. Main work of the design(1) Through the study and research to DVI interface and decoding chip, attainthe controlling logic and data signal, and the memory project of data beforebeing sent FPGA.(2) Studying the 96×3×128 resolution AMOLED, analyzed its work principle,built the arithmetic model about all kinds of controlling and data signal thatdisplay needs, confirmed the value of controlling signal and its logic eachother, attained the range of the driving data voltage value based on therequest of AMOLED display processing characteristic.(3) Analyzing the common driving method of the plane display today, based onthe characteristic and configuration of the researching AMOLED, offered themethod of gray-scale generation and the system structure of driving circuit.(4) Designed a kind of peripheral driving circuit integrate chip using the superiorcharacteristic, and attained right simulation result by doing much Verilogsimulation to this chip.(5) Completed the whole peripheral driving circuit system of 96×3×128resolution AMOLED display, offered a kind of feasible project for theperipheral driving technology of AMOLED.In this paper we have studied the AMOLED technology and DVI interface.We have designed a peripheral driving system for the 96×3×128 resolutioncoloured AMOLED display based on DVI interface. We have tested the FPGAcontroller by doing much Verilog simulation. We also have designed andanalyzed the hardware system and have gotten the right control signals anddisplay data stream. And our design has met the needs of the 96×3×128resolution AMOLED display.
按照驱动方式的不同,OLED可分为无源驱动(Passive Matrix,PM)和有源驱动(Active Matrix,AM)。AMOLED的驱动技术,正处于各国竞相发展的阶段。虽然如此,但是针对显示数字视频图像的驱动技术还不多见。
鉴于此,本文通过对AMOLED显示驱动技术以及DVI接口技术的深入研究,设计了分辨率为96×3×128的基于DVI接口的AMOLED显示屏的外围驱动电路系统,具体的工作有:
1、通过对DVI接口以及其解码芯片的研究与分析,设计了需要送往FPGA的控制时序和数据信号,以及送达FPGA前数据的缓存方案。
2、对分辨率为96×3×128的AMOLED进行研究,分析其工作原理,建立了产生显示屏所需的各种控制信号和数据信号的算法模型。确定了各控制信号的幅值以及相互之间的时序逻辑关系,以及根据AMOLED显示特性的要求,得到其驱动数据电压的幅度范围;
3、分析研究当前的平板显示器的常用驱动方法,根据所研究的AMOLED的特性和结构,提出针对本设计的灰度产生办法和驱动电路系统结构;
4、利用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的优越特性,设计了一种分辨率为96×3×128的AMOLED的可编程专用集成电路外围驱动芯片,并对设计的芯片进行Verilog仿真验证。
5、设计完成分辨率为96×3×128的AMOLED显示屏的整体外围驱动电路系统。
In modern information society, the display devices play an important role.CRT (cathode ray tube) display has been existed more than 100 years and isfacing the strong challenge from FPD (flat-panel display). LCD (liquid-crystaldisplay) is the dominant FPD technology. Presently, OLED (organiclight-emitting device) display is recognized that it is the most developmentaldisplay technology of next generation by this field, and it become one of thestudy focus and hotspot in the field of photoelectricity display today. Due to highbrightness, high contrast(100:1), full colour, wide visual angle(largest angle to170°), fast response time, high efficiency, low-voltage driving etc, OLED isregarded as the most strongly challenger of LCD. So the peripheral drivingsystem and driving chip is an important and integrant OLED technology. In ageneral way,OLED display according to type of drive classify twain genera:passive type(passive matrix,namely PM-OLED)and active type(active matrix,namely AM-OLED). A 96×3×128 resolution AMOLED has been designed inthis paper. The display's lead lines include 18 analog voltage data and 14 rowand column control signals. Some power signals are also needed.
Many driving IC is designed for the PMOLED currently. There is few ofdriving IC which is designed to drive the AMOLED. And the most of them drivethe displays that display some words, numbers and simple pictures or cartoons.But this can't be satisfied with the expectation to OLED display for people;theyhope they can enjoy the vivid digital video image on the OLED display. Thus theengineer hope to regard the computer that affords digital video image as one ofdata source, make it play synchronously on the OLED display. In order to attainsuch effect, the data transmission from computer to OLED display is veryimportant, DVI interface provides us very large advantage as a new generation ofdigital transmission interface, it has many advantages such as far transmissiondistance, wide data bandwidth and hot plug detection etc. Thus this paperdesigned a chip of driving circuit that can drive the coloured AM-OLED display.The target of this paper is using EDA tools to realize the driving system for the96×3×128 resolution AMOLED display. The system can offer the AMOLEDthe right data and control signals.
1. Universal Project of the driving systemTo realize required functions of this study, the project design is shown infigure1. The FPGA controller gets the display data from the DVI interface byway of SRAM. The data are processed in the FPGA. After enlarging its bits andDAC processing, the data are sent to the AMOLED pixels. The FPGA controller,which is droved by a global clock, will generate the row and line driving signals.These signals must be transformed by DC-DC chip and analog switch chip, sotheir wave shape and meet the use of AMOLED.Figure 1 AMOLED driving system project designThe paper's stress is the design of the outer driving system, which includethe digital circuit portion and the analog circuit portion.The digital portion include FPGA controller, DVI data register (SRAM),Configuration device etc.FPGA controller is the core of the whole design, it offer the OLED displaydata and control signals referencing the control strategy. At the same time, FPGAcan do the data processing work. The OLED display data from DVI interface arestored in the DVI data register. Configuration device match the type of FPGA,the configuration data of FPGA are storied in the configuration device. Whenpowered, FPGA read the configuration data from the configuration device andstore it to its SRAM inherent and begin to have the function as designed.The analog portion includes the DAC module and the voltage convertermodule. The DAC chip translate the digital data output by FPGA into analogvoltage data and transfer them to the OLED pixels. And by the effort of DC-DCconverter and analog switch, the required control signals which have the rightshape and voltage are generated.
2. Main work of the design(1) Through the study and research to DVI interface and decoding chip, attainthe controlling logic and data signal, and the memory project of data beforebeing sent FPGA.(2) Studying the 96×3×128 resolution AMOLED, analyzed its work principle,built the arithmetic model about all kinds of controlling and data signal thatdisplay needs, confirmed the value of controlling signal and its logic eachother, attained the range of the driving data voltage value based on therequest of AMOLED display processing characteristic.(3) Analyzing the common driving method of the plane display today, based onthe characteristic and configuration of the researching AMOLED, offered themethod of gray-scale generation and the system structure of driving circuit.(4) Designed a kind of peripheral driving circuit integrate chip using the superiorcharacteristic, and attained right simulation result by doing much Verilogsimulation to this chip.(5) Completed the whole peripheral driving circuit system of 96×3×128resolution AMOLED display, offered a kind of feasible project for theperipheral driving technology of AMOLED.In this paper we have studied the AMOLED technology and DVI interface.We have designed a peripheral driving system for the 96×3×128 resolutioncoloured AMOLED display based on DVI interface. We have tested the FPGAcontroller by doing much Verilog simulation. We also have designed andanalyzed the hardware system and have gotten the right control signals anddisplay data stream. And our design has met the needs of the 96×3×128resolution AMOLED display.
引文
[1] 田民波. 电子显示 北京:清华大学出版社,2001:3-5
[2] 丁守谦. 亚洲显示技术概况及展望,光电子技术,2000,20(2):79-83
[3] 朱昌昌. 千年之交的平板显示技术和市场,光电子技术,2000,20(3):158-164
[4] 张布新,张志林,蒋雪茵. 彩色有机薄膜电致发光器件及显示技术,现代显示,2000,(4):44-51
[5] 程帅,沈亮,尹盛. 用 DVI 接口实现全彩色 AM-OLED 的实时动态显示,现代显示,2005.(5):44-47
[6] 郑志航,惠新标,张聪慧. 数字视频接口 DVI,电子世界,2003 年第一期
[7] DDWG,Digital Visual Interface Revision1.0,1999,4
[8] 汤志成. 显卡和液晶显示器的 DVI 数字接口,电子世界,2002,1,26
[9] C.W.Tang,U.S.Patent-4,1982,94,476
[10]P.S.Vincett , W.A.Barlow , R.A.Hann andG.G.Roberts , Electrical Conduction and low voltage blue electroluminescence in vacuum-deposited organic films,Thin Solid Films,1982,94,476
[11]Hattori Reiji,Tsukamizy T,Tsuchiya R, et al. Current-Writing Active-Matrix Circuit for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display Using a-Si:H Thin-Film-Transistors. IEICE Trans. Electron, 2000, E83-C(5):779-782.
[12]路绳立. OLED 技术现状与在消费电子市场发展动态,电子产品世界,2005.7:44-46
[13]http://www.pconline.com.cn/diy/front/news/display/
[14]司玉娟,李春星,刘式墉. 有源 OLED 两管 TFT 像素驱动电路的仿真研究,发光学报,2002,23(5):518-522
[15]容管澳. 计算机图像处理,清华大学出版社,2002 年第一版,18
[16]冯永茂,丁铁夫等. 数字视频接口-DVI 1.0,电子技术应用,2003.9, 54-57
[17]Digital Display Working Group. DVI Specification Revision1.0. 1994:4
[18]Silicon Image Corporation ,Data Sheet Sii1161
[19]Hirosli Yamamolo ,By Broacening Spectrum,TDK Hones Color Organic EL Display[J] Display Device,2001(1):8-10
[20]张彤,郭小军,赵毅等. a-Si TFT OLED 有源驱动阵列参数的优化与布图设计[J ] , 液晶与显示, 2003 , 18 (5):332-336.
[21]王诚,吴继华,范丽珍等. Altera FPGA/CPLD 设计,人民邮电出版社,2005 年 7 月第 1 版,2-3
[22]夏宇闻. Verilog 数字系统设计教程,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003年 7 月第一版,1,240
[23]Altera Corporation.Databook,Ver 4.2
[24]Altera 公司. Data Book 1998
[25]张宇,袁晓松等. 一种简单实用的 FLEX10K 系列芯片并行加载电路,电子技术应用,1999,63-65
[26]http://www.fpga.com.cn/application/a28.htm
[27]Integrated Circuit Solution Inc. Data Sheet
[28]李华,孙晓民等. MCS-51 系列单片机和实用接口技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,1993 年 8 月第一版,352
[29]潘金生,仝健民,田民波. .材料科学基础. 北京,清华大学出版社,1998
[30]刘平,刘涛,马积勋. 基于 FPGA 的数字视频接口(DVI)测试向量发生器,现代电子技术,2003,5:79~81
[31]何伟,唐仁圣,张玲. FPGA/CPLD 可编程逻辑器件的在系统配置方法,重庆大学学报,2003,5:125~128
[2] 丁守谦. 亚洲显示技术概况及展望,光电子技术,2000,20(2):79-83
[3] 朱昌昌. 千年之交的平板显示技术和市场,光电子技术,2000,20(3):158-164
[4] 张布新,张志林,蒋雪茵. 彩色有机薄膜电致发光器件及显示技术,现代显示,2000,(4):44-51
[5] 程帅,沈亮,尹盛. 用 DVI 接口实现全彩色 AM-OLED 的实时动态显示,现代显示,2005.(5):44-47
[6] 郑志航,惠新标,张聪慧. 数字视频接口 DVI,电子世界,2003 年第一期
[7] DDWG,Digital Visual Interface Revision1.0,1999,4
[8] 汤志成. 显卡和液晶显示器的 DVI 数字接口,电子世界,2002,1,26
[9] C.W.Tang,U.S.Patent-4,1982,94,476
[10]P.S.Vincett , W.A.Barlow , R.A.Hann andG.G.Roberts , Electrical Conduction and low voltage blue electroluminescence in vacuum-deposited organic films,Thin Solid Films,1982,94,476
[11]Hattori Reiji,Tsukamizy T,Tsuchiya R, et al. Current-Writing Active-Matrix Circuit for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display Using a-Si:H Thin-Film-Transistors. IEICE Trans. Electron, 2000, E83-C(5):779-782.
[12]路绳立. OLED 技术现状与在消费电子市场发展动态,电子产品世界,2005.7:44-46
[13]http://www.pconline.com.cn/diy/front/news/display/
[14]司玉娟,李春星,刘式墉. 有源 OLED 两管 TFT 像素驱动电路的仿真研究,发光学报,2002,23(5):518-522
[15]容管澳. 计算机图像处理,清华大学出版社,2002 年第一版,18
[16]冯永茂,丁铁夫等. 数字视频接口-DVI 1.0,电子技术应用,2003.9, 54-57
[17]Digital Display Working Group. DVI Specification Revision1.0. 1994:4
[18]Silicon Image Corporation ,Data Sheet Sii1161
[19]Hirosli Yamamolo ,By Broacening Spectrum,TDK Hones Color Organic EL Display[J] Display Device,2001(1):8-10
[20]张彤,郭小军,赵毅等. a-Si TFT OLED 有源驱动阵列参数的优化与布图设计[J ] , 液晶与显示, 2003 , 18 (5):332-336.
[21]王诚,吴继华,范丽珍等. Altera FPGA/CPLD 设计,人民邮电出版社,2005 年 7 月第 1 版,2-3
[22]夏宇闻. Verilog 数字系统设计教程,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003年 7 月第一版,1,240
[23]Altera Corporation.Databook,Ver 4.2
[24]Altera 公司. Data Book 1998
[25]张宇,袁晓松等. 一种简单实用的 FLEX10K 系列芯片并行加载电路,电子技术应用,1999,63-65
[26]http://www.fpga.com.cn/application/a28.htm
[27]Integrated Circuit Solution Inc. Data Sheet
[28]李华,孙晓民等. MCS-51 系列单片机和实用接口技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,1993 年 8 月第一版,352
[29]潘金生,仝健民,田民波. .材料科学基础. 北京,清华大学出版社,1998
[30]刘平,刘涛,马积勋. 基于 FPGA 的数字视频接口(DVI)测试向量发生器,现代电子技术,2003,5:79~81
[31]何伟,唐仁圣,张玲. FPGA/CPLD 可编程逻辑器件的在系统配置方法,重庆大学学报,2003,5:125~128