基于DSP的主动型氢钟腔自动调谐系统设计
摘要
氢原子钟具有优良的频率稳定度和准确度，所以它在空间跟踪、导航、射电天文、守时及频率计量等方面均起到重要的作用。由于它使用高有载品质因数微波谐振腔，其振荡频率随腔的谐振频率的变化而变化，即所谓腔的“牵引”效应，这就是产生氢钟长期稳定度变坏的主要原因之一。
本论文主要是对主动型氢钟现有的腔自动调谐(CAT，Cavity Auto Tuing)部分进行数字伺服控制以求提高原系统的稳定性和可靠性。主要包括两部分内容：系统的硬件搭建与软件实现。
本论文首先给出了系统要实现的目标，第二章介绍了腔自动调谐的工作原理、闭环分析及本设计关键器件的选型。系统硬件设计以16位DSP(数字信号处理器)为核心，本设计选用的16位串行ADC、DAC可与其实现无缝连接，简化了硬件电路结构，增强了系统可靠性。接下来详细论述本系统的硬件各模块电路。第四章介绍了系统软件的设计。根据系统功能强大以及软件升级便利的要求，我们采用Flash在线编程的方法，该方法开发成本低、编程灵活。本论文第五章给出了设计的最终测试结果。
本文最后，总结了这个设计的特点，并且提出了对下一步工作的几点思考。
Hydrogen atomic clock plays a significant role in navigation, radio astronomy,timekeeping due to its high-stability and precision. Auto-tuning of the maser cavitycompensates for cavity pulling effect, and other sources that contribute to the longterm frequency drift and hence improve the stability of the maser.
In this paper, a study of theoretical analysis and design of the H-maserAutotuning systems is presented. Frequency autotuning methods are described. A newscheme is proposed based on DSP(Digital Signal Processor) and CPLD(ComplexProgramming Logic Device). This technique has the desired feature of auto-tuning thecavity with a very high sensitivity and without degrading the maser performance.
The thesis is arranged as followed, First of all, the background of the research isbriefly reviewed, and the goal of the autotuning system is presented. Detailedclose-loop analysis and key IC selection is described in chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives thehardware design, we select 16bit DSP TMS320VC5402, which is powerful andhelpful to reduce the complexity of circuit board. In our experiment, we introducedthe connection circuit of 16bit SAR(Successive Aproximation Register)ADC、DACand McBSP in DSP. The software design is presented in chapter 4, we adopted C andassembly programming to realize the signal processing algorithm. The test of thesystem and the results are given in chapter 5.The work is summarized in chapter6, some improvement will be tested in the future.
本论文主要是对主动型氢钟现有的腔自动调谐(CAT，Cavity Auto Tuing)部分进行数字伺服控制以求提高原系统的稳定性和可靠性。主要包括两部分内容：系统的硬件搭建与软件实现。
本论文首先给出了系统要实现的目标，第二章介绍了腔自动调谐的工作原理、闭环分析及本设计关键器件的选型。系统硬件设计以16位DSP(数字信号处理器)为核心，本设计选用的16位串行ADC、DAC可与其实现无缝连接，简化了硬件电路结构，增强了系统可靠性。接下来详细论述本系统的硬件各模块电路。第四章介绍了系统软件的设计。根据系统功能强大以及软件升级便利的要求，我们采用Flash在线编程的方法，该方法开发成本低、编程灵活。本论文第五章给出了设计的最终测试结果。
本文最后，总结了这个设计的特点，并且提出了对下一步工作的几点思考。
Hydrogen atomic clock plays a significant role in navigation, radio astronomy,timekeeping due to its high-stability and precision. Auto-tuning of the maser cavitycompensates for cavity pulling effect, and other sources that contribute to the longterm frequency drift and hence improve the stability of the maser.
In this paper, a study of theoretical analysis and design of the H-maserAutotuning systems is presented. Frequency autotuning methods are described. A newscheme is proposed based on DSP(Digital Signal Processor) and CPLD(ComplexProgramming Logic Device). This technique has the desired feature of auto-tuning thecavity with a very high sensitivity and without degrading the maser performance.
The thesis is arranged as followed, First of all, the background of the research isbriefly reviewed, and the goal of the autotuning system is presented. Detailedclose-loop analysis and key IC selection is described in chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives thehardware design, we select 16bit DSP TMS320VC5402, which is powerful andhelpful to reduce the complexity of circuit board. In our experiment, we introducedthe connection circuit of 16bit SAR(Successive Aproximation Register)ADC、DACand McBSP in DSP. The software design is presented in chapter 4, we adopted C andassembly programming to realize the signal processing algorithm. The test of thesystem and the results are given in chapter 5.The work is summarized in chapter6, some improvement will be tested in the future.
引文
[1]、P．卡塔肖夫 频率和时间、科学出版社、1987、1—13
[2]、王义遒、量子频标原理、科学出版社、1974、
[3]、实用型氢原子技术说明书、中国科学院上海天文台、1999、16-17
[4]、H. E. Peters、Experimental results of the light-weight hydrogen maser development program、Proc.36th Annual Frequency Control Symposium、1982:240—248
[5]、H. E. Peters、Hydrogen masers with cavity frequency switching servos、1990 PTTI、1990: 283—292
[6]、C. Audoin、Fast cavity auto-tuning systems for hydrogen masers、Rev.Phys.Appl、1981、125—131
[7]、翟造成、我国氢钟研制现状与用于卫星导航的可行性、宇航计测技术、2003、Vol．23、No．5、1-9
[8]、T. K. Tucker, Performance of a Hydrogen Maser With Auto-Tuning Utilizing Cavity Q Modulation, 41st Annual Frequency Control Symposium、1987、87-90
[9]、G. J. Dick、Fast autotuning of a hydrogen masers by cavity Q modulation、17th PTTI、1985、129—143
[10]、Hiroyuki Ito、Mizuhiko Hosokawa、Jun Umezu et al、Development and Preliminary Performance Evaluation of a Space-bone Hydrogen Maser、PRIVATE COMMUNICATION
[11]、H. Bryan Owings、Paul A. Koppang、Sigma Tau Standards Corporation etc、Experimental Frequency And Phase Stability of the Hydrogen Maser Standard Output As Affected by Cavity Auto-Tuning、1992 IEEE Frequency Control Symposium、92-103
[12]、V. A. Logachev、The Hydrogen Maser Cavity Step AutoTuning:Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results、1999 Joint Meeting EFTF—IEEE IFCS、129-132
[13]、Harry T. M. Wang、Subcompact Hydrogen Maser Atomic Clocks、Proceedings of the IEEE、Vol 77、No.7、1999、982-992
[14]、Chuanfu Lin、Tiexin Liu、Miniature Passive Hydrogen Maser at Shanghai Observatory、2001 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition、89-93
[15]、徐庆江、李永龄、来长文等、被动型氢原子频标、武汉物理所集刊、1983、No．2、17-22
[16]、N.A.Demidov, V.A.Logachev, Improvement of a Digital Automatic Cavity Tuning System in the Active Hydrogen Maser CH1-75、1999
[17]、氢激射器频标、武汉物数所集刊、1981、No．1、38-41
[18]、实用型氢原子技术说明书、中国科学院上海天文台、1999、13-15
[19]、Texas Instruments Inc、TMS320VC5402 datasheet、20-24
[20]、National Semiconductor Inc、Analog to Digital Basics、32-38
[21]、M68HC11E Family Data Sheet、Rev5.1、119-126
[22]、Texas Instruments Inc、TMS320VC5402 datasheet、20-24
[23]、黄娟、朱红、混合电路的PCB设计、电子元件与材料、2004、No．23、
[24]、Texas Instruments Inc、High-Speed DSP Systems Design Reference Guide、2005、53-57
[25]、Burr-Brown Corporation、INTERFACING THE DAC714 TO MICR0-CONTROLLERS VIA SPI
[26]、Texas Instruments Inc、SPRU302、86-95
[27]、刘波，张树军等、氢激射器自动调谐分析与探讨、武汉物数所集刊、1981、No．1、55-69
[28]、Ziegler J G, Nichols N B. Optimum settings for automaticcontroller[J]. Tram ASME, 1942, 64(11): 759—768.
[29]、Astrom K J. Automatic tuning of simple regulator withspecification on phase and amplitude margins[J]. Automatic, 1984, 20 (5): 645—651.
[2]、王义遒、量子频标原理、科学出版社、1974、
[3]、实用型氢原子技术说明书、中国科学院上海天文台、1999、16-17
[4]、H. E. Peters、Experimental results of the light-weight hydrogen maser development program、Proc.36th Annual Frequency Control Symposium、1982:240—248
[5]、H. E. Peters、Hydrogen masers with cavity frequency switching servos、1990 PTTI、1990: 283—292
[6]、C. Audoin、Fast cavity auto-tuning systems for hydrogen masers、Rev.Phys.Appl、1981、125—131
[7]、翟造成、我国氢钟研制现状与用于卫星导航的可行性、宇航计测技术、2003、Vol．23、No．5、1-9
[8]、T. K. Tucker, Performance of a Hydrogen Maser With Auto-Tuning Utilizing Cavity Q Modulation, 41st Annual Frequency Control Symposium、1987、87-90
[9]、G. J. Dick、Fast autotuning of a hydrogen masers by cavity Q modulation、17th PTTI、1985、129—143
[10]、Hiroyuki Ito、Mizuhiko Hosokawa、Jun Umezu et al、Development and Preliminary Performance Evaluation of a Space-bone Hydrogen Maser、PRIVATE COMMUNICATION
[11]、H. Bryan Owings、Paul A. Koppang、Sigma Tau Standards Corporation etc、Experimental Frequency And Phase Stability of the Hydrogen Maser Standard Output As Affected by Cavity Auto-Tuning、1992 IEEE Frequency Control Symposium、92-103
[12]、V. A. Logachev、The Hydrogen Maser Cavity Step AutoTuning:Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results、1999 Joint Meeting EFTF—IEEE IFCS、129-132
[13]、Harry T. M. Wang、Subcompact Hydrogen Maser Atomic Clocks、Proceedings of the IEEE、Vol 77、No.7、1999、982-992
[14]、Chuanfu Lin、Tiexin Liu、Miniature Passive Hydrogen Maser at Shanghai Observatory、2001 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition、89-93
[15]、徐庆江、李永龄、来长文等、被动型氢原子频标、武汉物理所集刊、1983、No．2、17-22
[16]、N.A.Demidov, V.A.Logachev, Improvement of a Digital Automatic Cavity Tuning System in the Active Hydrogen Maser CH1-75、1999
[17]、氢激射器频标、武汉物数所集刊、1981、No．1、38-41
[18]、实用型氢原子技术说明书、中国科学院上海天文台、1999、13-15
[19]、Texas Instruments Inc、TMS320VC5402 datasheet、20-24
[20]、National Semiconductor Inc、Analog to Digital Basics、32-38
[21]、M68HC11E Family Data Sheet、Rev5.1、119-126
[22]、Texas Instruments Inc、TMS320VC5402 datasheet、20-24
[23]、黄娟、朱红、混合电路的PCB设计、电子元件与材料、2004、No．23、
[24]、Texas Instruments Inc、High-Speed DSP Systems Design Reference Guide、2005、53-57
[25]、Burr-Brown Corporation、INTERFACING THE DAC714 TO MICR0-CONTROLLERS VIA SPI
[26]、Texas Instruments Inc、SPRU302、86-95
[27]、刘波，张树军等、氢激射器自动调谐分析与探讨、武汉物数所集刊、1981、No．1、55-69
[28]、Ziegler J G, Nichols N B. Optimum settings for automaticcontroller[J]. Tram ASME, 1942, 64(11): 759—768.
[29]、Astrom K J. Automatic tuning of simple regulator withspecification on phase and amplitude margins[J]. Automatic, 1984, 20 (5): 645—651.