用.NET的Web Services 技术实现企业应用集成
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摘要
随着客户和商业伙伴对实时信息的期望的不断增长，企业不得不连接他们的那些异构的系统并将企业应用放到Web环境中，以此来增加产出、提高效率以满足客户的需要。但企业内部应用体系又过于复杂，使得企业应用集成(EAI)举步维艰。传统的企业应用集成大都是基于分布式计算技术实现。但在企业应用向Web环境延伸时，分布式计算技术遇到了巨大的障碍。因此，需要一种新的技术来实现企业应用集成向Web平台的平滑迁移。XML技术的出现，彻底解决了异构平台之间的数据表示和数据交换的问题；同时IBM、Microsoft等公司在XML技术的基础上制定了新的基于Web的访问协议，即SOAP协议。在这两项技术的基础上诞生了新的技术——Web services。
Web services是放置在Internet上的，并能通过Web进行调用的可重用构件。Web services不是EAI或者EAI的一部分，但Web services能够便捷实施EAI解决方案。用Web services进行EAI时，企业中原有的各应用模块封装成Web services后，Web services的查找和定位就成了一个必须解决的问题。
IBM、Microsoft和Ariba于2000年9月提出了UDDI(统一描述、发现和集成)规范，它解决了Web services的查找和定位问题。根据UDDI规范可以建立Web services注册中心，它类似于CORBA的Trader、Internet的DNS，使得企业能在该注册中心发布自己的Web Services或查找自己所需的服务。
本论文的主要工作是对UDDI规范进行了深入研究，力图根据该规范创建了一个Web services注册中心。在分析了该中心的数据结构、交互模型后构建了各个功能模块及其相关接口，用ASP．NET和C#语言以Web services方式实现了这一Web services注册中心。为方便企业发布和查找，该中心提供了多种接口和程序员API以便企业进行二次开发。通过客户端程序的成功调用说明这个注册中心是有效的。
With the increasing desire for real-time information by customers and business copartners, in order to satisfy the need of customers by increasing output and improving efficiency, the companies have to combine their heterogenous systems and transmit their application to the Web. It is too complex to complete Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) "among enterprise applications. The most of traditional EAI are based on distributed computing. When the enterprise applications transmit to the Web, the distributed computing occurs the huge obstacle. So we need a new technology to make EAI to transmit to the Web smoothly. With the occurrence of XML, it completely enables the data representation and exchange between the heterogenous platforms. On the base of XML technology, IBM and Microsoft established a new Internet-based access protocol named as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). XML and SOAP led to Web services born.
Web services is a kind of reused component in the internet. It can be invoked from the Web. Web services is neither EAI nor a part of EAI, but it can make EAI easier to implement. When we implement EAI with Web services, the question is how to find and locate a Web services after all kinds of models inside enterprise application encapsulated as Web services.
Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI) Specification was advanced by IBM, Microsoft and Ariba at September 2000. It resolves the question of finding and locating Web services. Just like CORBA's Trader and Internet's DNS, a Web services registry center can be established based on the UDDI Specification so the enterprises can publish their Web services and search the Web services they needed.
After studied the UDDI Specification deeply, the author want to establish a Web services registry center. After analyses the data structure and contact model the author build up its function models and interfaces. A Web services registry center is realized with ASP.NET and C# through Web services. The center provides some kinds of interfaces and programmer APIs to second development so the enterprises can make it easy to search and publish Web services. It shows that the registry center is valid
through the successfully invoked by client program.
Web services是放置在Internet上的，并能通过Web进行调用的可重用构件。Web services不是EAI或者EAI的一部分，但Web services能够便捷实施EAI解决方案。用Web services进行EAI时，企业中原有的各应用模块封装成Web services后，Web services的查找和定位就成了一个必须解决的问题。
IBM、Microsoft和Ariba于2000年9月提出了UDDI(统一描述、发现和集成)规范，它解决了Web services的查找和定位问题。根据UDDI规范可以建立Web services注册中心，它类似于CORBA的Trader、Internet的DNS，使得企业能在该注册中心发布自己的Web Services或查找自己所需的服务。
本论文的主要工作是对UDDI规范进行了深入研究，力图根据该规范创建了一个Web services注册中心。在分析了该中心的数据结构、交互模型后构建了各个功能模块及其相关接口，用ASP．NET和C#语言以Web services方式实现了这一Web services注册中心。为方便企业发布和查找，该中心提供了多种接口和程序员API以便企业进行二次开发。通过客户端程序的成功调用说明这个注册中心是有效的。
With the increasing desire for real-time information by customers and business copartners, in order to satisfy the need of customers by increasing output and improving efficiency, the companies have to combine their heterogenous systems and transmit their application to the Web. It is too complex to complete Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) "among enterprise applications. The most of traditional EAI are based on distributed computing. When the enterprise applications transmit to the Web, the distributed computing occurs the huge obstacle. So we need a new technology to make EAI to transmit to the Web smoothly. With the occurrence of XML, it completely enables the data representation and exchange between the heterogenous platforms. On the base of XML technology, IBM and Microsoft established a new Internet-based access protocol named as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). XML and SOAP led to Web services born.
Web services is a kind of reused component in the internet. It can be invoked from the Web. Web services is neither EAI nor a part of EAI, but it can make EAI easier to implement. When we implement EAI with Web services, the question is how to find and locate a Web services after all kinds of models inside enterprise application encapsulated as Web services.
Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI) Specification was advanced by IBM, Microsoft and Ariba at September 2000. It resolves the question of finding and locating Web services. Just like CORBA's Trader and Internet's DNS, a Web services registry center can be established based on the UDDI Specification so the enterprises can publish their Web services and search the Web services they needed.
After studied the UDDI Specification deeply, the author want to establish a Web services registry center. After analyses the data structure and contact model the author build up its function models and interfaces. A Web services registry center is realized with ASP.NET and C# through Web services. The center provides some kinds of interfaces and programmer APIs to second development so the enterprises can make it easy to search and publish Web services. It shows that the registry center is valid
through the successfully invoked by client program.
引文
[1]David Chappell著，侯捷，荣耀译，．NET大局观．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2003
[2]Alex Ferrara，Mattbew Mac Donald著，天宏工作室译，．NET Web服务编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[3]孙一中等，XML理论和应用基础．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[4]Richard Anderson，Brian Francis等著，王毅，杨浩等译，ASP．NET高级编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[5]Kevin Hoffman，Jeff Gabriel等著，汪钟鸣，战晓苏译，．NET Framework高级编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[6]Stephen Walther著，马朝辉等译，ASP．NET技术内幕．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[7]http://www-900.ibm.com/developer Works/cn/xml/theme/indexcxl. shtml
[8]http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/
[9]http://www.xmlconference.com/
[10]http://www.XMLspy.com/
[11]W3C XSLT[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt, 2001
[12]Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2068.txt
[13]George Scott, The Road to Web Services, W3C workshop on Web Services, April 11-12, 2001
[14]IBM, Web Services architecture overview, http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/, September 2000
[15]Mary Kirtland, A Platform for Web Services, Microsoft Developer Network, January 2001
[16]W3C, Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP) Version 1.1, http://www.w3c.org/TR/SOAP/, May 2000
[17]W3C, Web Service Descriptiong Language(WSDL) 1.1, http://www.w3c.org/TR/WSDL, March 2001
[18]Ariba、IBM&Microsoft: UDDI Technical White Paper. Sep 2000
[19]IBM: Web Services Description Language(WSDL)1.0. Sep 2000
[20]IBM: Web Services Conceptual Architecture(WSCA 1.0). May 2001
[21]Executive White Paper: http://uddi.org/pubs/UDDI_Executive_White_Paper.pdf
[22]UDDI Technical White Paper: http://www.uddi.org, sep 2000
[23]http://www.uddi-china.org/
[24]http://www.webserviees.org/
[25]孙凯，陈德人，基于UDDI和Web Service的应用模型研究，计算机应用研究，2003，5：133-146
[26]吴迪，陈钢，新一代的Web Services技术，计算机应用研究，2003，3：4-9
[27]刘刚，余晖，利用WSDL和UDDI为公共Web Service建立统一接口，计算机应用研究，2003，5：150-152
[28]陈天，申德荣，于戈，应用于虚拟企业的私有UDDI注册中心，计算机应用研究，2003，4：132-134
[29]胡迎松，彭利文，池楚兵，XML Web服务安全问题及其安全技术，2003，10：101-104
[30]http://uddi.microsoft.com/
[31]Martin Fowler，Kendall Scott著，徐家福译，UML精髓．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[32]http://www-306.ibm.com/software/solutions/webservices/uddi/
[33]http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-security.asp
[34]http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-license.asp
[35]http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-wsilspec.html
[36]http://seareh.jxta.org/protocol.html .
[37]UDDI Version 2.0 Data Structure Reference. UDDI Open Draft Specification [EB/OL]. http://www.uddi.org.pubs/DataStrueture-V2.00-Open-20010605.pdf
[38]UDDI Version 2.0 API Specification. UDDI Open Draft Specification[EB/OL]. http://www.uddi.org/pubs/ProgrammersAPI-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[39]Understanding WSDL in a UDDI Registry[EB/OL]. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-wsdl/, sep 2001
[40]Francesco M, Barbini. Fair Wis: a Virtual Organization Enabler [C].Proc. of OES-SEO2001
[41]黄立冬．基于UDDI的Web服务注册中心的原型实现：[硕士学位论文]．昆明：昆明理工大学自动化系，2003
[2]Alex Ferrara，Mattbew Mac Donald著，天宏工作室译，．NET Web服务编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[3]孙一中等，XML理论和应用基础．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[4]Richard Anderson，Brian Francis等著，王毅，杨浩等译，ASP．NET高级编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[5]Kevin Hoffman，Jeff Gabriel等著，汪钟鸣，战晓苏译，．NET Framework高级编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[6]Stephen Walther著，马朝辉等译，ASP．NET技术内幕．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[7]http://www-900.ibm.com/developer Works/cn/xml/theme/indexcxl. shtml
[8]http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/
[9]http://www.xmlconference.com/
[10]http://www.XMLspy.com/
[11]W3C XSLT[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt, 2001
[12]Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2068.txt
[13]George Scott, The Road to Web Services, W3C workshop on Web Services, April 11-12, 2001
[14]IBM, Web Services architecture overview, http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/, September 2000
[15]Mary Kirtland, A Platform for Web Services, Microsoft Developer Network, January 2001
[16]W3C, Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP) Version 1.1, http://www.w3c.org/TR/SOAP/, May 2000
[17]W3C, Web Service Descriptiong Language(WSDL) 1.1, http://www.w3c.org/TR/WSDL, March 2001
[18]Ariba、IBM&Microsoft: UDDI Technical White Paper. Sep 2000
[19]IBM: Web Services Description Language(WSDL)1.0. Sep 2000
[20]IBM: Web Services Conceptual Architecture(WSCA 1.0). May 2001
[21]Executive White Paper: http://uddi.org/pubs/UDDI_Executive_White_Paper.pdf
[22]UDDI Technical White Paper: http://www.uddi.org, sep 2000
[23]http://www.uddi-china.org/
[24]http://www.webserviees.org/
[25]孙凯，陈德人，基于UDDI和Web Service的应用模型研究，计算机应用研究，2003，5：133-146
[26]吴迪，陈钢，新一代的Web Services技术，计算机应用研究，2003，3：4-9
[27]刘刚，余晖，利用WSDL和UDDI为公共Web Service建立统一接口，计算机应用研究，2003，5：150-152
[28]陈天，申德荣，于戈，应用于虚拟企业的私有UDDI注册中心，计算机应用研究，2003，4：132-134
[29]胡迎松，彭利文，池楚兵，XML Web服务安全问题及其安全技术，2003，10：101-104
[30]http://uddi.microsoft.com/
[31]Martin Fowler，Kendall Scott著，徐家福译，UML精髓．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[32]http://www-306.ibm.com/software/solutions/webservices/uddi/
[33]http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-security.asp
[34]http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-license.asp
[35]http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-wsilspec.html
[36]http://seareh.jxta.org/protocol.html .
[37]UDDI Version 2.0 Data Structure Reference. UDDI Open Draft Specification [EB/OL]. http://www.uddi.org.pubs/DataStrueture-V2.00-Open-20010605.pdf
[38]UDDI Version 2.0 API Specification. UDDI Open Draft Specification[EB/OL]. http://www.uddi.org/pubs/ProgrammersAPI-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[39]Understanding WSDL in a UDDI Registry[EB/OL]. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-wsdl/, sep 2001
[40]Francesco M, Barbini. Fair Wis: a Virtual Organization Enabler [C].Proc. of OES-SEO2001
[41]黄立冬．基于UDDI的Web服务注册中心的原型实现：[硕士学位论文]．昆明：昆明理工大学自动化系，2003