DVB-H信道处理系统的研究与设计
摘要
DVB-H标准全称为手持数字视频广播(Digital Video BroadcastingHandheld)，是DVB组织通过地面数字广播网络向便携／手持终端提供多媒体业务所制定的标准：DVB-H标准被认为是DVB-T标准的扩展应用。但是和DVB-T相比，DVB-H终端具有更低的功耗，移动接受和抗干扰性能更为优越，因此该标准适用于移动电话，手持计算机等小型便携设备通过地面数字电视广播网络接收数字电视信号。
本文对DVB-H发射端和接收端的部分信道处理算法和其实现做了重点研究。
首先在DVB-T的基础之上对DVB-H发射端系统的SOPC实现做了探索，从SOPC设计方法学的角度设计了外码部分的加扰，RS编码，字节交织和内码部分的卷积删余编码，比特交织，符号交织这些模块。
接下来对DVB-H接收芯片中的RS译码的算法和实现做了充分研究。本文在RS译码的设计当中，在并行Berlekamp-Massey(BM)算法基础上，采用了串行无逆Berlekamp-Massey算法和3级流水线的处理结构。采用此方法不仅避免了求逆运算，而且只需3个有限域乘法器就可以实现，大大降低了硬件的资源开销。
DVB-H(Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld) is an ETSI standard for bringing services to handheld receivers, which is considered as the extended use of DVB-T standard. Compared to DVB-T, DVB-H terminal has lower power consumption and more excellent performance in mobile reception and interference tolerance , thus, which is more suitable for mobile phone, handheld receivers to receive digital TV signal through terrestrial digital broadcasting network.
The thesis focuses on the partly channel processing algorithm and its implementation in the DVB-H's transmitter and receiver.
Firstly, the thesis discuss the SOPC implementation of DVB-H transmitter. It present the design of Scramble, RS encoder, Byte interleaver, convolution puncturing encoder, bit interleave, symbol interleave from the point of SOPC design.
Following, the thesis presents the detailed description of RS decoder algorithm and its implementation. In the design of RS decoder, The inversionless Berlekamp-Massey(BM)algorithm with serial mode is used, which avoids the inversion computation and need only 3 finite-field multipliers. Thus, the consumption of hardware resources is mostly reduced. A 3-level pipe-line processing architecture is also used in the implementation of RS decoder.
本文对DVB-H发射端和接收端的部分信道处理算法和其实现做了重点研究。
首先在DVB-T的基础之上对DVB-H发射端系统的SOPC实现做了探索，从SOPC设计方法学的角度设计了外码部分的加扰，RS编码，字节交织和内码部分的卷积删余编码，比特交织，符号交织这些模块。
接下来对DVB-H接收芯片中的RS译码的算法和实现做了充分研究。本文在RS译码的设计当中，在并行Berlekamp-Massey(BM)算法基础上，采用了串行无逆Berlekamp-Massey算法和3级流水线的处理结构。采用此方法不仅避免了求逆运算，而且只需3个有限域乘法器就可以实现，大大降低了硬件的资源开销。
DVB-H(Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld) is an ETSI standard for bringing services to handheld receivers, which is considered as the extended use of DVB-T standard. Compared to DVB-T, DVB-H terminal has lower power consumption and more excellent performance in mobile reception and interference tolerance , thus, which is more suitable for mobile phone, handheld receivers to receive digital TV signal through terrestrial digital broadcasting network.
The thesis focuses on the partly channel processing algorithm and its implementation in the DVB-H's transmitter and receiver.
Firstly, the thesis discuss the SOPC implementation of DVB-H transmitter. It present the design of Scramble, RS encoder, Byte interleaver, convolution puncturing encoder, bit interleave, symbol interleave from the point of SOPC design.
Following, the thesis presents the detailed description of RS decoder algorithm and its implementation. In the design of RS decoder, The inversionless Berlekamp-Massey(BM)algorithm with serial mode is used, which avoids the inversion computation and need only 3 finite-field multipliers. Thus, the consumption of hardware resources is mostly reduced. A 3-level pipe-line processing architecture is also used in the implementation of RS decoder.
引文
[1] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. TR 101 200, V1.1.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) A guideline for the use of DVB specifications and standards. Sep, 1997
[2] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. ETR 154, Third Edition. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Implementation guideing applications. Sep, 1997
[3] European Telecommunications Slines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasttandard Institute. EN 300 421, V1.1.2. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services. Aug, 1997
[4] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. EN 300 429, V1.1.2. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems. Apr, 1997
[5] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. EN 300 744, V1.1.2. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television. Jan, 2001
[6] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. EN 300 748, V1.1.2. DVB-H Outline. Jan, 2004
[7] Regis J. Broadband Telecommunications Handbook. U. S. A., Computing McGraw-Hill, 2000. Chapter 24: Satellite Communications Networking
[8] 杨林，杨知贤．清华地面数字多媒体／电视广播(DMB-T)传输系统．现代电视技术，2001．10
[9] 曹志刚，钱亚生．现代通信原理．北京：清华大学出版社，1992．8
[10] Bernard Sklar．数字通信．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．11
[11] Reimers U. DVB-T: the COFDM-based system for terrestrial television. Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal, Feb 1997, Vol 9, Issue 1: 28～32
[12] Meyr, H., Moeneclaey, M., Fechtel. Digital Communication Reciever. New York; John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998
[13] 张宗橙．纠错编码原理和应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003年4月，2～17，62，64，105～108，119～137
[14] 王进祥，毛志刚．RS译码器综述．微电子学，1997年4月，第27卷第2期，115～119
[15] 邹世开．实现Reed-Solomon码译码的新电路—在普通基上用“比特串行乘法电路”实现RS码译码．电子学报，1999．10，第27卷第10期
[16] 范然然，林争辉，鞠海．新型高速DVB-ASI接口的设计与实现．微电子学，Oct．2003，第33卷第5期
[17] 王新梅，肖国镇．纠错码—原理与方法(修订版)．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社， 2001
[18] Paulo S. R. Diniz. Digital Signal Processing System Analysis and Design. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. England, 2002, Page 457
[19] J. L. Masssey. Shift-Register Synthesis and BCH Decoding. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, January 1969, IT-15, 112～127
[20] Mulmuley K. Randomized geometric algorithms and pseudo-random generators. Foundations of Computer Science Proceedings, 1992, 33rd Annual Symposium, 90～100
[21] 陈伟．DVB-T信道编码调制器的DSP实现方案：[硕士学位论文]．西安：电子科技大学，2001
[22] 夏宇闻．Verilog数字系统设计教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[23] 李广军，孟宪元．可编程ASIC设计及其应用．西安：电子科技大学出版社，2000．10
[24] 于鸿洋．HDTV系统的信原源编码和信道编码研究及计算机模拟：[博士学位论文]．西安：电子科技大学，1995．7
[25] 张风朝，乐陶．数字电视原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．6
[26] Dong-Sun, Kim, John-Chan, Choi, Duck-Jin Chung. Implementation of high speed Reed-Solomon decoder. IEEE Circuit and System, 1999, Vol. 20(1): 122～126
[27] Heinrich Meyr, Marc Moeneclaey, Stefan A. Fechtel. Digital Communication Receivers: Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing. New York: Jone Wiley&Sons, Inc, 1998
[28] Bo Ai, Jian-hua Ge, Yong Wang. Decimal Frequency Offset Estimation in COFDM Wireless Communication. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2004, Vol. 50 (2): 154～158
[29] W. Y. Zou, Y. Y. Wu. COFDM: An overview. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1995, Vol. 41 (1): 1～8
[30] 林敏星，徐雄，鞫海．高速比特并行RS编码器．电子测量技术，2005(3)：77～78
[31] 张力．DVB-S信道接收芯片字节处理环节的研究与设计：[硕士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学，2004
[32] Xu YuanXin, Xia Fang. A New VLSI Design For Decoding Of Reed-Solomon Codes Based On ASIP. Proc. Of 4th International Conference On Asic, 2001, 448～451
[33] Jah-Ming Hsu, Chin-Liang Wang. An Area-Efficient Pipelined VLSI Architecture for Deooding of Reed-Solomon Codes Based on a Time-Domain Algorithm. IEEE Trans. On Circuits and System for Video Technology, 1997, Vol. 7(6), 864～871
[34] Somsak Choomchuay, Bernard Arambepola. An Algorithm and A VLSI Architecture for Reed-Solomon Decoding. IEEE, 1992
[35] 徐元欣，王匡．实现卷积交织的几种实用方法．电路与系统学报，2001．3，Vol．6(1)
[36] 周云生．R S 码译码器的实现．通信学报，1996．3，Vol．17(3)
[37] 周浩华，沈泊，章倩苓．一种GF(2′)域的高效乘法器及其VLSI实现．半导体学报，2001．8，Vol．22(8)：77～80
[38] 刘章庆，姚庆栋，仇佩亮等．HDTVRS码编译码器中的对偶基比特并行乘法器．视频技术，1997．10
[39] S. Kwon, H. Shin. An Area-Efficient VLSI Architecture of a Reed-Solomon Decoder-Encode for Digital VCRs. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron, Nov. 1997, vol. 43: 1019-1027
[40] H. Lee, M. L. Yu, a, L. L. Song. VLSI Design of Reed-Solomon Decoder Architectures. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, May. 2000, Geneva, Switzerland
[41] I. S. Reed, M. T. Shih, T. K. Truong. VLSI design of inverse-free Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. pt. E, Sept. 1991, vol. 138: 295-298
[42] Forney, G. D. Burst-Correcting codes for classic burst channel. IEEE Trans. On Comm. Tech, 1971, Vol. 19(1) : 772～781
[43] 邹翊，匡镜明．利用FPGA技术实现数字通信中的交织器／解交织器．电子技术应用，2000．10
[2] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. ETR 154, Third Edition. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Implementation guideing applications. Sep, 1997
[3] European Telecommunications Slines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasttandard Institute. EN 300 421, V1.1.2. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services. Aug, 1997
[4] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. EN 300 429, V1.1.2. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems. Apr, 1997
[5] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. EN 300 744, V1.1.2. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television. Jan, 2001
[6] European Telecommunications Standard Institute. EN 300 748, V1.1.2. DVB-H Outline. Jan, 2004
[7] Regis J. Broadband Telecommunications Handbook. U. S. A., Computing McGraw-Hill, 2000. Chapter 24: Satellite Communications Networking
[8] 杨林，杨知贤．清华地面数字多媒体／电视广播(DMB-T)传输系统．现代电视技术，2001．10
[9] 曹志刚，钱亚生．现代通信原理．北京：清华大学出版社，1992．8
[10] Bernard Sklar．数字通信．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．11
[11] Reimers U. DVB-T: the COFDM-based system for terrestrial television. Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal, Feb 1997, Vol 9, Issue 1: 28～32
[12] Meyr, H., Moeneclaey, M., Fechtel. Digital Communication Reciever. New York; John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1998
[13] 张宗橙．纠错编码原理和应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003年4月，2～17，62，64，105～108，119～137
[14] 王进祥，毛志刚．RS译码器综述．微电子学，1997年4月，第27卷第2期，115～119
[15] 邹世开．实现Reed-Solomon码译码的新电路—在普通基上用“比特串行乘法电路”实现RS码译码．电子学报，1999．10，第27卷第10期
[16] 范然然，林争辉，鞠海．新型高速DVB-ASI接口的设计与实现．微电子学，Oct．2003，第33卷第5期
[17] 王新梅，肖国镇．纠错码—原理与方法(修订版)．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社， 2001
[18] Paulo S. R. Diniz. Digital Signal Processing System Analysis and Design. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. England, 2002, Page 457
[19] J. L. Masssey. Shift-Register Synthesis and BCH Decoding. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, January 1969, IT-15, 112～127
[20] Mulmuley K. Randomized geometric algorithms and pseudo-random generators. Foundations of Computer Science Proceedings, 1992, 33rd Annual Symposium, 90～100
[21] 陈伟．DVB-T信道编码调制器的DSP实现方案：[硕士学位论文]．西安：电子科技大学，2001
[22] 夏宇闻．Verilog数字系统设计教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[23] 李广军，孟宪元．可编程ASIC设计及其应用．西安：电子科技大学出版社，2000．10
[24] 于鸿洋．HDTV系统的信原源编码和信道编码研究及计算机模拟：[博士学位论文]．西安：电子科技大学，1995．7
[25] 张风朝，乐陶．数字电视原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．6
[26] Dong-Sun, Kim, John-Chan, Choi, Duck-Jin Chung. Implementation of high speed Reed-Solomon decoder. IEEE Circuit and System, 1999, Vol. 20(1): 122～126
[27] Heinrich Meyr, Marc Moeneclaey, Stefan A. Fechtel. Digital Communication Receivers: Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing. New York: Jone Wiley&Sons, Inc, 1998
[28] Bo Ai, Jian-hua Ge, Yong Wang. Decimal Frequency Offset Estimation in COFDM Wireless Communication. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2004, Vol. 50 (2): 154～158
[29] W. Y. Zou, Y. Y. Wu. COFDM: An overview. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1995, Vol. 41 (1): 1～8
[30] 林敏星，徐雄，鞫海．高速比特并行RS编码器．电子测量技术，2005(3)：77～78
[31] 张力．DVB-S信道接收芯片字节处理环节的研究与设计：[硕士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学，2004
[32] Xu YuanXin, Xia Fang. A New VLSI Design For Decoding Of Reed-Solomon Codes Based On ASIP. Proc. Of 4th International Conference On Asic, 2001, 448～451
[33] Jah-Ming Hsu, Chin-Liang Wang. An Area-Efficient Pipelined VLSI Architecture for Deooding of Reed-Solomon Codes Based on a Time-Domain Algorithm. IEEE Trans. On Circuits and System for Video Technology, 1997, Vol. 7(6), 864～871
[34] Somsak Choomchuay, Bernard Arambepola. An Algorithm and A VLSI Architecture for Reed-Solomon Decoding. IEEE, 1992
[35] 徐元欣，王匡．实现卷积交织的几种实用方法．电路与系统学报，2001．3，Vol．6(1)
[36] 周云生．R S 码译码器的实现．通信学报，1996．3，Vol．17(3)
[37] 周浩华，沈泊，章倩苓．一种GF(2′)域的高效乘法器及其VLSI实现．半导体学报，2001．8，Vol．22(8)：77～80
[38] 刘章庆，姚庆栋，仇佩亮等．HDTVRS码编译码器中的对偶基比特并行乘法器．视频技术，1997．10
[39] S. Kwon, H. Shin. An Area-Efficient VLSI Architecture of a Reed-Solomon Decoder-Encode for Digital VCRs. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron, Nov. 1997, vol. 43: 1019-1027
[40] H. Lee, M. L. Yu, a, L. L. Song. VLSI Design of Reed-Solomon Decoder Architectures. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, May. 2000, Geneva, Switzerland
[41] I. S. Reed, M. T. Shih, T. K. Truong. VLSI design of inverse-free Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. pt. E, Sept. 1991, vol. 138: 295-298
[42] Forney, G. D. Burst-Correcting codes for classic burst channel. IEEE Trans. On Comm. Tech, 1971, Vol. 19(1) : 772～781
[43] 邹翊，匡镜明．利用FPGA技术实现数字通信中的交织器／解交织器．电子技术应用，2000．10