级联型有源电力滤波器的设计
摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展以及各种用电设备对电能质量要求的不断提高,谐波污染问题越来越得到人们的重视。有源电力滤波器作为动态地抑制谐波和补偿无功的电力电子装置,与其他无源滤波等装置相比具有很大的优势。本文对有源电力滤波器的种类和拓扑结构进行比较,选择级联型有源电力滤波器作为研究对象。提出了一套有源滤波器的设计方案,重点研究了谐波电流检算方法和电压电流双闭环的控制策略。
本文在综合国内外有关文献的基础上,介绍了有源电力滤波器的发展历程、,现状和趋势,以及有源电力滤波器的分类和拓扑结构,着重分析级联型有源电力滤波器的基本工作原理。对现有的几种谐波及无功电流实时检测方法进行了研究,并提出一种能克服非理想电网电压对谐波和无功电流检测带来的不利影响的谐波与无功电流检测算法。详细分析了并联型和级联型有源电力滤波器的控制策略,采用了基于电压空间矢量的控制策略对补偿电流进行控制,并用闭环控制的方法对直流侧电压进行了有效的控制。
本文设计了基于TMS320F28335 DSP的数字化控制系统,并采用C语言编写的算法控制软件。基于MATLAB软件建立了有源滤波器系统的仿真模型,对级联型有源电力滤波器系统进行了仿真研究。并搭建了APF实验平台,完成了系统主电路和控制电路的设计与调试,仿真和实验结果基本验证了谐波检算方法和控制方法的有效性。
Along with the development of power electronics technology, as well as improved requirement of power quality, harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation has got more attention. As a dynamic compensation equipment, active power filter has much larger advantages than other compensation methods. Compared with other kinds of APF(active power filter), this paper chose the cascaded APF to study and puts forward a design of cascaded APF based on DSP control, with special attention on harmonic detection and control strategy.
The background, development and future prospect of APF, the classifications and topology structure of the active power filters are described in detail in the thesis. Analyses are made on the operational principle of the cascaded active power filter. The thesis studies the harmonic and reactive power current detection method. To overcome the disadvantage effects resulted from distorted supply voltage, a new harmonic and reactive currents detection method is presented. Shunt APF's and cascaded APF's control strategy are described in detail, SVPWM is adopted to control the compensatory current, and DC voltage is controlled effectively by the closed loop way.
A design of control system selecting TMS320F28335 DSP as the control core and its hardware design and software flow are introduced in detail. A simulation model of APF system is established with MATLAB. The simulation and experiment results validate the method of reactive and harmonic current detection and control strategy in the dissertation, and also meet the design requirement of APF.
本文在综合国内外有关文献的基础上,介绍了有源电力滤波器的发展历程、,现状和趋势,以及有源电力滤波器的分类和拓扑结构,着重分析级联型有源电力滤波器的基本工作原理。对现有的几种谐波及无功电流实时检测方法进行了研究,并提出一种能克服非理想电网电压对谐波和无功电流检测带来的不利影响的谐波与无功电流检测算法。详细分析了并联型和级联型有源电力滤波器的控制策略,采用了基于电压空间矢量的控制策略对补偿电流进行控制,并用闭环控制的方法对直流侧电压进行了有效的控制。
本文设计了基于TMS320F28335 DSP的数字化控制系统,并采用C语言编写的算法控制软件。基于MATLAB软件建立了有源滤波器系统的仿真模型,对级联型有源电力滤波器系统进行了仿真研究。并搭建了APF实验平台,完成了系统主电路和控制电路的设计与调试,仿真和实验结果基本验证了谐波检算方法和控制方法的有效性。
Along with the development of power electronics technology, as well as improved requirement of power quality, harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation has got more attention. As a dynamic compensation equipment, active power filter has much larger advantages than other compensation methods. Compared with other kinds of APF(active power filter), this paper chose the cascaded APF to study and puts forward a design of cascaded APF based on DSP control, with special attention on harmonic detection and control strategy.
The background, development and future prospect of APF, the classifications and topology structure of the active power filters are described in detail in the thesis. Analyses are made on the operational principle of the cascaded active power filter. The thesis studies the harmonic and reactive power current detection method. To overcome the disadvantage effects resulted from distorted supply voltage, a new harmonic and reactive currents detection method is presented. Shunt APF's and cascaded APF's control strategy are described in detail, SVPWM is adopted to control the compensatory current, and DC voltage is controlled effectively by the closed loop way.
A design of control system selecting TMS320F28335 DSP as the control core and its hardware design and software flow are introduced in detail. A simulation model of APF system is established with MATLAB. The simulation and experiment results validate the method of reactive and harmonic current detection and control strategy in the dissertation, and also meet the design requirement of APF.
引文
[1]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,王跃.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.第2版.北京.机械工业出版社.2006.
[2]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制.北京.机械工业出版社.2005
[3]Bird B M,Marsh J F,McLellan P R.Harmonic reduction in multiple converters by triple-frequency current injection[J].Proc IEE,1969,116(10):1730-1734
[4]Sasaki H,Machida T.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design[J].IEEE Trans Power App & Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019
[5]H.Akagi,YKanazawa,A.Nabae.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits[J].IEEE & JIEE.Proceedings IPEC.Tokyo:IEEE,Japan,1983:1375-1386
[6]H.Akagi,YKanazawa,A.Nabae.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1984,20(3):625-630
[7]H.Akagi,A.Nabae,S.Atoh.Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1986,22(3):460-465
[8]F.Z.Peng,H.Akagi,A.Nabae.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems[J].Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE,1988:874-880
[9]H.Akagi.Trends in active power line conditioners[J].IEEE Trans Power Electron,1994,9(3):263-268
[10]Aredes M,Heumann K,Watanabe EH.An Universal Active Power Line Conditioner[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery 1998,13(2):545-551
[11]H.Fujita,H.Akagi.The Unified Power Quality Conditioner:The Integration of Series and Shunt filters.IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1998,13(2):315-322
[12]胡铭,陈衔.有源滤波器技术及其应用[J].电力系统自动化.2000(3):66-70
[13]肖湘宁,徐永梅.电力系统谐波及其治理[J].中国电力.1998,31(4):59-61
[14]郝瑞祥.基于全数字控制的有源电力滤波器研究[D].河北工业大学博士论文,2004
[15]Meynard T A,Foch H.Multi-Level Conversion High Voltage Choppers and Voltage-Source Inverter.IEEE 0-7803-0695-3/92,1992:397-403.
[16]Peng Fang Zheng,John Mekkeever W,et al.A Power Line Conditioner Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters for Distribution Systems.IEEE Trans on IA,1998,34(6):1293-1298.
[17]Silva S.A.O.,Donoso-Garcia P.R,Cortizo P.C.,et al,A three-phase line-interactive UPS system implementation with series-parallel active power-line conditioning capabilities,IEEE Trans.Ind.Applicat.,Nov.-Dec.2002,38(6),pp:1581-1590
[18]Ran L.,Holdsworth L.,Putrus G.A.,Dynamic selective harmonic elimination of a three-level inverter used for static Var compensation Generation,IEE Proc.Trans.and Distr.,Jan.2002,149(1),pp:83-89
[19J Woo-Cheol Lee,Taeck-Kie Lee,Dong-Seok Hyun,A three-phase parallel active powOr filter operating with PCC voltage compensation with consideration for an unbalanced load,IEEE Trans.Power Electr.,Sept.2002,17(5),pp:807-814
[20]Kim Y S.,Kim J.S.,Ko S.H.,Three-phase three-wire series active power filter,which compensates for harmonics and reactive power,IEE Proc.Electr.Power Applicat.,May 2004,151(3),pp:276-282
[21]Lee G.-M.,Dong-Choon Lee,Jul-Ki Seok,Control of series active power filters compensating for source voltage unbalance and current harmonics,IEEE Trans Ind.Electr,Feb 2004,51(1),pp:132-139
[22]李琼林,刘会金,孙建军,崔福鑫大容量有源滤波器的拓扑结构分析高电压技术V0132 No.2,2006
[23]张大禹 级联型有源电力滤波器的新型控制策略电网技术 Vol.32,NO.3,Feb,2008
[24]Luis A.Mor'an,Luciano Fern'andez,Juan W.Dixon,et al,A Simple and Low-Cost Control Strategy for Active Power Filters Connected in Cascade,IEEE Trans.Ind.Electr.,Oct,1997,44(5),pp:621-629
[25]Chatterjee K.,Fernandes B.G.,Dubey G.K.,A novel high-power low-distortion synchronous link converter-based load compensator without the requirement of Var calculator,IEEE Trans.Ind.Electr.,June 2000,47(3),pp:542-548
[26]Chattee K.,Fernandes B.G.,Dubey G.K.,A simplified control strategy for a high-power low-distortion synchronous link converter Var compensator,IEEE Trans.Power Del.,Apr.2008,15(2),pp:652-658
[27]Moran L.,Dixon J.,Muller S.,et al,An active power filter implemented with PWM voltage-source inverters in cascade,IEEE ISIS,May 1994,pp:108-113
[28]M.Basu,S.P.Das,G.K.Dubey,Parallel converser scheme for high-power active power filters,IEE Proc.Electr.Power Applicat.,July 2004,151(4),pp:63-66
[29]Juan Dixon,Yamille del Valle,Marcos Orchard,et al A Full Compensating System for General Loads,Based on a Combination of Thyristor Binary Compensator,and a PWM-IGBT Active Power Filter,IEEE Trans.Ind.Electr.,Oct.2003,pp:982-989
[30]El Shatshat R.,Kazerani M.,Salama M.M.A.,Modular active power-line conditioner,IEEE Trans.Power Del.,Oct.2001,16(4),pp:700-709
[31]El Shatshat R.,Kazerani M.,Salama M.M.A.,Modular active power filtering approaches:Power splitting verses frequency splitting,IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,May 1999,3,pp:1304-1308
[32]Woo-Cheol Lee,Taeck-Ki Lee,Sang-Hoon Lee,et al,A master and slave control strategy for parallel operation of three-phase UPS systems with di＄'erent ratings,IEEE APEC,2004,pp:456-462
[33]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用[M].机械工业出版社.2004
[34]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[35]A.Nakajima et al.Development of Active Filter with Series Resonant Circuit.IEEE/PESC.1988,1168
[36]曾国宏.基于三/单相平衡变换的铁道新型牵引供电系统研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2002.11
[37]B.M.Bird,J.F.Marsh,P.R.Mclellan.Harmonic reduction in multiplex converters by triple-frequency current injection.Proceedings of the IEE,1969,vol.116,no.10,pp.1730-1734
[38]李民,王兆安,卓放.基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测.电力电子技术.1992,vol.2,pp.14-17
[39]余健明,同向前.基于瞬时无功理论的瞬时谐波电流检测误差与消除对策[J].西安理工大学学报,1998,14(4):357-361
[40]杨君,王兆安,邱关源.并联型电力有源滤波器直流侧电压控制[J].电力电子技术.1996(4):48-50
[41]张晓新.基于DSP的并联型有源电力滤波器的研制[D].内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文,2006,6
[42]于晶荣,张兢.基于电压空间矢量的有源滤波器无差拍电流控制方法[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版).Vol35,No.10,Oct,2008
[43]田治礼,张家胜.SVPWM在并联有源电力滤波器中的应用研究与仿真[J].黑龙江工程学院学报(自然科学版).Vol21,No.2.Jun,2007
[44]邱进,陈轩恕,刘飞,张冰,何妍.基于有源电力滤波器的IGBT驱动及保护研究[J].通信电源技术,Vol25,No.5,2008
[45]MS320F28335,TMS320F28334,TMS320F28332 Digital Signal Controllers(DSCs)Data Manual(Rev A).Texas Instruments.http://www.ti.com,January 2008
[46]TMS320x2833x Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC)Module Reference Guide.Texas Instruments.http://www.ti.com.September 2007
[2]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制.北京.机械工业出版社.2005
[3]Bird B M,Marsh J F,McLellan P R.Harmonic reduction in multiple converters by triple-frequency current injection[J].Proc IEE,1969,116(10):1730-1734
[4]Sasaki H,Machida T.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design[J].IEEE Trans Power App & Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019
[5]H.Akagi,YKanazawa,A.Nabae.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits[J].IEEE & JIEE.Proceedings IPEC.Tokyo:IEEE,Japan,1983:1375-1386
[6]H.Akagi,YKanazawa,A.Nabae.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1984,20(3):625-630
[7]H.Akagi,A.Nabae,S.Atoh.Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1986,22(3):460-465
[8]F.Z.Peng,H.Akagi,A.Nabae.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems[J].Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE,1988:874-880
[9]H.Akagi.Trends in active power line conditioners[J].IEEE Trans Power Electron,1994,9(3):263-268
[10]Aredes M,Heumann K,Watanabe EH.An Universal Active Power Line Conditioner[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery 1998,13(2):545-551
[11]H.Fujita,H.Akagi.The Unified Power Quality Conditioner:The Integration of Series and Shunt filters.IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1998,13(2):315-322
[12]胡铭,陈衔.有源滤波器技术及其应用[J].电力系统自动化.2000(3):66-70
[13]肖湘宁,徐永梅.电力系统谐波及其治理[J].中国电力.1998,31(4):59-61
[14]郝瑞祥.基于全数字控制的有源电力滤波器研究[D].河北工业大学博士论文,2004
[15]Meynard T A,Foch H.Multi-Level Conversion High Voltage Choppers and Voltage-Source Inverter.IEEE 0-7803-0695-3/92,1992:397-403.
[16]Peng Fang Zheng,John Mekkeever W,et al.A Power Line Conditioner Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters for Distribution Systems.IEEE Trans on IA,1998,34(6):1293-1298.
[17]Silva S.A.O.,Donoso-Garcia P.R,Cortizo P.C.,et al,A three-phase line-interactive UPS system implementation with series-parallel active power-line conditioning capabilities,IEEE Trans.Ind.Applicat.,Nov.-Dec.2002,38(6),pp:1581-1590
[18]Ran L.,Holdsworth L.,Putrus G.A.,Dynamic selective harmonic elimination of a three-level inverter used for static Var compensation Generation,IEE Proc.Trans.and Distr.,Jan.2002,149(1),pp:83-89
[19J Woo-Cheol Lee,Taeck-Kie Lee,Dong-Seok Hyun,A three-phase parallel active powOr filter operating with PCC voltage compensation with consideration for an unbalanced load,IEEE Trans.Power Electr.,Sept.2002,17(5),pp:807-814
[20]Kim Y S.,Kim J.S.,Ko S.H.,Three-phase three-wire series active power filter,which compensates for harmonics and reactive power,IEE Proc.Electr.Power Applicat.,May 2004,151(3),pp:276-282
[21]Lee G.-M.,Dong-Choon Lee,Jul-Ki Seok,Control of series active power filters compensating for source voltage unbalance and current harmonics,IEEE Trans Ind.Electr,Feb 2004,51(1),pp:132-139
[22]李琼林,刘会金,孙建军,崔福鑫大容量有源滤波器的拓扑结构分析高电压技术V0132 No.2,2006
[23]张大禹 级联型有源电力滤波器的新型控制策略电网技术 Vol.32,NO.3,Feb,2008
[24]Luis A.Mor'an,Luciano Fern'andez,Juan W.Dixon,et al,A Simple and Low-Cost Control Strategy for Active Power Filters Connected in Cascade,IEEE Trans.Ind.Electr.,Oct,1997,44(5),pp:621-629
[25]Chatterjee K.,Fernandes B.G.,Dubey G.K.,A novel high-power low-distortion synchronous link converter-based load compensator without the requirement of Var calculator,IEEE Trans.Ind.Electr.,June 2000,47(3),pp:542-548
[26]Chattee K.,Fernandes B.G.,Dubey G.K.,A simplified control strategy for a high-power low-distortion synchronous link converter Var compensator,IEEE Trans.Power Del.,Apr.2008,15(2),pp:652-658
[27]Moran L.,Dixon J.,Muller S.,et al,An active power filter implemented with PWM voltage-source inverters in cascade,IEEE ISIS,May 1994,pp:108-113
[28]M.Basu,S.P.Das,G.K.Dubey,Parallel converser scheme for high-power active power filters,IEE Proc.Electr.Power Applicat.,July 2004,151(4),pp:63-66
[29]Juan Dixon,Yamille del Valle,Marcos Orchard,et al A Full Compensating System for General Loads,Based on a Combination of Thyristor Binary Compensator,and a PWM-IGBT Active Power Filter,IEEE Trans.Ind.Electr.,Oct.2003,pp:982-989
[30]El Shatshat R.,Kazerani M.,Salama M.M.A.,Modular active power-line conditioner,IEEE Trans.Power Del.,Oct.2001,16(4),pp:700-709
[31]El Shatshat R.,Kazerani M.,Salama M.M.A.,Modular active power filtering approaches:Power splitting verses frequency splitting,IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,May 1999,3,pp:1304-1308
[32]Woo-Cheol Lee,Taeck-Ki Lee,Sang-Hoon Lee,et al,A master and slave control strategy for parallel operation of three-phase UPS systems with di＄'erent ratings,IEEE APEC,2004,pp:456-462
[33]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿——结构、原理、控制与应用[M].机械工业出版社.2004
[34]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[35]A.Nakajima et al.Development of Active Filter with Series Resonant Circuit.IEEE/PESC.1988,1168
[36]曾国宏.基于三/单相平衡变换的铁道新型牵引供电系统研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2002.11
[37]B.M.Bird,J.F.Marsh,P.R.Mclellan.Harmonic reduction in multiplex converters by triple-frequency current injection.Proceedings of the IEE,1969,vol.116,no.10,pp.1730-1734
[38]李民,王兆安,卓放.基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测.电力电子技术.1992,vol.2,pp.14-17
[39]余健明,同向前.基于瞬时无功理论的瞬时谐波电流检测误差与消除对策[J].西安理工大学学报,1998,14(4):357-361
[40]杨君,王兆安,邱关源.并联型电力有源滤波器直流侧电压控制[J].电力电子技术.1996(4):48-50
[41]张晓新.基于DSP的并联型有源电力滤波器的研制[D].内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文,2006,6
[42]于晶荣,张兢.基于电压空间矢量的有源滤波器无差拍电流控制方法[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版).Vol35,No.10,Oct,2008
[43]田治礼,张家胜.SVPWM在并联有源电力滤波器中的应用研究与仿真[J].黑龙江工程学院学报(自然科学版).Vol21,No.2.Jun,2007
[44]邱进,陈轩恕,刘飞,张冰,何妍.基于有源电力滤波器的IGBT驱动及保护研究[J].通信电源技术,Vol25,No.5,2008
[45]MS320F28335,TMS320F28334,TMS320F28332 Digital Signal Controllers(DSCs)Data Manual(Rev A).Texas Instruments.http://www.ti.com,January 2008
[46]TMS320x2833x Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC)Module Reference Guide.Texas Instruments.http://www.ti.com.September 2007