Algor Super有限元软件及其在水利工程中的应用研究
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摘要
针对水利工程复杂及多样性的特点，本文较为系统地研究了Algor Super有限单元分析软件的结构及功能，在此基础上结合工程实例研究了该软件在水利工程结构和渗流分析中的应用，并对该软件进行了二次开发，本文的主要研究内容如下：
1、研究了Algor Super有限单元软件在水利工程结构分析中的应用，同时探讨了钢筋混凝土混合单元模型的模型理论与制作方法，并经算例的计算与比较，证实了混合单元模型的可靠性和实用性；在此基础上将上述方法应用于实际的钢筋混凝土构件计算分析。
2、以Super有限单元软件为平台，通过吊杆拱桥计算，研究了逆序法计算模拟施工工艺的软件使用技巧，揭示了原计算方法的不足之处，据此提出了改进的计算方法。
3、研究了Algor Super有限单元分析软件在水利工程渗流分析中的应用，并重点分析了该方法应用技巧，在上述研究的基础上，对传统的分析处理方法作了改进，并经实例对改进的方法可行性进行了验证。
Aimed at the complicacy and variety of water conservancy, the structure and function of Algor Super are studied in this dissertation. Based on the gain of the study, the dissertation researches the application of this software in water conservancy structure and seepage analysis. The secondary development of Algor Super is developed in this dissertation.
1) The dissertation studies the application of Algor Super in mechanics analysis in Water Conservancy, creates and uses the reinforced concrete hybrid finite element model. The dependability and practicability of the hybrid finite element are proved to be good by comparing the conclusion of account. The dissertation applies the method in analysis of actual reinforced concrete.
2) The dissertation study the means of inverted way for simulating the course of construction by analyzing the suspender arch bridge, Find the shortage of the departed method on analyzing the suspender arch bridge.
3) The dissertation studies the application of Algor Super in seepage analysis in Water Conservancy, demonstrates the theoretic gist and how to apply the software in seepage analysis in Water Conservancy. Based on the technique of applying the software in seepage analysis in Water Conservancy, this dissertation develops the original method in seepage analysis and verifies the feasibility of this new method in seepage analysis.
1、研究了Algor Super有限单元软件在水利工程结构分析中的应用，同时探讨了钢筋混凝土混合单元模型的模型理论与制作方法，并经算例的计算与比较，证实了混合单元模型的可靠性和实用性；在此基础上将上述方法应用于实际的钢筋混凝土构件计算分析。
2、以Super有限单元软件为平台，通过吊杆拱桥计算，研究了逆序法计算模拟施工工艺的软件使用技巧，揭示了原计算方法的不足之处，据此提出了改进的计算方法。
3、研究了Algor Super有限单元分析软件在水利工程渗流分析中的应用，并重点分析了该方法应用技巧，在上述研究的基础上，对传统的分析处理方法作了改进，并经实例对改进的方法可行性进行了验证。
Aimed at the complicacy and variety of water conservancy, the structure and function of Algor Super are studied in this dissertation. Based on the gain of the study, the dissertation researches the application of this software in water conservancy structure and seepage analysis. The secondary development of Algor Super is developed in this dissertation.
1) The dissertation studies the application of Algor Super in mechanics analysis in Water Conservancy, creates and uses the reinforced concrete hybrid finite element model. The dependability and practicability of the hybrid finite element are proved to be good by comparing the conclusion of account. The dissertation applies the method in analysis of actual reinforced concrete.
2) The dissertation study the means of inverted way for simulating the course of construction by analyzing the suspender arch bridge, Find the shortage of the departed method on analyzing the suspender arch bridge.
3) The dissertation studies the application of Algor Super in seepage analysis in Water Conservancy, demonstrates the theoretic gist and how to apply the software in seepage analysis in Water Conservancy. Based on the technique of applying the software in seepage analysis in Water Conservancy, this dissertation develops the original method in seepage analysis and verifies the feasibility of this new method in seepage analysis.
引文
[1] 宋启根，范志良，朱万福，钢筋混凝土计算力学，东南大学出版社，1996．1．
[2] 荆广生，孙锁泰，材料力学，东南大学出版社，1994．11．
[3] 朱以文，Algor Super FEAS软件的分析计算模块数据文件格式，水利部天津勘测设计院，北京四通集团武汉四通公司，1991．9．
[4] 朱以文，韦庆如，顾伯达，微机有限元前后处理系统Vizi CAD及其应用，科学技术文献出版社，1993．12．
[5] 朱以文，有限元专用CAD系统Vizi CAD及其使用，水利部天津勘测设计院，北京四通集团武汉四通公司，1991．9．
[6] 张允真 曹富新，弹性力学及其有限元法[M]，中国铁道出版社 1983年3月．
[7] 彭宣茂，吊杆拱桥吊杆初始张拉力的计算方法[Jr]，水利水电科技进展2000，(6)．
[8] Ngo D and Scordelis A C Finite element analysis Of reinforced concrete.beams. ACI J, 1967, 64(3).
[9] 美国土木工程师学会《钢筋混凝土有限元分析》委员会；周氐，李泳偕，许庆尧译，钢筋混凝土有限元分析，河海大学出版社，1988．
[10] Nilson A H.Non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete by the finite element method, ACI J, 1968, 65(9).
[11] Scordelis A C Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures. In: Proc Spec Conf Finite Element Method Civ Eng, Montreal, 1972.
[12] Jofriet J. C, MeNeice G M. Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete slabs. J Struct Div ASCE, 1971, 97(ST3).
[13] Hand F R Nonlinear analysis of RC plates and shells. J. Struct. Div, ASCE, 1973, 99(ST7).
[14] Evans R H, Marathe M S. Microcracking and stress-strain curves for concrete in tension. Materiaux of Constraclion, 1968, Jan-Feb.
[15] Kupfer H, Hilsdoff H K, Rusch. H. Behavior Of concrete under biaxial。 stresses. ACI J, 1969, 66(8).
[16] Drucker D C, Prager W. Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design. Q Ap-pl Math, 1952, 10(2).
[17] Chen A C T, and Chen W F. constitutive, relations for concrete. J Engng Mech Div ASCE, 1975, 10(2).
[18] Willam K J, Warnke E P. Constitutive models for the tfiaxial behavior of concrete. Int Assoc Bridge Struct Eng Proc,1975, 19.
[19] Ottosen N S. A failure criterion. J Eng Mech DivASCE, 1977, 103(EM4).
[20] Ottosen N S. Constitutive model for short time loading of concrete. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1979, 105(EMI).
[21] Mirza M S, Houde J. Study of bond stress-slip relationships in reinforced concrete. ACI J, 1979, 76(1).
[22] Milford R V.Schnobrich W C Nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete cooling towers. Civil Eng, Studies. University of Illinois, Urbana, USA, 1984.
[23] Chan E C. Nonlinear geometric, material and time dependent analysis of reinforced concrete shells with edge beams. Report No. UCB / SESM-82 / 08, Div of Struct Eng Struct Mech Berke ley California, 1982.
[24] 狄生林，杂交混合模型数值性能的优化理论及其在固体力学问题和RC壳非线性分析中的应用．东南大学博士学位论文，1988．
[25] 范志良，正交各向异性板壳和钢筋混凝土板壳几何和物理非线性有限元分析，东南大学博士学位论文，1991．
[26] concrete slabs and shells considering geometric and physical non-linearing. Inginieur—Archiv, 1985, 51 (1).
[27] Wu Zhishen, Tension stiffness model for cracked reinforced concrete. J, Struct. Engng. ASCE, 1991, 117(3).
[28] Bazant E P, Garatmrova P. Rough cracks in reinforced concrete. J Struct Div ASCE. 1980, I06(4).
[29] Bazant Z P. Crack band theory for fracture of concrete, RIIEM Materials and Structures, 1983.
[30] Scordelis A C. Past, present and future developments in finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structure. Edited by Meyer C and OKamura H, 1985.
[31] 国家建委建筑科学研究院，钢筋混凝土结构研究报告选集，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1977．
[32] Cheung N S, Wenchang Li. Finite strip method for materially nonlinear analys～of reinforced concrete slabs. Comput Struct, 1990, 35(5).
[33] 方自虎．非线性有限条方法及其在钢筋混凝土结构分析中的应用．东南大学博士学位论文．1992．
[34] Chen C J. B-spline compound strip analysis of stiffened plates under transverse loading. Comput Struct, 1990, 34(3).
[35] 邬忠强，宋启根．钢筋混凝土板的样条有限元非线性分析．东南大学学报，1991，21(4)．
[36] 严东晋，薛国亚．宋启根．RC板系节间元模型的非线性分析法．东南大学学报，1994，24(3)．
[37] 宋启根．钢筋混凝土单向支承板在集中荷载下的简化非线性分析．土木工程学报，1990，23(3)．
[38] 朱伯龙，董振祥．钢筋混凝土非线性分析．上海：同济大学出版社，1985．
[39] 宋启根，单炳梓，金芷生等．钢筋混凝土力学．南京：南京工学院出版社，1986．
[40] Chen W F. Plasticity in reinforced concrete. New York, St Louis San Francisco etc, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982.
[41] 丁大钧，单炳梓．工程塑性力学．南京：南京工学院出版社，1986．
[42] 蒋大骅，粘结力试件的一种新型式，同济大学学报，1984，43(2)．
[43] 钱在兹，混凝土三向应力破坏的强度计算准则．浙江大学学报，1088，22(2)：64～75．
[44] Balmer G G Shearing strength of concrete under high triaxial stress-computation of mohr'S envelop as a curve. Bur Reclam Struct Res Lab Rep SP-23.
[45] Richart F E, Brandtzaeg A, Brown R L A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses. Univ Lll Eng Exp Stn Bull 185, Urbana, 1928.
[46] Vermeer P A and Borsl D R Non—associated plasticity for soils. Concrete and Rock. Heror, 1984, 29(3).
[47] Balakrishnan S, Murray D W. Concrete constitutive model for NLFE analysis of structures. J Struct Engng ASCE, 1988, 114(7).
[48] Bazant Z P, Bhet P D. Endochronic theory of inelasticit),and failure of concrete. J Eng Mech DiV ASCE, 1976.
[49] Bazant Z P. Advances in deformation and failure modes for concrete. Introductory Re-port, IABSE, CoUoquium on Advanced Meohanics of Reinforced Concrete, Delft, 1981.
[50] Bazant Z P. Comment on orthotropic modeIs for concrete and geo-materials. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1983.
[51] Buyukozturk O C. A constitutive model for oanorete in oampreasion. In: Proc, 3rd Eng Meoh Div Speci Conf ASCE, Aastin, 1979.
[52] Linse D. H. Aschl H. Tests on the behavior of concrete under multi-axial Stresses. Tech Utliv Munich Dep Reinforced Concr. Rep. 1976, May.
[53] Taswji M E, Slate F O, Nilson A. H. Stress-strain response and fracture of concrete in biaxial loading. ACI J 1978, 75(7).
[54] Chen W F, Suzuki H. Constitutive models for concrete. Comput Struct 1980, 12(1): 23～32.
[55] Chert w F, Ting E C. Constitutive models for concrete Structures. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1980, 106(EMI): 1～19.
[56] Elwi AA, Murray D W. A 3D Hypoelastic concrete constitutive relationship. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1979, 105(EM4).
[57] Broms B B. Technique for investigation of internal cracks in reinforced members. ACI J, 1965, 62(1).
[58] Goto T. Cracks formed in concrete around deformed bars. ACI J 1971, 68(4): 121～127.
[59] Plaines P. Bond relaxation and bond-slip creep under monotonic and cyclic actions. Bond in Concrete, 1982.
[60] Ninon A H. Internal measurement of bond slip. ACI J, 1972.
[61] 狄生林．钢筋混凝土梁的非线性有限元分析．南京工学院学报，1984，14(2)．
[62] 邵卓民，沈文静，徐有邻，钢筋混凝土的锚固可靠度及锚固设计，建筑结构学报，1987．
[63] 赵晓华，宋启根，薛国亚，钢筋混凝土梁裂纹扩展荷载的断裂力学研究，东南大学学报，1991．
[64] Owen DR J, Hinton E. Finite elements in plasticity: Theory and Practice. Swansed: Pineridge Press, 1980.
[65] Hillerbory A. The influen～of tensile toughness of concrete on the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures. In: Proc. 9th Congress of the PIP. Stockholm, Vol.1, 1982.
[66] Cervenka V. Gerstie K H. Inelastic analysis of reinforced concrete panels. In: Proc Inter Association for Bridge and Structura Engineering, Vol.31～11. 1971.
[67] 陈科，单调、反复荷载下钢筋混凝土非线性有限元分析，南京工学院硕士学位论文，1987．
[68] Cook R D Concept and applications of finite element analvsis. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1981.
[69] 许庆尧，用有限单元法分析钢筋混凝土结构，华东水利学院学报，1981，6(1)．
[70] 宋启根，钢筋混凝土梁的裂纹开展和粘结机理的探讨，南京工学院学报，14，土木工程专辑，1984：1～14．
[71] 华东水利学院，弹性力学问题的有限单元法，北京：水利电力出版社，1978．
[72] 宋启根，用有限元法探讨钢筋混凝土粘结试件，南京工学院学报，1981．
[73] 范志良，宋启根，钢筋混凝土矩形板非线性有限元分析，东南大学学报，1990．
[74] 王勋成，邵敏，有限元法基本原理与数值方法，北京：清华大学出版社，1988．
[75] 钱在兹，混凝土三向应力破坏的计算准则，浙江大学学报，1988，22(2)．
[2] 荆广生，孙锁泰，材料力学，东南大学出版社，1994．11．
[3] 朱以文，Algor Super FEAS软件的分析计算模块数据文件格式，水利部天津勘测设计院，北京四通集团武汉四通公司，1991．9．
[4] 朱以文，韦庆如，顾伯达，微机有限元前后处理系统Vizi CAD及其应用，科学技术文献出版社，1993．12．
[5] 朱以文，有限元专用CAD系统Vizi CAD及其使用，水利部天津勘测设计院，北京四通集团武汉四通公司，1991．9．
[6] 张允真 曹富新，弹性力学及其有限元法[M]，中国铁道出版社 1983年3月．
[7] 彭宣茂，吊杆拱桥吊杆初始张拉力的计算方法[Jr]，水利水电科技进展2000，(6)．
[8] Ngo D and Scordelis A C Finite element analysis Of reinforced concrete.beams. ACI J, 1967, 64(3).
[9] 美国土木工程师学会《钢筋混凝土有限元分析》委员会；周氐，李泳偕，许庆尧译，钢筋混凝土有限元分析，河海大学出版社，1988．
[10] Nilson A H.Non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete by the finite element method, ACI J, 1968, 65(9).
[11] Scordelis A C Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures. In: Proc Spec Conf Finite Element Method Civ Eng, Montreal, 1972.
[12] Jofriet J. C, MeNeice G M. Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete slabs. J Struct Div ASCE, 1971, 97(ST3).
[13] Hand F R Nonlinear analysis of RC plates and shells. J. Struct. Div, ASCE, 1973, 99(ST7).
[14] Evans R H, Marathe M S. Microcracking and stress-strain curves for concrete in tension. Materiaux of Constraclion, 1968, Jan-Feb.
[15] Kupfer H, Hilsdoff H K, Rusch. H. Behavior Of concrete under biaxial。 stresses. ACI J, 1969, 66(8).
[16] Drucker D C, Prager W. Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design. Q Ap-pl Math, 1952, 10(2).
[17] Chen A C T, and Chen W F. constitutive, relations for concrete. J Engng Mech Div ASCE, 1975, 10(2).
[18] Willam K J, Warnke E P. Constitutive models for the tfiaxial behavior of concrete. Int Assoc Bridge Struct Eng Proc,1975, 19.
[19] Ottosen N S. A failure criterion. J Eng Mech DivASCE, 1977, 103(EM4).
[20] Ottosen N S. Constitutive model for short time loading of concrete. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1979, 105(EMI).
[21] Mirza M S, Houde J. Study of bond stress-slip relationships in reinforced concrete. ACI J, 1979, 76(1).
[22] Milford R V.Schnobrich W C Nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete cooling towers. Civil Eng, Studies. University of Illinois, Urbana, USA, 1984.
[23] Chan E C. Nonlinear geometric, material and time dependent analysis of reinforced concrete shells with edge beams. Report No. UCB / SESM-82 / 08, Div of Struct Eng Struct Mech Berke ley California, 1982.
[24] 狄生林，杂交混合模型数值性能的优化理论及其在固体力学问题和RC壳非线性分析中的应用．东南大学博士学位论文，1988．
[25] 范志良，正交各向异性板壳和钢筋混凝土板壳几何和物理非线性有限元分析，东南大学博士学位论文，1991．
[26] concrete slabs and shells considering geometric and physical non-linearing. Inginieur—Archiv, 1985, 51 (1).
[27] Wu Zhishen, Tension stiffness model for cracked reinforced concrete. J, Struct. Engng. ASCE, 1991, 117(3).
[28] Bazant E P, Garatmrova P. Rough cracks in reinforced concrete. J Struct Div ASCE. 1980, I06(4).
[29] Bazant Z P. Crack band theory for fracture of concrete, RIIEM Materials and Structures, 1983.
[30] Scordelis A C. Past, present and future developments in finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structure. Edited by Meyer C and OKamura H, 1985.
[31] 国家建委建筑科学研究院，钢筋混凝土结构研究报告选集，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1977．
[32] Cheung N S, Wenchang Li. Finite strip method for materially nonlinear analys～of reinforced concrete slabs. Comput Struct, 1990, 35(5).
[33] 方自虎．非线性有限条方法及其在钢筋混凝土结构分析中的应用．东南大学博士学位论文．1992．
[34] Chen C J. B-spline compound strip analysis of stiffened plates under transverse loading. Comput Struct, 1990, 34(3).
[35] 邬忠强，宋启根．钢筋混凝土板的样条有限元非线性分析．东南大学学报，1991，21(4)．
[36] 严东晋，薛国亚．宋启根．RC板系节间元模型的非线性分析法．东南大学学报，1994，24(3)．
[37] 宋启根．钢筋混凝土单向支承板在集中荷载下的简化非线性分析．土木工程学报，1990，23(3)．
[38] 朱伯龙，董振祥．钢筋混凝土非线性分析．上海：同济大学出版社，1985．
[39] 宋启根，单炳梓，金芷生等．钢筋混凝土力学．南京：南京工学院出版社，1986．
[40] Chen W F. Plasticity in reinforced concrete. New York, St Louis San Francisco etc, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982.
[41] 丁大钧，单炳梓．工程塑性力学．南京：南京工学院出版社，1986．
[42] 蒋大骅，粘结力试件的一种新型式，同济大学学报，1984，43(2)．
[43] 钱在兹，混凝土三向应力破坏的强度计算准则．浙江大学学报，1088，22(2)：64～75．
[44] Balmer G G Shearing strength of concrete under high triaxial stress-computation of mohr'S envelop as a curve. Bur Reclam Struct Res Lab Rep SP-23.
[45] Richart F E, Brandtzaeg A, Brown R L A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses. Univ Lll Eng Exp Stn Bull 185, Urbana, 1928.
[46] Vermeer P A and Borsl D R Non—associated plasticity for soils. Concrete and Rock. Heror, 1984, 29(3).
[47] Balakrishnan S, Murray D W. Concrete constitutive model for NLFE analysis of structures. J Struct Engng ASCE, 1988, 114(7).
[48] Bazant Z P, Bhet P D. Endochronic theory of inelasticit),and failure of concrete. J Eng Mech DiV ASCE, 1976.
[49] Bazant Z P. Advances in deformation and failure modes for concrete. Introductory Re-port, IABSE, CoUoquium on Advanced Meohanics of Reinforced Concrete, Delft, 1981.
[50] Bazant Z P. Comment on orthotropic modeIs for concrete and geo-materials. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1983.
[51] Buyukozturk O C. A constitutive model for oanorete in oampreasion. In: Proc, 3rd Eng Meoh Div Speci Conf ASCE, Aastin, 1979.
[52] Linse D. H. Aschl H. Tests on the behavior of concrete under multi-axial Stresses. Tech Utliv Munich Dep Reinforced Concr. Rep. 1976, May.
[53] Taswji M E, Slate F O, Nilson A. H. Stress-strain response and fracture of concrete in biaxial loading. ACI J 1978, 75(7).
[54] Chen W F, Suzuki H. Constitutive models for concrete. Comput Struct 1980, 12(1): 23～32.
[55] Chert w F, Ting E C. Constitutive models for concrete Structures. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1980, 106(EMI): 1～19.
[56] Elwi AA, Murray D W. A 3D Hypoelastic concrete constitutive relationship. J Eng Mech Div ASCE, 1979, 105(EM4).
[57] Broms B B. Technique for investigation of internal cracks in reinforced members. ACI J, 1965, 62(1).
[58] Goto T. Cracks formed in concrete around deformed bars. ACI J 1971, 68(4): 121～127.
[59] Plaines P. Bond relaxation and bond-slip creep under monotonic and cyclic actions. Bond in Concrete, 1982.
[60] Ninon A H. Internal measurement of bond slip. ACI J, 1972.
[61] 狄生林．钢筋混凝土梁的非线性有限元分析．南京工学院学报，1984，14(2)．
[62] 邵卓民，沈文静，徐有邻，钢筋混凝土的锚固可靠度及锚固设计，建筑结构学报，1987．
[63] 赵晓华，宋启根，薛国亚，钢筋混凝土梁裂纹扩展荷载的断裂力学研究，东南大学学报，1991．
[64] Owen DR J, Hinton E. Finite elements in plasticity: Theory and Practice. Swansed: Pineridge Press, 1980.
[65] Hillerbory A. The influen～of tensile toughness of concrete on the behaviour of reinforced concrete structures. In: Proc. 9th Congress of the PIP. Stockholm, Vol.1, 1982.
[66] Cervenka V. Gerstie K H. Inelastic analysis of reinforced concrete panels. In: Proc Inter Association for Bridge and Structura Engineering, Vol.31～11. 1971.
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