基于OWL本体和描述逻辑的WEB服务匹配模型及算法研究
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摘要
Web Service是封装成单个实体并发布到网络上以供其他程序使用的功能集合,是新一代部署在网络上的对象组件。Web Service的中心思想是围绕服务的发布(publish)、查找(find)和绑定(bind)展开。
为了实现对Web Service的准确定位,为了获得更多的优质服务,需要提供一种高效的服务发现和服务匹配机制。本文提出了基于描述逻辑和本体的Web服务匹配模型,通过两者的有机结合实现语义级服务匹配的智能化。该模型主要包括服务注册模块、推理模块、服务匹配模块、服务提供者和服务需求者五个部分组成。
论文对服务匹配算法进行了改进,提出了概念级、功能级和非功能级服务匹配算法。通过分层服务匹配机制,提高了服务匹配的准确率和精确度。最后结合具体实例对服务匹配过程进行了详细分析,对匹配结果产生的多服务返回结果问题,采用自底向上的服务分级方法加以解决。
本文提出服务匹配系统在公共信息查询系统CIQS中的具体应用。将基于本体和描述逻辑的服务匹配系统应用到CIQS中,可以提高信息检索的准确性和精确度,克服了传统的基于关键字信息搜索的不足。
Web Services are loosely coupled software components delivered over Internet standard technologies. The main idea of Web Service is publishing, finding and binding service.
In order to realize precise location of Web Service and get better Web Service, we must provide an efficient Web Service finding and Web Service matching mechanism. A Web Service matching model which can realize intelligent Web Service matching based on description logic and ontology is provided in this paper. The model includes five parts, that is, Web Service regestry, Web Service inference, Web Service matching , Web Service provider and Web Service requestor .
A Web Service matching arithmetic is improved in this paper. The service matching arithmetic is three-level matching arithmetic, concept level, function level and nofunction level. Through level-depatching mechanism, correction and precision is improved. Lastly, Web Service matching procedure is analized corresponding concret example. In order to solve multi-service results problem, service depatching method from bottom level to upper level is provided.
In order to improve information seaching correction and precision, Web Service matching system based on description logic and ontology is applied to CIQS, as a result, the lack of traditional information seaching based on keyword is avoided.
为了实现对Web Service的准确定位,为了获得更多的优质服务,需要提供一种高效的服务发现和服务匹配机制。本文提出了基于描述逻辑和本体的Web服务匹配模型,通过两者的有机结合实现语义级服务匹配的智能化。该模型主要包括服务注册模块、推理模块、服务匹配模块、服务提供者和服务需求者五个部分组成。
论文对服务匹配算法进行了改进,提出了概念级、功能级和非功能级服务匹配算法。通过分层服务匹配机制,提高了服务匹配的准确率和精确度。最后结合具体实例对服务匹配过程进行了详细分析,对匹配结果产生的多服务返回结果问题,采用自底向上的服务分级方法加以解决。
本文提出服务匹配系统在公共信息查询系统CIQS中的具体应用。将基于本体和描述逻辑的服务匹配系统应用到CIQS中,可以提高信息检索的准确性和精确度,克服了传统的基于关键字信息搜索的不足。
Web Services are loosely coupled software components delivered over Internet standard technologies. The main idea of Web Service is publishing, finding and binding service.
In order to realize precise location of Web Service and get better Web Service, we must provide an efficient Web Service finding and Web Service matching mechanism. A Web Service matching model which can realize intelligent Web Service matching based on description logic and ontology is provided in this paper. The model includes five parts, that is, Web Service regestry, Web Service inference, Web Service matching , Web Service provider and Web Service requestor .
A Web Service matching arithmetic is improved in this paper. The service matching arithmetic is three-level matching arithmetic, concept level, function level and nofunction level. Through level-depatching mechanism, correction and precision is improved. Lastly, Web Service matching procedure is analized corresponding concret example. In order to solve multi-service results problem, service depatching method from bottom level to upper level is provided.
In order to improve information seaching correction and precision, Web Service matching system based on description logic and ontology is applied to CIQS, as a result, the lack of traditional information seaching based on keyword is avoided.
引文
[1] 杜小勇等. 语义Web与本体研究综述[J]. 计算机应用. 2004,10(24):15-20
[2] Rosario, Uocda,sosa,et al CLOVE:A Framework to Design Ontology Views.In:P Atxni,et al:ER 2004, LNCS3288. Springer-Verlag,2004
[3] Jens Hartmann,et al. Ontology Metadata Vocabulary and Application. In:R.Meersman,et al. OTM Workshops 2005,LNCS 3762. Springer-Verlag,2005
[4] Mehul Bhatt,et al. Semantic Completeness in Sub-Ontology Extraction Using Distributed Methods. In:Alagan et al.ICCSA 2004,LNCS 3045.Springer-Verlag,2005
[5] Table 1.Ontology Editor Survey Results.http://www.xml.com/2004/07/14/Examples/Ontology-Editor-Survey. 2004
[6] Yannis Kslgohlou,Maroo Schorlemmer. Ontology Mapping:the State of the Art.The Knowledge Engineering Review.2003,(18)
[7] 李志平,孙瑜. 基于本体的查询系统研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用. 2004,(34):186-188
[8] 罗洋,曾国荪. 基于本体语义的网格服务能力匹配算法[J]. 计算机应用, 2004,6(9): 52-55
[9] 刘云霞等. 谓词逻辑描述下的归结推理方法[J]. 周口师范学院学报.2003,2(20):63-66
[10] 周青,伍丽华. 逻辑推理与算术运算合并系统的理论分析[J]. 计算机学报.2004,8(27):1109-1114
[11] 吴强. 语义Web中以描述逻辑为本体语言的推理[J].计算机工程与应用.2003,6(33):29-34
[12] Singh N. A common Lisp API and facilitator for ABSI.Computer Science Department,Stanford University,USA:Technical Report:Report-Logic-93-4,1993
[13] Kuokka D.,Harrada L..On using KQM for matchmaking.In:Lesser Ved. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems,ICMAS95. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1995,239-245
[14] Bayardo R.J.,Bohrer W.,Brice R. et al..InfoSleuth:Agent-based semantic integration of information in open and dynamic environments.In:HuhnsM.N.,Singh M.P. eds. Readings in Agents. St Louis:Morgan Kaufmann Press,1998,205-216
[15] Sycara K.,Widoff S.,Klusch M.,Lu J..LARKS:Dynamic matchmaking among heterogenous software agents in cyberspace.Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems,2002,5(2):173-203
[16] Arisha K.,Kraus s.,Ozcan F. et al. The interactive Maryland platform for agents collaborating together.IEEE Intelligent Systems,1999,14(2):64-72
[17] Conzalez-Castillo J.,Trastour D.,Bartolini C..Description logics for matchmaking of services. In:Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Description Logics,Vienna,2001,74-85
[18] Tom Bellwood, Luc Clement, David Ehnebuske,et al. UDDI version 3.0 published specification. Technical report,www.uddi.org, 2002
[19] Roberto Chinnici, Martin Gudgin, Jean J. Moreau,et al.WebServices Description Language (WSDL) Version 1.2. Technical report, www.w3c.org,2002
[20] 王春虹,何志林.WEB服务的发展与应用[J]. 网络通讯与安全.2006,43-46
[21] 楚西岳,韩元杰.Web服务及其应用前景展望[J]. 计算机技术与自动化. 2006,4(25):237-240
[22] 蒋继承等. 用SOAP和WSDL实现异质应用系统的无缝衔接[J]. 计算机应用.2004,146-149
[23] Don Box, David Ehnebuske, Gopal Kakivaya, et al. Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP) 1.1. Technical report, www.w3c.org, 2000
[24] 朱江等. SOAP协议与分布式应用研究[J]. 微处理机.2006,12-15
[25] 胡佳辉. 基于UDDI的Web服务平台研究[J]. 计算机技术与发展.2006,11(16):7-12
[26] 陈晶等. 基于Web Services的信息服务系统设计与实现[J]. 燕山大学学报.2006,6(30):526-530
[27] 张龙. SOAP、CORBA及DCOM的分析与比较[J]. 计算机教育. 2006,236-238
[28] 吴岳忠,李长云. Web服务技术综述[J]. 株洲工学院学报. 2006,6(20):127-130
[29] 员红娟等.基于语义的Web服务发现核心技术研究[J]. 计算机应用. 2006,11(26):2661-2664
[30] 梁咏,张志浩. 一种基于语义的Web服务匹配算法[J]. 微型电脑应用.2006,12(22):52-55
[31] David Trastour, Claudio Bartolini, and Javier Gonzalez-Castillo. A semantic Webapproach to service description for matchmaking of services. InProceedings of the First Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS), 2001, 447–461
[32] Joachim Peer. Bringing together Semantic Web and Web services. In Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), number 2342 in LectureNotes in Computer Science, pages 279–291. Springer-Verlag, 2002.
[33] 李文斌. 对OWL及其逻辑基础的研究[J]. 计算机应用, 2004(3): 144-148
[34] Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Patrick Hayes, and Ian Horrocks. OWL web ontologylanguage semantics and abstract syntax. Technical report, www.w3c.org, 2004
[35] Francisco Curbera, Yaron Goland, Johannes Klein, et al. Business process execution language for Web services,version 1.0. Technical report, www.ibm.com, 2002
[36] Kaarthik Sivashanmugam, Kunal Verma, Amit Sheth, and John Miller. Addingsemantics to Web services standards. In Proceedings of the First International Conferenceon Web Services (ICWS), pages 395–401. CSREA Press, 2003.
[37] Ian Horrocks, Frank V. Harmelen, Peter Patel-Schneider, et al.DAML+OIL. Technical report, www.daml.org, 2001
[38] 蒋运承. 多主体系统中的动态服务匹配[J]. 电子学报, 2004, (3): 457-461
[39] 史忠植. 基于描述逻辑的主体服务匹配[J]. 计算机学报, 2005, (4): 45-48
[40] The OWL Services Coalition. OWL-S: Semantic markup for Web Services. Technicalreport, www.daml.org, 2003
[41] Vilas Wuwongse, Chutiporn Anutariya, Kiyoshi Akama,et al.XML Declarative Description (XDD): A language for the Semantic Web.IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2001, 16(3): 35-38
[42] K. Akama. Declarative semantics of logic programs onparameterized representationsystem. Advances in Software Science and Technology, 1993, (12): 38-49
[43] U. Ogbuji. Supercharging WSDL with RDF - Managing structured Web Service metadata. IBM developerWorks article, 2000
[44] Ora Lassila and Ralph R. Swick. Resource description framework(RDF) model andsyntax specification. Technical report, www.w3c.org, February 1999
[45] Hayes P.RDF Semantics.http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mo, 2004, (5): 625-635
[46] J. Hendler and D. L. McGuinness. The DARPA agent markup language.IEEEIntelligent Systems, 2000, 15(6): 72–73
[47] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, and Steven Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: EnablingScalable Virtual Organizations. The International Journal of High PerformanceComputing Applications, 2001,15(3):200–222
[48] Mike Dean, Dan Connolly, Frank V. Harmelen, et al. Web OntologyLanguage (OWL) reference version 1.0. Technical report, www.w3c.org, 2002
[49] Dean M,Schreiber G. OWL Web Ontology Language Reference.http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/
[50] Massimo Paolucci, Takahiro Kawamura, Terry R. Payne, et al.Semanticmatching of Web services capabilities. In Proceedings of the First InternationalSemantic Web Conference (ISWC), volume 2342 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002,333–347
[51] Gruber T.A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition,1993, 5(2): 199
[52] Ian Horrocks. The FaCT System. In Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableauxand Related Methods: International Conference Tableaux’98, volume 1397 of LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence, 1998, 307-312
[53] Volker Haarslev and Ralf Moller. RACER system description. volume 2083 of LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence, 2001,701-705
[54] M. Schmidt-Schauss and G. Smolka. Attributive concept descriptions with complements.Artificial Intelligence, 1991,(48): 1–26
[55] F. Baader and P. Hanschke. A scheme for integrating concrete domains into conceptlanguages. In Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on ArtificialIntelligence, IJCAI-91, 1991,452-457
[56] Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Frank Van Harmelen. From SHIQ andRDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. Journal of Web Semantics, 2003, 1(1): 7-26
[57] Benjamin N. Grosof, Ian Horrocks, Raphael Volz, and Stefan Decker. DescriptionLogic Programs: Combining Logic Programs with Description Logic. In Proceedingsof the Twelfth International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW), 2003, 48-57.
[58] 刘进. Web本体语言的逻辑语义分析的研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2005, (31): 6-10
[59] 袁占亭. 基于概念的Web信息检索[J]. 计算机工程与应用,2003, (36): 173-177
[60] Paolucci M,Kawamura T, Payne TR, et al. Importing the Semantic Web inUDDI[C]. Web Services, E-Business and Semantic Web Workshop, 2002
[61] 高振国,杨孝宗. 服务发现技术中的服务描述和服务匹配技术[J]. 计算机工程与设计, 2005,4(12): 3313-3316
[62] 任波. 基于功能的Web服务语义相似匹配[J]. 计算机工程, 2006, 6(2): 206-208
[63] 侯冕. 基于语义Web本体语言的推理机引擎的实现[J]. 学术论文, 2005, 4(7): 41-43
[64] 尹晓璐. 基于语义的Web服务查询[J]. 实验科学与技术, 2005, 5(1): 31-34
[65] Natalya F. Noy, Michael Sintek, Stefan Decker, et al.Creating Semantic Web Contents with Protege-2000. IEEEIntelligent Systems, 2001, 2(16): 60-71
[2] Rosario, Uocda,sosa,et al CLOVE:A Framework to Design Ontology Views.In:P Atxni,et al:ER 2004, LNCS3288. Springer-Verlag,2004
[3] Jens Hartmann,et al. Ontology Metadata Vocabulary and Application. In:R.Meersman,et al. OTM Workshops 2005,LNCS 3762. Springer-Verlag,2005
[4] Mehul Bhatt,et al. Semantic Completeness in Sub-Ontology Extraction Using Distributed Methods. In:Alagan et al.ICCSA 2004,LNCS 3045.Springer-Verlag,2005
[5] Table 1.Ontology Editor Survey Results.http://www.xml.com/2004/07/14/Examples/Ontology-Editor-Survey. 2004
[6] Yannis Kslgohlou,Maroo Schorlemmer. Ontology Mapping:the State of the Art.The Knowledge Engineering Review.2003,(18)
[7] 李志平,孙瑜. 基于本体的查询系统研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用. 2004,(34):186-188
[8] 罗洋,曾国荪. 基于本体语义的网格服务能力匹配算法[J]. 计算机应用, 2004,6(9): 52-55
[9] 刘云霞等. 谓词逻辑描述下的归结推理方法[J]. 周口师范学院学报.2003,2(20):63-66
[10] 周青,伍丽华. 逻辑推理与算术运算合并系统的理论分析[J]. 计算机学报.2004,8(27):1109-1114
[11] 吴强. 语义Web中以描述逻辑为本体语言的推理[J].计算机工程与应用.2003,6(33):29-34
[12] Singh N. A common Lisp API and facilitator for ABSI.Computer Science Department,Stanford University,USA:Technical Report:Report-Logic-93-4,1993
[13] Kuokka D.,Harrada L..On using KQM for matchmaking.In:Lesser Ved. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems,ICMAS95. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1995,239-245
[14] Bayardo R.J.,Bohrer W.,Brice R. et al..InfoSleuth:Agent-based semantic integration of information in open and dynamic environments.In:HuhnsM.N.,Singh M.P. eds. Readings in Agents. St Louis:Morgan Kaufmann Press,1998,205-216
[15] Sycara K.,Widoff S.,Klusch M.,Lu J..LARKS:Dynamic matchmaking among heterogenous software agents in cyberspace.Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems,2002,5(2):173-203
[16] Arisha K.,Kraus s.,Ozcan F. et al. The interactive Maryland platform for agents collaborating together.IEEE Intelligent Systems,1999,14(2):64-72
[17] Conzalez-Castillo J.,Trastour D.,Bartolini C..Description logics for matchmaking of services. In:Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Description Logics,Vienna,2001,74-85
[18] Tom Bellwood, Luc Clement, David Ehnebuske,et al. UDDI version 3.0 published specification. Technical report,www.uddi.org, 2002
[19] Roberto Chinnici, Martin Gudgin, Jean J. Moreau,et al.WebServices Description Language (WSDL) Version 1.2. Technical report, www.w3c.org,2002
[20] 王春虹,何志林.WEB服务的发展与应用[J]. 网络通讯与安全.2006,43-46
[21] 楚西岳,韩元杰.Web服务及其应用前景展望[J]. 计算机技术与自动化. 2006,4(25):237-240
[22] 蒋继承等. 用SOAP和WSDL实现异质应用系统的无缝衔接[J]. 计算机应用.2004,146-149
[23] Don Box, David Ehnebuske, Gopal Kakivaya, et al. Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP) 1.1. Technical report, www.w3c.org, 2000
[24] 朱江等. SOAP协议与分布式应用研究[J]. 微处理机.2006,12-15
[25] 胡佳辉. 基于UDDI的Web服务平台研究[J]. 计算机技术与发展.2006,11(16):7-12
[26] 陈晶等. 基于Web Services的信息服务系统设计与实现[J]. 燕山大学学报.2006,6(30):526-530
[27] 张龙. SOAP、CORBA及DCOM的分析与比较[J]. 计算机教育. 2006,236-238
[28] 吴岳忠,李长云. Web服务技术综述[J]. 株洲工学院学报. 2006,6(20):127-130
[29] 员红娟等.基于语义的Web服务发现核心技术研究[J]. 计算机应用. 2006,11(26):2661-2664
[30] 梁咏,张志浩. 一种基于语义的Web服务匹配算法[J]. 微型电脑应用.2006,12(22):52-55
[31] David Trastour, Claudio Bartolini, and Javier Gonzalez-Castillo. A semantic Webapproach to service description for matchmaking of services. InProceedings of the First Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS), 2001, 447–461
[32] Joachim Peer. Bringing together Semantic Web and Web services. In Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), number 2342 in LectureNotes in Computer Science, pages 279–291. Springer-Verlag, 2002.
[33] 李文斌. 对OWL及其逻辑基础的研究[J]. 计算机应用, 2004(3): 144-148
[34] Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Patrick Hayes, and Ian Horrocks. OWL web ontologylanguage semantics and abstract syntax. Technical report, www.w3c.org, 2004
[35] Francisco Curbera, Yaron Goland, Johannes Klein, et al. Business process execution language for Web services,version 1.0. Technical report, www.ibm.com, 2002
[36] Kaarthik Sivashanmugam, Kunal Verma, Amit Sheth, and John Miller. Addingsemantics to Web services standards. In Proceedings of the First International Conferenceon Web Services (ICWS), pages 395–401. CSREA Press, 2003.
[37] Ian Horrocks, Frank V. Harmelen, Peter Patel-Schneider, et al.DAML+OIL. Technical report, www.daml.org, 2001
[38] 蒋运承. 多主体系统中的动态服务匹配[J]. 电子学报, 2004, (3): 457-461
[39] 史忠植. 基于描述逻辑的主体服务匹配[J]. 计算机学报, 2005, (4): 45-48
[40] The OWL Services Coalition. OWL-S: Semantic markup for Web Services. Technicalreport, www.daml.org, 2003
[41] Vilas Wuwongse, Chutiporn Anutariya, Kiyoshi Akama,et al.XML Declarative Description (XDD): A language for the Semantic Web.IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2001, 16(3): 35-38
[42] K. Akama. Declarative semantics of logic programs onparameterized representationsystem. Advances in Software Science and Technology, 1993, (12): 38-49
[43] U. Ogbuji. Supercharging WSDL with RDF - Managing structured Web Service metadata. IBM developerWorks article, 2000
[44] Ora Lassila and Ralph R. Swick. Resource description framework(RDF) model andsyntax specification. Technical report, www.w3c.org, February 1999
[45] Hayes P.RDF Semantics.http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mo, 2004, (5): 625-635
[46] J. Hendler and D. L. McGuinness. The DARPA agent markup language.IEEEIntelligent Systems, 2000, 15(6): 72–73
[47] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, and Steven Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: EnablingScalable Virtual Organizations. The International Journal of High PerformanceComputing Applications, 2001,15(3):200–222
[48] Mike Dean, Dan Connolly, Frank V. Harmelen, et al. Web OntologyLanguage (OWL) reference version 1.0. Technical report, www.w3c.org, 2002
[49] Dean M,Schreiber G. OWL Web Ontology Language Reference.http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/
[50] Massimo Paolucci, Takahiro Kawamura, Terry R. Payne, et al.Semanticmatching of Web services capabilities. In Proceedings of the First InternationalSemantic Web Conference (ISWC), volume 2342 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002,333–347
[51] Gruber T.A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition,1993, 5(2): 199
[52] Ian Horrocks. The FaCT System. In Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableauxand Related Methods: International Conference Tableaux’98, volume 1397 of LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence, 1998, 307-312
[53] Volker Haarslev and Ralf Moller. RACER system description. volume 2083 of LectureNotes in Artificial Intelligence, 2001,701-705
[54] M. Schmidt-Schauss and G. Smolka. Attributive concept descriptions with complements.Artificial Intelligence, 1991,(48): 1–26
[55] F. Baader and P. Hanschke. A scheme for integrating concrete domains into conceptlanguages. In Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on ArtificialIntelligence, IJCAI-91, 1991,452-457
[56] Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Frank Van Harmelen. From SHIQ andRDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. Journal of Web Semantics, 2003, 1(1): 7-26
[57] Benjamin N. Grosof, Ian Horrocks, Raphael Volz, and Stefan Decker. DescriptionLogic Programs: Combining Logic Programs with Description Logic. In Proceedingsof the Twelfth International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW), 2003, 48-57.
[58] 刘进. Web本体语言的逻辑语义分析的研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2005, (31): 6-10
[59] 袁占亭. 基于概念的Web信息检索[J]. 计算机工程与应用,2003, (36): 173-177
[60] Paolucci M,Kawamura T, Payne TR, et al. Importing the Semantic Web inUDDI[C]. Web Services, E-Business and Semantic Web Workshop, 2002
[61] 高振国,杨孝宗. 服务发现技术中的服务描述和服务匹配技术[J]. 计算机工程与设计, 2005,4(12): 3313-3316
[62] 任波. 基于功能的Web服务语义相似匹配[J]. 计算机工程, 2006, 6(2): 206-208
[63] 侯冕. 基于语义Web本体语言的推理机引擎的实现[J]. 学术论文, 2005, 4(7): 41-43
[64] 尹晓璐. 基于语义的Web服务查询[J]. 实验科学与技术, 2005, 5(1): 31-34
[65] Natalya F. Noy, Michael Sintek, Stefan Decker, et al.Creating Semantic Web Contents with Protege-2000. IEEEIntelligent Systems, 2001, 2(16): 60-71