低温真空及低重力环境下冲击韧性试验装置研究
摘要
材料在低温真空及低重力环境下的冲击韧性力学性能研究是进行月球着陆器设计中很重要的一部分,月球着陆器材料在月球环境中的冲击韧性力学性能将直接影响着陆器能否在月球环境中正常工作。因此要设计一套能够模拟月球环境进行冲击韧性试验的试验装置。
首先,通过大量查阅国内外相关资料,获得实验装置的相关参数;根据不同的设计思路设计出两种方案,倾斜式及落管式冲击实验装置。采用了先进的三维实体数字化设计技术、虚拟样机技术和数字仿真技术;采用现代设计方法,进行有限元分析及运动分析,从中找出两种方案的优缺点;最终选择了落管式作为设计方案,设计制作低温真空及低重力环境下冲击韧性实验装置,并对其进行了深入研究,优化了系统参数。
其次,综合利用了Solidworks软件及其有限元分析插件Cosmosworks和机械动力学仿真插件Cosmosmotion。在Cosmosworks中进行有限元分析,在Cosmosmotion中进行虚拟样机分析,实现了在计算机中的设计-分析-修正设计-预测性能的设计思想。利用虚拟样机技术实现机械部件设计的优化。通过分析不同结构形式的性能特点及具体加工工艺要求,确定最终的加工方案。
最后,完成了低温真空及低重力环境下冲击韧性试验装置的调试,并应用该试验机完成了铝合金LF6试件的低温真空及低重力环境下的冲击试验,从而得出了LF6在低温真空及低重力环境下的冲击特性,为该种材料在月球车着陆器材料选择上提供了试验依据,为今后其它材料的试验完成了准备工作。
The impact toughness research of materials in low temperature, vacuum and low-gravity is one important thing of the design of lunar rover, the materials of lunar rover will decide whether it can work exactly in the circumstance of the lunar. So it must be design which can simulate the circumstance of the lunar.
Firstly, the experimental apparatus’correlation parameters were acquired after looking up plenty of references; and based on different clews, two designs were worked out, respectively namely incline and pipe-down mode. It was widely adopted that the advanced three-dimensional entity digitalization design method, virtual prototype technique and digital simulation technique in the processing of design; it was used to proceed finite element analysis (FEA) and motion analysis. Two modes’relative merits were found; based on picked pipe-down mode, impact toughness experimental apparatus using in vacuum, low temperature and gravity environment was designed, including some lucubrates, system parameters’optimization and overall structural design.
Secondly, Virtual prototype technique was used universally in this paper. Comprehensive utilization of Solidworks’plug-ins of Cosmosworks for finite element analysis and Cosmosworks for mechanical kinematics simulation implemented the methodology of design-analysis-amend -forecast in computer. The design of machinery parts is optimized using virtual prototype technique. The ultimate processing method was decided through analyses the different structural configurations’performance and concrete technological requirements.
finally, impact toughness experimental apparatus using in vacuum, low temperature and gravity environment was debugged, and the impact toughness experiment of the LF6 test part has done in vacuum, low temperature and gravity environment. So we got the impact toughness of LF6 and provide the test gist for the manufacturing material of the lander, and prepared for the test of other materials.
首先,通过大量查阅国内外相关资料,获得实验装置的相关参数;根据不同的设计思路设计出两种方案,倾斜式及落管式冲击实验装置。采用了先进的三维实体数字化设计技术、虚拟样机技术和数字仿真技术;采用现代设计方法,进行有限元分析及运动分析,从中找出两种方案的优缺点;最终选择了落管式作为设计方案,设计制作低温真空及低重力环境下冲击韧性实验装置,并对其进行了深入研究,优化了系统参数。
其次,综合利用了Solidworks软件及其有限元分析插件Cosmosworks和机械动力学仿真插件Cosmosmotion。在Cosmosworks中进行有限元分析,在Cosmosmotion中进行虚拟样机分析,实现了在计算机中的设计-分析-修正设计-预测性能的设计思想。利用虚拟样机技术实现机械部件设计的优化。通过分析不同结构形式的性能特点及具体加工工艺要求,确定最终的加工方案。
最后,完成了低温真空及低重力环境下冲击韧性试验装置的调试,并应用该试验机完成了铝合金LF6试件的低温真空及低重力环境下的冲击试验,从而得出了LF6在低温真空及低重力环境下的冲击特性,为该种材料在月球车着陆器材料选择上提供了试验依据,为今后其它材料的试验完成了准备工作。
The impact toughness research of materials in low temperature, vacuum and low-gravity is one important thing of the design of lunar rover, the materials of lunar rover will decide whether it can work exactly in the circumstance of the lunar. So it must be design which can simulate the circumstance of the lunar.
Firstly, the experimental apparatus’correlation parameters were acquired after looking up plenty of references; and based on different clews, two designs were worked out, respectively namely incline and pipe-down mode. It was widely adopted that the advanced three-dimensional entity digitalization design method, virtual prototype technique and digital simulation technique in the processing of design; it was used to proceed finite element analysis (FEA) and motion analysis. Two modes’relative merits were found; based on picked pipe-down mode, impact toughness experimental apparatus using in vacuum, low temperature and gravity environment was designed, including some lucubrates, system parameters’optimization and overall structural design.
Secondly, Virtual prototype technique was used universally in this paper. Comprehensive utilization of Solidworks’plug-ins of Cosmosworks for finite element analysis and Cosmosworks for mechanical kinematics simulation implemented the methodology of design-analysis-amend -forecast in computer. The design of machinery parts is optimized using virtual prototype technique. The ultimate processing method was decided through analyses the different structural configurations’performance and concrete technological requirements.
finally, impact toughness experimental apparatus using in vacuum, low temperature and gravity environment was debugged, and the impact toughness experiment of the LF6 test part has done in vacuum, low temperature and gravity environment. So we got the impact toughness of LF6 and provide the test gist for the manufacturing material of the lander, and prepared for the test of other materials.
引文
1卢波.月球探测的态势及发展意义.国际太空. 1998, 4:25~31
2王景全.宋智.21世纪国际于行星探测的发展趋势.国际太空. 1998,(4):4~9
3刘晓峰.宋宏伟,杜星文.月球探测器机械缓冲式软着陆方案研究终述.第一届全国深空探测技术研究与发展研讨会论文集. 2001(1):244~249
4胡明.邓宗全,王少纯,高海波.月球探测车移动系统的关键技术分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2003,(7):15~18
5 J.H.King. Mars Pathfinder, NSSDC ID: 1996~068A
6 Tso.Kam S, Norris.Jeffrey S, Tharp.Gregory K. Internet-based operations for the Mars Polar Lander mission. International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2(2000):2025~2032
7 J.H.King. Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, NSSDC ID: MS2001L
8 Reynolds.Robert O, Smith.Peter H, Bell.L.Stephen, Keller.H.Uwe. Design of Mars Lander Cameras for Mars Pathfinder, Mars Surveyor '98 and Mars Surveyor '01. Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.2001, 50(4):63~71
9 J.H.King. Mars Polar Lander, NSSDC ID: 1999~001A
10唐振廷.冲击试验的应用现状、存在的问题及发展前景.物理测试. 2004,(3): 34~38
11刘兴秋.材料低温性能试验装置的研制与应用.物理测试. 2001,(1):11~13
12徐丹.冲击试验计算机数据采集和处理系统.物理测试. 2004,(3):34~38
13丁国良.小型制冷装置动态仿真与研究. [博士学位论文]上海交通大学, 1993:47~48
14唐振廷.国家标准《钢材夏比V型缺口摆锤冲击试验仪器化试验方法》介绍和评述.冶金标准化与质量. 2003,(3):22~23
15黄宝清. LC-450型落锤式冲击试验机的设计及应用.橡胶工业. 2000,第47卷:248~251
16李甲申.一种新型的金属材料冲击韧性数字测量仪.中国仪器仪表. 2003,9:11~12
17丁富连.摆锤式冲击试验机用高低温控制及送样装置.理化检验物理分册. 2003,(8):66
18李保成.镁合金冲击性能研究.新技术新工艺.2005,(7) :55~57
19王永刚.冲击载荷下LY12铝合金的动态屈服强度和层裂强度与温度的相关性.物理学报. 2006,(8) :22~24
20吕杰.铸造铜铝合金的冲击韧性.材料科学与工艺. 1999,增刊:21~23
21 PAN EN, HU JF, FAN C C. AFS Transactions. 1996,104:1119~1132
22陈鼎钛.钛合金在低温下的力学性能.矿产工程. 2002,(9):45~46
23 Ishkawa K.Cryogenice Temperature Properties of Titanium Allolys. Titanium and Zircomium (Japan). 1991,38(2):115~118
24 Kotobu Nagai, Keisuke Ishikawa. Deformation and Fracture Charaterisitics of Titanium Alloys at Low Temperatures. Joural of the Iron and Steel Institude of Janpan,1989,75(5)1~8
25 NIgi K, Shikawa K I, Ogata T,et al. Cryogenic Temperature Mechnaical properties of Ti. Trans JJM,1985.26:405~410
26唐振廷.冲击试验的现状与发展.汽车工艺与材料. 2004,(3):11~14
27唐振廷,刘培英.冲击试验的新发展.物理测试. 2003,(6) :06~09
28 Zhukuizhang,yueziling,hanrui. Designs for the Use of LN2 as Cooling in High-Low Temperature Cabinet.Refrigeration,2005(2):27~32
29张建可.高压低温密封试验研究——试验装置及方法,1997,(1):205~208
30达道安.真空设计手册.北京:国防工业出版社, 1991:235~238
31成大先.机械设计手册.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004:167~167
32陈芝久.制冷系统热动力学.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998:94~101
33庞建召.冲击试验试件定位器.理化检验-物理分册. 1998,(10):37
34 Bianch G, Schiehlen W. Dynamics of Muti-body System. Berlin:Springer-Verag, 1986: 52~55
35 Schielen W. Multi-body System Handbook. Berlin:Spring-Verag. 1990:58~61
36 V B Venkay Ya. Optimality Criteria: A Basis Formula Disciplinary Optimization Design. Computation Mechanics. 1989,5(1):1~22
37张维义.夏比冲击试验时的快速定位.理化检验-物理分册. 1984,(5):48
38王树强.落锤式冲击试验设备捕捉机构改进与分析.维修与改造. 2005,(1):67
39孙社营.粘弹阻尼结构动态性能的有限元分析.材料开发与应用. 2005,(12):35~36
40王苏安,尹相琴,李景芳.曲柄连杆式飞剪机机架的有限元分析.冶金设备. 1994,4(2):75~79
41宋用,艾宴清,梁波. ANSYS 7.0有限元分析.清华大学出版社,2003:345~350
42 Li heping. The Attestation on Validity and Necessity for Using Reference Test Pieces to Calibrate Charpy Impact Machines. Physical Testing.2004,(1) :115~119
43 Xia chenmin. Study on Technioue of electromagnetic Hanging Releasing for Microgravity Falling Tower. Vacuum & Cryogenics,2004,(12) :324~331
44 Dipl.Josef Leitner. Transmission Simulation With ADAMS.ADAMS User Conference Rome 2000,2000:1~10
45 Zhang chaohan. Theoretical Simulation and Experimental Study on Vacuum Cooling. Vacuum & Cryogenics.2004,(12) :65~71
46 Ashok D Belegumdu, Jasbir S Arora. A Study of Mathematical Programming Methods for Structural Optimization.1985, 21:83~95
47瞿唤春,赵鑫,孔宪贵.液氮制冷低气压试验箱的仿真设计.真空科学与技术. 2003:132~137
48施阳,严卫生,李俊. Matlab语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK.西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1997,(5):55~61
49 Tang zhenting. Status and Development of Impact Test. Automobile Technology & Material,2005,(2) :54~58
50 Tang zhenting. New Development of Impact on the Test Standard Impact Test-instrumental Method for Metal Material. Physics Testing.2003,(6):11~14
51 Jin tingxiang. Analysis on the Mechanism of Vacuum Cooling Process. Vacuum & Cryogenics. 2005,(6) :96~103
52邓玉林.冲击试验机的故障分析与检修.实验室研究与探索. 2001, (6) :22~25
2王景全.宋智.21世纪国际于行星探测的发展趋势.国际太空. 1998,(4):4~9
3刘晓峰.宋宏伟,杜星文.月球探测器机械缓冲式软着陆方案研究终述.第一届全国深空探测技术研究与发展研讨会论文集. 2001(1):244~249
4胡明.邓宗全,王少纯,高海波.月球探测车移动系统的关键技术分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2003,(7):15~18
5 J.H.King. Mars Pathfinder, NSSDC ID: 1996~068A
6 Tso.Kam S, Norris.Jeffrey S, Tharp.Gregory K. Internet-based operations for the Mars Polar Lander mission. International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2(2000):2025~2032
7 J.H.King. Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, NSSDC ID: MS2001L
8 Reynolds.Robert O, Smith.Peter H, Bell.L.Stephen, Keller.H.Uwe. Design of Mars Lander Cameras for Mars Pathfinder, Mars Surveyor '98 and Mars Surveyor '01. Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.2001, 50(4):63~71
9 J.H.King. Mars Polar Lander, NSSDC ID: 1999~001A
10唐振廷.冲击试验的应用现状、存在的问题及发展前景.物理测试. 2004,(3): 34~38
11刘兴秋.材料低温性能试验装置的研制与应用.物理测试. 2001,(1):11~13
12徐丹.冲击试验计算机数据采集和处理系统.物理测试. 2004,(3):34~38
13丁国良.小型制冷装置动态仿真与研究. [博士学位论文]上海交通大学, 1993:47~48
14唐振廷.国家标准《钢材夏比V型缺口摆锤冲击试验仪器化试验方法》介绍和评述.冶金标准化与质量. 2003,(3):22~23
15黄宝清. LC-450型落锤式冲击试验机的设计及应用.橡胶工业. 2000,第47卷:248~251
16李甲申.一种新型的金属材料冲击韧性数字测量仪.中国仪器仪表. 2003,9:11~12
17丁富连.摆锤式冲击试验机用高低温控制及送样装置.理化检验物理分册. 2003,(8):66
18李保成.镁合金冲击性能研究.新技术新工艺.2005,(7) :55~57
19王永刚.冲击载荷下LY12铝合金的动态屈服强度和层裂强度与温度的相关性.物理学报. 2006,(8) :22~24
20吕杰.铸造铜铝合金的冲击韧性.材料科学与工艺. 1999,增刊:21~23
21 PAN EN, HU JF, FAN C C. AFS Transactions. 1996,104:1119~1132
22陈鼎钛.钛合金在低温下的力学性能.矿产工程. 2002,(9):45~46
23 Ishkawa K.Cryogenice Temperature Properties of Titanium Allolys. Titanium and Zircomium (Japan). 1991,38(2):115~118
24 Kotobu Nagai, Keisuke Ishikawa. Deformation and Fracture Charaterisitics of Titanium Alloys at Low Temperatures. Joural of the Iron and Steel Institude of Janpan,1989,75(5)1~8
25 NIgi K, Shikawa K I, Ogata T,et al. Cryogenic Temperature Mechnaical properties of Ti. Trans JJM,1985.26:405~410
26唐振廷.冲击试验的现状与发展.汽车工艺与材料. 2004,(3):11~14
27唐振廷,刘培英.冲击试验的新发展.物理测试. 2003,(6) :06~09
28 Zhukuizhang,yueziling,hanrui. Designs for the Use of LN2 as Cooling in High-Low Temperature Cabinet.Refrigeration,2005(2):27~32
29张建可.高压低温密封试验研究——试验装置及方法,1997,(1):205~208
30达道安.真空设计手册.北京:国防工业出版社, 1991:235~238
31成大先.机械设计手册.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004:167~167
32陈芝久.制冷系统热动力学.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998:94~101
33庞建召.冲击试验试件定位器.理化检验-物理分册. 1998,(10):37
34 Bianch G, Schiehlen W. Dynamics of Muti-body System. Berlin:Springer-Verag, 1986: 52~55
35 Schielen W. Multi-body System Handbook. Berlin:Spring-Verag. 1990:58~61
36 V B Venkay Ya. Optimality Criteria: A Basis Formula Disciplinary Optimization Design. Computation Mechanics. 1989,5(1):1~22
37张维义.夏比冲击试验时的快速定位.理化检验-物理分册. 1984,(5):48
38王树强.落锤式冲击试验设备捕捉机构改进与分析.维修与改造. 2005,(1):67
39孙社营.粘弹阻尼结构动态性能的有限元分析.材料开发与应用. 2005,(12):35~36
40王苏安,尹相琴,李景芳.曲柄连杆式飞剪机机架的有限元分析.冶金设备. 1994,4(2):75~79
41宋用,艾宴清,梁波. ANSYS 7.0有限元分析.清华大学出版社,2003:345~350
42 Li heping. The Attestation on Validity and Necessity for Using Reference Test Pieces to Calibrate Charpy Impact Machines. Physical Testing.2004,(1) :115~119
43 Xia chenmin. Study on Technioue of electromagnetic Hanging Releasing for Microgravity Falling Tower. Vacuum & Cryogenics,2004,(12) :324~331
44 Dipl.Josef Leitner. Transmission Simulation With ADAMS.ADAMS User Conference Rome 2000,2000:1~10
45 Zhang chaohan. Theoretical Simulation and Experimental Study on Vacuum Cooling. Vacuum & Cryogenics.2004,(12) :65~71
46 Ashok D Belegumdu, Jasbir S Arora. A Study of Mathematical Programming Methods for Structural Optimization.1985, 21:83~95
47瞿唤春,赵鑫,孔宪贵.液氮制冷低气压试验箱的仿真设计.真空科学与技术. 2003:132~137
48施阳,严卫生,李俊. Matlab语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK.西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1997,(5):55~61
49 Tang zhenting. Status and Development of Impact Test. Automobile Technology & Material,2005,(2) :54~58
50 Tang zhenting. New Development of Impact on the Test Standard Impact Test-instrumental Method for Metal Material. Physics Testing.2003,(6):11~14
51 Jin tingxiang. Analysis on the Mechanism of Vacuum Cooling Process. Vacuum & Cryogenics. 2005,(6) :96~103
52邓玉林.冲击试验机的故障分析与检修.实验室研究与探索. 2001, (6) :22~25