基于相邻对称双电流源激励的电阻层析成像测量研究
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摘要
电阻层析成像( Electrical Resistance Tomography, ERT)技术是近年来发展起来的一种适用于两相流参数检测的新型检测技术。两相流参数通过ERT重建图像提取,为确保两相流参数的准确性,ERT重建图像的质量至关重要。
本文针对提高重建图像质量的要求,对对称的双电流源激励模式下的图像成像算法进行了深入研究,并提出了改进方案。在本论文的研究中,主要完成了以下几方面的工作:
1.总结了ERT技术的发展过程及研究现状,从系统组成、技术特点、发展方向等方面对ERT技术进行了综合评述。分析了ERT模型的建立、有限元网格的划分及正问题的求解方法,介绍了几种常用的ERT反问题成像算法。
2.使用对称的双电流源激励下的测量电压数据,对几种不同流型进行图像重建,主要利用了灵敏度系数法(STM)和牛顿-拉夫森类算法(MNR),并对MNR算法进行了改进,引入了学习因子的概念,并应用局部自适应均值滤波方法进行ERT图像重建,有效地改善了重建图像质量。
3.在MNR算法迭代逼近问题上,采取一种新型的逼近方式——正弦矢量逼近方法,充分利用双电流源激励不同相位差带来的有效信息,并取得了初步的成果。
本文对双电源激励下的图像重建算法进行了深入研究,在原有算法的基础上进行了改进,对双电流源激励下ERT技术的发展作出了有益的探索。
Electrical Resistance Tomography(ERT) is a new kind of Process Tomography(PT) which is suitable for the two-phase flow measurement. Two-phase parameter acquired from ERT reconstructed image, so the quality of reconstructed image is very important. This thesis presents a deeply research work of dual-current source image reconstruct algorithms in ERT research aimed at increasing the quality of reconstruction image, and proposes improving plans.
The main contributions and works are as follows:
1. Summarized the developing process and present status of the research on ERT, and summed up the ERT system structure, technique character, future development prospect and so on. Analyzed the established of ERT model, the division of finite element mesh and the solution of forward problem, and introduced several ERT reconstruction algorithms.
2. Reconstructed images of several different flows with the measuring voltage data under symmetrical dual-current source using the Sensitivity Theory Method (STM) and the Modified Newton Raphson (MNR) method. Introduced the concept of learning-factor and used the method of adaptively calculated regional mean resistivity filter performed on some regional elements to improve the MNR algorithm, and improved the quality of reconstruction images effectively.
3. Applied a new approximation method in the problem of MNR iterate approximation, sine vector approximation algorithm to used the effective information bring by different phase of dual-current source adequately, and obtained preliminary results.
This thesis researched the image reconstruction algorithm under dual-current source deeply, improved old algorithm, formed a useful foundation for the future research work on dual-current source ERT development.
本文针对提高重建图像质量的要求,对对称的双电流源激励模式下的图像成像算法进行了深入研究,并提出了改进方案。在本论文的研究中,主要完成了以下几方面的工作:
1.总结了ERT技术的发展过程及研究现状,从系统组成、技术特点、发展方向等方面对ERT技术进行了综合评述。分析了ERT模型的建立、有限元网格的划分及正问题的求解方法,介绍了几种常用的ERT反问题成像算法。
2.使用对称的双电流源激励下的测量电压数据,对几种不同流型进行图像重建,主要利用了灵敏度系数法(STM)和牛顿-拉夫森类算法(MNR),并对MNR算法进行了改进,引入了学习因子的概念,并应用局部自适应均值滤波方法进行ERT图像重建,有效地改善了重建图像质量。
3.在MNR算法迭代逼近问题上,采取一种新型的逼近方式——正弦矢量逼近方法,充分利用双电流源激励不同相位差带来的有效信息,并取得了初步的成果。
本文对双电源激励下的图像重建算法进行了深入研究,在原有算法的基础上进行了改进,对双电流源激励下ERT技术的发展作出了有益的探索。
Electrical Resistance Tomography(ERT) is a new kind of Process Tomography(PT) which is suitable for the two-phase flow measurement. Two-phase parameter acquired from ERT reconstructed image, so the quality of reconstructed image is very important. This thesis presents a deeply research work of dual-current source image reconstruct algorithms in ERT research aimed at increasing the quality of reconstruction image, and proposes improving plans.
The main contributions and works are as follows:
1. Summarized the developing process and present status of the research on ERT, and summed up the ERT system structure, technique character, future development prospect and so on. Analyzed the established of ERT model, the division of finite element mesh and the solution of forward problem, and introduced several ERT reconstruction algorithms.
2. Reconstructed images of several different flows with the measuring voltage data under symmetrical dual-current source using the Sensitivity Theory Method (STM) and the Modified Newton Raphson (MNR) method. Introduced the concept of learning-factor and used the method of adaptively calculated regional mean resistivity filter performed on some regional elements to improve the MNR algorithm, and improved the quality of reconstruction images effectively.
3. Applied a new approximation method in the problem of MNR iterate approximation, sine vector approximation algorithm to used the effective information bring by different phase of dual-current source adequately, and obtained preliminary results.
This thesis researched the image reconstruction algorithm under dual-current source deeply, improved old algorithm, formed a useful foundation for the future research work on dual-current source ERT development.
引文
[1]李海青.两相流参数检测及应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1991.
[2]马艺馨.电阻层析成像技术及其在气液两项泡状流检测中的应用[D].天津大学,1999(7).
[3]连桂森.多相流动基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1989.
[4]余金华.电阻层析成像技术应用研究[D].浙江大学,2005(5).
[5]周德全.电阻层析成像高分辨率成像算法与三维敏感场特性研究[D].中国石油大学(华东),2008(5).
[6]魏颖.电阻层析成像技术(ERT)及其在两相流测量中的应用研究[D].东北大学,2001(7)
[7]林宗虎,王栋,王树众等.多相流的近期工程应用趋向[J].西安交通大学学报,2001,35 (9):88-89.
[8]顾春来,董守平.石油工业多相流测试技术进展[J].石油规划设计,1998,4:5-9.
[9]李海青,黄志尧等.软测量技术原理及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[10] Shollenberger K.A., Torczynski J.R., Adkins D.R., et al Gamma densitometry tomography of gas hold up spatial distribution in dustrial-scale bubble columns[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,1997,52( 13 ):2 037-2048
[11]李海青,乔贺堂.多相流检测技术进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[12]劳力云.气液两相管流流态判别方法的研究[D].中国科学院博士后论文,2001 .
[13]吴新杰.气固两相流参数(流型、速度及其分布)测量方法研究[D].东北大学,2000.
[14]张修刚,王栋,林宗虎.近期多相流过程层析成像技术的发展[J].热能动力工程,2004,Vol.19(3):221-226.
[15]余金华.电阻层析成像技术应用研究[D].浙江大学,2005(5).
[16]崔晓会.电阻层析成像算法研究及其应用软件设计[D].天津大学,2001(1).
[17] Buxton, Derbushire. Proceedings of 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography[C],UK.1999.
[18]华磊.电阻层析成像系统和相关技术在两相流测量中的应用[D].天津大学,2005.
[19] Cillierts J.J., Xie W., Neethling S.J., etal. Electrical resistance tomography using a bi- directional current pulse technique[J]. Measurement Science and Technology.2001,12(8):997-1001.
[20] Wilkinson A J,Randall E W,Durrentt D et al. The Design of a 1000 Frames/Second ERT Data Capture System and Calibration Techniques Employed[C]. 3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography,Banff,Canada,2003
[21] Primrose K,Qiu C. Performance and Application Studies of an Electrical Resistance Tomography System[C]. 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography,1999
[22]Deng X , Dong F , Xu L J, et al .The design of a dual-plane ERT system for cross correlation measurement of bubbly gas/liquid pipe flow[J]. Measurement Science and Technology 2001,Vo1.12,N o.8,pp1024-1031
[23] Wang Wenhui, Dong Feng, Xie Lipeng. The Study of ERT System Performance Improvement[C]. The 4th International Symposium on Measurement Technique for Multiphase Flows, 2004
[24]许燕斌.基于USB技术的电阻层析成像系统通讯方法的研究[D].天津大学,2003.
[25] Sansen W., Geeraerts B., Petegem W. Van, et al. Electrical impedance tomography systems based on voltage drive[J].Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement,1992,13 ,Supplement A :39 -42.
[26] Kim Y., Woo H .W..A prototype system and reconstruction algorithms for electrical impedance technique in medical body image[J].Clinical Physics and Physiological M easurement,1987,8, Supplement A :63 -70.
[27] Brown B .H. , Seagar A .D..The Sheffield data collection system[J]. Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement,1987,8, Supplement A :91 -97.
[28] Kotre C.J..A sensitivity coefficient method for the reconstruction of electrical impedance tomograms[J]. Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement,1989,10 (3):2 75-281.
[29]魏颖,王师等.电阻层析成像技术的研究现状与应用发展趋势[J].信息与控制,2000,Vol.29(4):340-345.
[30]徐苓安.关于过程层析成像技术的评述,多相流检测技术进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:7- 12.
[31]徐苓安,邓湘,董峰.电层析成像技术在生产过程中的应用[J].东北大学学报,2000,Vol.21,No.1:1-5
[32]署恒木,仝兴华.工程有限单元法基础[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1998:32-36.
[33]张开明,顾昌鑫.计算物理学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1988:80-94.
[34]侯卫东,张为民,莫玉龙.电阻抗成像中有限元法的算法实现[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2000,6(4):343-346.
[35]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷.有限元法—原理、建模及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:301-310.
[36] S.H.Khan,F. Abdullah.Finite Element Modeling of Multielectrode Capacitive systems for Flow Imaging[J]. IEE Proceedings-G.1993,140(3):216-222
[37]刘景.基于双电流源激励的电阻层析成像测量技术研究[D].中国石油大学(华东),2009(5).
[38]赵进创,傅文利,胡强,张锦雄.电容层析成像系统重建图像质量评价方法探讨[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2003,28(1):61-64.
[39]彭黎辉,陆耿,杨五强.电容成像图像重建算法原理及评价[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(4):478-484.
[40] Tadakuni Murai&Yukio Kagawa, Electrical impedance computed tomography based on a finite element model[J], IEEE TRANS.ON BIO.ENG.,voIBME-32,No.3, 1985:177-184
[31]李海青,黄志尧.特种检测技术及应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000(6).
[42]孙永进.电阻层析成像(ERT)计算机仿真研究[D].天津大学.2002(1).
[43]张卫民.电阻抗成像技术的图象重建方法[D].上海大学,2001(2).
[44]刘锐岗.基于正则化校正的静态电阻抗断层成像算法及物理模型成像的研究[D].第四军医大学,2000(5).
[2]马艺馨.电阻层析成像技术及其在气液两项泡状流检测中的应用[D].天津大学,1999(7).
[3]连桂森.多相流动基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1989.
[4]余金华.电阻层析成像技术应用研究[D].浙江大学,2005(5).
[5]周德全.电阻层析成像高分辨率成像算法与三维敏感场特性研究[D].中国石油大学(华东),2008(5).
[6]魏颖.电阻层析成像技术(ERT)及其在两相流测量中的应用研究[D].东北大学,2001(7)
[7]林宗虎,王栋,王树众等.多相流的近期工程应用趋向[J].西安交通大学学报,2001,35 (9):88-89.
[8]顾春来,董守平.石油工业多相流测试技术进展[J].石油规划设计,1998,4:5-9.
[9]李海青,黄志尧等.软测量技术原理及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[10] Shollenberger K.A., Torczynski J.R., Adkins D.R., et al Gamma densitometry tomography of gas hold up spatial distribution in dustrial-scale bubble columns[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,1997,52( 13 ):2 037-2048
[11]李海青,乔贺堂.多相流检测技术进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[12]劳力云.气液两相管流流态判别方法的研究[D].中国科学院博士后论文,2001 .
[13]吴新杰.气固两相流参数(流型、速度及其分布)测量方法研究[D].东北大学,2000.
[14]张修刚,王栋,林宗虎.近期多相流过程层析成像技术的发展[J].热能动力工程,2004,Vol.19(3):221-226.
[15]余金华.电阻层析成像技术应用研究[D].浙江大学,2005(5).
[16]崔晓会.电阻层析成像算法研究及其应用软件设计[D].天津大学,2001(1).
[17] Buxton, Derbushire. Proceedings of 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography[C],UK.1999.
[18]华磊.电阻层析成像系统和相关技术在两相流测量中的应用[D].天津大学,2005.
[19] Cillierts J.J., Xie W., Neethling S.J., etal. Electrical resistance tomography using a bi- directional current pulse technique[J]. Measurement Science and Technology.2001,12(8):997-1001.
[20] Wilkinson A J,Randall E W,Durrentt D et al. The Design of a 1000 Frames/Second ERT Data Capture System and Calibration Techniques Employed[C]. 3rd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography,Banff,Canada,2003
[21] Primrose K,Qiu C. Performance and Application Studies of an Electrical Resistance Tomography System[C]. 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography,1999
[22]Deng X , Dong F , Xu L J, et al .The design of a dual-plane ERT system for cross correlation measurement of bubbly gas/liquid pipe flow[J]. Measurement Science and Technology 2001,Vo1.12,N o.8,pp1024-1031
[23] Wang Wenhui, Dong Feng, Xie Lipeng. The Study of ERT System Performance Improvement[C]. The 4th International Symposium on Measurement Technique for Multiphase Flows, 2004
[24]许燕斌.基于USB技术的电阻层析成像系统通讯方法的研究[D].天津大学,2003.
[25] Sansen W., Geeraerts B., Petegem W. Van, et al. Electrical impedance tomography systems based on voltage drive[J].Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement,1992,13 ,Supplement A :39 -42.
[26] Kim Y., Woo H .W..A prototype system and reconstruction algorithms for electrical impedance technique in medical body image[J].Clinical Physics and Physiological M easurement,1987,8, Supplement A :63 -70.
[27] Brown B .H. , Seagar A .D..The Sheffield data collection system[J]. Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement,1987,8, Supplement A :91 -97.
[28] Kotre C.J..A sensitivity coefficient method for the reconstruction of electrical impedance tomograms[J]. Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement,1989,10 (3):2 75-281.
[29]魏颖,王师等.电阻层析成像技术的研究现状与应用发展趋势[J].信息与控制,2000,Vol.29(4):340-345.
[30]徐苓安.关于过程层析成像技术的评述,多相流检测技术进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:7- 12.
[31]徐苓安,邓湘,董峰.电层析成像技术在生产过程中的应用[J].东北大学学报,2000,Vol.21,No.1:1-5
[32]署恒木,仝兴华.工程有限单元法基础[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1998:32-36.
[33]张开明,顾昌鑫.计算物理学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1988:80-94.
[34]侯卫东,张为民,莫玉龙.电阻抗成像中有限元法的算法实现[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2000,6(4):343-346.
[35]杜平安,甘娥忠,于亚婷.有限元法—原理、建模及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:301-310.
[36] S.H.Khan,F. Abdullah.Finite Element Modeling of Multielectrode Capacitive systems for Flow Imaging[J]. IEE Proceedings-G.1993,140(3):216-222
[37]刘景.基于双电流源激励的电阻层析成像测量技术研究[D].中国石油大学(华东),2009(5).
[38]赵进创,傅文利,胡强,张锦雄.电容层析成像系统重建图像质量评价方法探讨[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2003,28(1):61-64.
[39]彭黎辉,陆耿,杨五强.电容成像图像重建算法原理及评价[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(4):478-484.
[40] Tadakuni Murai&Yukio Kagawa, Electrical impedance computed tomography based on a finite element model[J], IEEE TRANS.ON BIO.ENG.,voIBME-32,No.3, 1985:177-184
[31]李海青,黄志尧.特种检测技术及应用[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000(6).
[42]孙永进.电阻层析成像(ERT)计算机仿真研究[D].天津大学.2002(1).
[43]张卫民.电阻抗成像技术的图象重建方法[D].上海大学,2001(2).
[44]刘锐岗.基于正则化校正的静态电阻抗断层成像算法及物理模型成像的研究[D].第四军医大学,2000(5).