基于心率变异和脑波分析的塑身腹带着装压力舒适性研究
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摘要
压力舒适性是服装舒适性,尤其是调整型功能内衣舒适性和功效研究中的一项重要内容。
目前对压力舒适性的研究主要是通过客观上直接测量服装压,主观上进行相关的感知评价,从而建立着装压迫感与舒适性的关系。压力舒适性由着装压力、人的生理、心理因素共同决定,客观压力测量,只能获得服装力学舒适性的部分指标,不能完全反映着装真正的舒适感觉;而主观评价,不具备任何的客观生理学意义,同时,又受主观因素影响较大。
从生理学角度看,人体自身的生理参数应该就是可有效地反映人体皮肤受压舒适状态的本质性的评价指标。用基于不同皮肤压力舒适状态时人体生理参数的差异情况来评价人体皮肤压力舒适,更为客观,同时由于引入了人体生理参数,评价结果还将具有重要生理学意义。
基于此,本文首次以人体皮肤着装受压时的电生理学指标——心率变异和脑波指标为参量,系统、定量地研究着装皮肤压对心率变异和脑波变化的显著影响规律,揭示着装压力舒适感的生理机制和心理机制,在此基础上,建立基于着装压力、人体心率变异和脑波指标的塑身腹带着装压力舒适性的预测评判系统。具体的研究工作与思路概括如下：
(1)选择对皮肤压迫感比较敏感的下胸围至小腹之间的人体躯体皮肤为研究对象,相应选择的调整型塑身内衣的代表产品为三类塑身腹带。主要通过穿着试验,测量塑身腹带的着装压力大小,分析影响着装压力大小的因素；比较腹带在人体腰腹部位产生的皮肤压分布,最后确定腹带在该躯体的皮肤压集中区为腹凸部位和腰侧部位。
(2)客观评价塑身腹带的着装压力对女性体型调整的影响。
使用[TC]2三维人体测量系统,进行塑身腹带穿着人体扫描试验,在[TC]2系统提供的三维人体点云数据的基础上,进行特征提取,获得受试者穿着三类腹带前后,胸围、下胸围、腰围、腹围、臀围五个特征部位围度、宽度、厚度及面积的特征值,利用对照法定量研究着装前后五个特征部位的形体变化规律；进一步提取五个部位的水平横截面曲线,从直观的角度定性评价塑身腹带压力对女性体型的调整效果。
(3)设计生理反馈实验,研究腰腹部位施加着装皮肤压对人体心率变异、脑波的显著影响规律。
结合RM6240C型生理信号采集系统,自制气囊式皮肤压测试仪,通过该仪器可主动控制施加于人体腰腹部位的着装皮肤压。使用实验腹带先后在受试者的腹凸和腰侧部位施加渐增皮肤压,并逐一分析在此皮肤压力下,人体心率变异和脑波指标的变化,获得着装皮肤压对人体心率变异、脑波的显著影响规律,进而探讨着装皮肤压物理量与人体生理指标、心理感觉之间的内在联系,揭示着装皮肤压舒适感的生理机制和心理机制,从生理学角度客观确定着装皮肤压舒适阈值；最后依据主观评价结果建立着装皮肤压舒适感指数。
(4)确定着装皮肤压舒适性的等级指标。
对受着装皮肤压力显著性影响的心率变异和脑波指标进行因子分析,得到表征着装皮肤压舒适性的两个因子：生理舒适因子和心理舒适因子：以生成的因子得分和皮肤压舒适感评价指数为数据基础,应用有序样本最优分割法,对观测样本进行聚类划分,依据显著性分段结果,将着装皮肤压舒适性划分为“优”、“良”、“差”三个等级指标。
(5)建立着装皮肤压舒适性预测评判模型。
以主受压区着装皮肤压、人体心率变异和脑波指标参数为响应变量,着装皮肤压舒适性指数为预测变量,分别用人工智能神经网络、支持向量机和随机森林三种先进的机器学习理论方法建立着装皮肤压舒适性的预测评判模型,并对三种模型的拟合效果用相关分析的方法加以检验。
(6)检验模型。
让受试者穿着塑身腹带进行生理反馈实验,以此检验着装皮肤压对人体心率变异和脑电指标的显著影响规律；检验三种预测评判模型的准确度,进而比较各种模型的判别效果,筛选最优判别方法。
本文的创新点主要体现在以下三个方面：
(1)首次系统、定量地研究着装压力对人体的心率变异与脑电波生理指标的影响,提出了进行着装压力舒适感觉定量评价的新思路。
(2)设计并自制的皮肤压测试仪可以对人体躯体施以不同大小的着装皮肤压、该测试仪的研究及用该测试仪完成的着装皮肤压对人体心率变异和脑波影响的实验,为今后在这方面的研究提供了基础理论和技术方法。
(3)首次应用人工智能神经网络、支持向量机、随机森林三种先进的机器学习理论方法建立基于着装皮肤压、人体生理和神经生理指标参数的着装皮肤压舒适性的预测模型,在物理学、生理学、心理学和信息统计科学之间形成了新的研究结合点。
本文的研究基于2006年教育部高校博士学科点专项科研基金的资金援助。
In the study of clothing comfort performance, evaluation of wearing pressure comfort is very important, particularly for the foundation garment.
Up to now, wearing pressure comfort is usually evaluated by objective measurement of clothing pressure, together with subjective pressure comfort ratings. Wearing pressure comfort performance is determined by both the clothing pressure and human's physiological, psychological factor, and therefore, only physical mechanics performance is attained by objective measurement of clothing pressure. Subjective pressure comfort ratings are of little objective physiological significance and at the same time, they are greatly influenced by human's subjective factor.
Physiologically, human's physiological parameters can be regarded as the essential evaluation index of skin pressure sensation. If the evaluation of wearing pressure comfort is based on the variation of human's physiological reaction while they feel comfortable or uncomfortable, it will be more objective. And moreover, by introducing the human's physiological parameters, the evaluation result is of physiological significance.
Therefore, in this study, human's electrophysiological parameters-heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were proposed to objectively evaluate wearing pressure comfort. By analyzing the effect of skin pressure on HRV and EEG. mechanism of skin pressure comfort was elucidated. Furthermore, the pressure comfort prediction model of wearing a waist-nipper on the basis of skin pressure, index of HRV and EEG was developed. The present work was described as follows:
(1) The skin extending from lower breast to lower abdomen was selected, which was sensitive for the skin pressure sensation, and three kinds of waist-nippers were chosen to be as the samples of foundation garments. By the subjects' wear trial, clothing pressure caused by the waist-nippers was measured, and impossible influence factors affecting clothing pressure were studied. Finally, where the local skin pressure was the largest was found to be the subjects'lower abdomen and lateral waist.
(2) To objectively evaluate the body modification effect of the three kinds of waist-nippers
By [TC]23D body scan and measurement system, the subjects'feature size of five feature parts was extracted before and after wear trial for comparing the enhancement effect. The five feature parts included the subjects' breast, lower breast, waist, lower abdomen and hip. The extracted feature size of each feature part included circumference, breadth, depth and area. Horizontal cross-section of each feature part was extracted further to qualitatively evaluate the body modification effect of the three styles of waist-nippers.
(3) To carry out an experiment on the physiological reaction for analyzing the effect of skin pressure on human's HRV and EEG activity
By means of RM6240C Multi-channel Physiological Signals Acquiring System, the skin pressure measuring instrument was made, which was used to control the magnitude of skin pressure exerted on the torso. Base on it. an experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of incremental skin pressure on the HRV and EEG activity in healthy young women. According to the result, significant regulations were found that how skin pressure influenced human's HRV and EEG activities. Relations of skin pressure to both physiological parameters and psychological sensation were analyzed. And a theoretical study of the mechanism of skin pressure comfort was discussed. And as a result, comfort threshold of skin pressure on the lower abdomen and on the lateral waist was found. Finally, skin pressure comfort index was established according to the subjective comfort ratings.
(4) To establish comfort grades of the skin pressure
Factor analysis was used within HRV and EEG variables to identify'the factors which could explain the correlation of a serial of variables. As a result, two factors were obtained, which were physiological comfort factor and psychological comfort factor. Based on the factor score and subjective ratings of skin pressure sensor)1comfort, the optimal segmentation method for orderly samples was made to classify the data. And according to the result of significant classification, the grades of skin pressure comfort were established objectively, which were "excellent","good" and "bad".
(5) To develop prediction models to predict wearing pressure comfort
Three kinds of machine learning methods. BPNN (back propagation neural network). SVM (support vector machine) and RF (random forest), were used to forecast the index of wearing pressure comfort. In the prediction models, skin pressure on the lower abdomen or on the lateral waist. HRV and EEG parameters were chosen as independents, and skin pressure comfort index was as dependent. The forecasting performance of the three models was checked by correlation analyzing method.
(6) To validate the models by carrying out the further experiment
A confirmatory test was carried out by the subjects'wear trial. By analyzing HRV and EEG variables when the subjects were wearing the three kinds of waist-nippers, one of the aims was to validate the significant regulations that how skin pressure influenced human's HRV and EEG activities, the other is to validate the three prediction models, and finally preference was made by comparing the prediction accuracy of the three models.
In the thesis, the innovation was described as follows:
(1) The effect of skin pressure on human's HRV and EEG activity was first investigated. It provided a new idea for assessing wearing pressure comfort objectively.
(2) A skin pressure measuring instrument was made, which could control the magnitude of skin pressure on the human body. It provided the technical method and basic theory for further research on clothing pressure comfort.
(3) Three kinds of advanced machine learning methods, BPNN. SVM and RF, were used to develop the model in the prediction of wearing pressure comfort, based on a series of variables including skin pressure, human's physiological and neurophysiologic parameters. It made a connection among the science of physics, physiology, psychology and statistics.
The project is financially supported by the research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China,2006(RFDP).
目前对压力舒适性的研究主要是通过客观上直接测量服装压,主观上进行相关的感知评价,从而建立着装压迫感与舒适性的关系。压力舒适性由着装压力、人的生理、心理因素共同决定,客观压力测量,只能获得服装力学舒适性的部分指标,不能完全反映着装真正的舒适感觉;而主观评价,不具备任何的客观生理学意义,同时,又受主观因素影响较大。
从生理学角度看,人体自身的生理参数应该就是可有效地反映人体皮肤受压舒适状态的本质性的评价指标。用基于不同皮肤压力舒适状态时人体生理参数的差异情况来评价人体皮肤压力舒适,更为客观,同时由于引入了人体生理参数,评价结果还将具有重要生理学意义。
基于此,本文首次以人体皮肤着装受压时的电生理学指标——心率变异和脑波指标为参量,系统、定量地研究着装皮肤压对心率变异和脑波变化的显著影响规律,揭示着装压力舒适感的生理机制和心理机制,在此基础上,建立基于着装压力、人体心率变异和脑波指标的塑身腹带着装压力舒适性的预测评判系统。具体的研究工作与思路概括如下：
(1)选择对皮肤压迫感比较敏感的下胸围至小腹之间的人体躯体皮肤为研究对象,相应选择的调整型塑身内衣的代表产品为三类塑身腹带。主要通过穿着试验,测量塑身腹带的着装压力大小,分析影响着装压力大小的因素；比较腹带在人体腰腹部位产生的皮肤压分布,最后确定腹带在该躯体的皮肤压集中区为腹凸部位和腰侧部位。
(2)客观评价塑身腹带的着装压力对女性体型调整的影响。
使用[TC]2三维人体测量系统,进行塑身腹带穿着人体扫描试验,在[TC]2系统提供的三维人体点云数据的基础上,进行特征提取,获得受试者穿着三类腹带前后,胸围、下胸围、腰围、腹围、臀围五个特征部位围度、宽度、厚度及面积的特征值,利用对照法定量研究着装前后五个特征部位的形体变化规律；进一步提取五个部位的水平横截面曲线,从直观的角度定性评价塑身腹带压力对女性体型的调整效果。
(3)设计生理反馈实验,研究腰腹部位施加着装皮肤压对人体心率变异、脑波的显著影响规律。
结合RM6240C型生理信号采集系统,自制气囊式皮肤压测试仪,通过该仪器可主动控制施加于人体腰腹部位的着装皮肤压。使用实验腹带先后在受试者的腹凸和腰侧部位施加渐增皮肤压,并逐一分析在此皮肤压力下,人体心率变异和脑波指标的变化,获得着装皮肤压对人体心率变异、脑波的显著影响规律,进而探讨着装皮肤压物理量与人体生理指标、心理感觉之间的内在联系,揭示着装皮肤压舒适感的生理机制和心理机制,从生理学角度客观确定着装皮肤压舒适阈值；最后依据主观评价结果建立着装皮肤压舒适感指数。
(4)确定着装皮肤压舒适性的等级指标。
对受着装皮肤压力显著性影响的心率变异和脑波指标进行因子分析,得到表征着装皮肤压舒适性的两个因子：生理舒适因子和心理舒适因子：以生成的因子得分和皮肤压舒适感评价指数为数据基础,应用有序样本最优分割法,对观测样本进行聚类划分,依据显著性分段结果,将着装皮肤压舒适性划分为“优”、“良”、“差”三个等级指标。
(5)建立着装皮肤压舒适性预测评判模型。
以主受压区着装皮肤压、人体心率变异和脑波指标参数为响应变量,着装皮肤压舒适性指数为预测变量,分别用人工智能神经网络、支持向量机和随机森林三种先进的机器学习理论方法建立着装皮肤压舒适性的预测评判模型,并对三种模型的拟合效果用相关分析的方法加以检验。
(6)检验模型。
让受试者穿着塑身腹带进行生理反馈实验,以此检验着装皮肤压对人体心率变异和脑电指标的显著影响规律；检验三种预测评判模型的准确度,进而比较各种模型的判别效果,筛选最优判别方法。
本文的创新点主要体现在以下三个方面：
(1)首次系统、定量地研究着装压力对人体的心率变异与脑电波生理指标的影响,提出了进行着装压力舒适感觉定量评价的新思路。
(2)设计并自制的皮肤压测试仪可以对人体躯体施以不同大小的着装皮肤压、该测试仪的研究及用该测试仪完成的着装皮肤压对人体心率变异和脑波影响的实验,为今后在这方面的研究提供了基础理论和技术方法。
(3)首次应用人工智能神经网络、支持向量机、随机森林三种先进的机器学习理论方法建立基于着装皮肤压、人体生理和神经生理指标参数的着装皮肤压舒适性的预测模型,在物理学、生理学、心理学和信息统计科学之间形成了新的研究结合点。
本文的研究基于2006年教育部高校博士学科点专项科研基金的资金援助。
In the study of clothing comfort performance, evaluation of wearing pressure comfort is very important, particularly for the foundation garment.
Up to now, wearing pressure comfort is usually evaluated by objective measurement of clothing pressure, together with subjective pressure comfort ratings. Wearing pressure comfort performance is determined by both the clothing pressure and human's physiological, psychological factor, and therefore, only physical mechanics performance is attained by objective measurement of clothing pressure. Subjective pressure comfort ratings are of little objective physiological significance and at the same time, they are greatly influenced by human's subjective factor.
Physiologically, human's physiological parameters can be regarded as the essential evaluation index of skin pressure sensation. If the evaluation of wearing pressure comfort is based on the variation of human's physiological reaction while they feel comfortable or uncomfortable, it will be more objective. And moreover, by introducing the human's physiological parameters, the evaluation result is of physiological significance.
Therefore, in this study, human's electrophysiological parameters-heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were proposed to objectively evaluate wearing pressure comfort. By analyzing the effect of skin pressure on HRV and EEG. mechanism of skin pressure comfort was elucidated. Furthermore, the pressure comfort prediction model of wearing a waist-nipper on the basis of skin pressure, index of HRV and EEG was developed. The present work was described as follows:
(1) The skin extending from lower breast to lower abdomen was selected, which was sensitive for the skin pressure sensation, and three kinds of waist-nippers were chosen to be as the samples of foundation garments. By the subjects' wear trial, clothing pressure caused by the waist-nippers was measured, and impossible influence factors affecting clothing pressure were studied. Finally, where the local skin pressure was the largest was found to be the subjects'lower abdomen and lateral waist.
(2) To objectively evaluate the body modification effect of the three kinds of waist-nippers
By [TC]23D body scan and measurement system, the subjects'feature size of five feature parts was extracted before and after wear trial for comparing the enhancement effect. The five feature parts included the subjects' breast, lower breast, waist, lower abdomen and hip. The extracted feature size of each feature part included circumference, breadth, depth and area. Horizontal cross-section of each feature part was extracted further to qualitatively evaluate the body modification effect of the three styles of waist-nippers.
(3) To carry out an experiment on the physiological reaction for analyzing the effect of skin pressure on human's HRV and EEG activity
By means of RM6240C Multi-channel Physiological Signals Acquiring System, the skin pressure measuring instrument was made, which was used to control the magnitude of skin pressure exerted on the torso. Base on it. an experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of incremental skin pressure on the HRV and EEG activity in healthy young women. According to the result, significant regulations were found that how skin pressure influenced human's HRV and EEG activities. Relations of skin pressure to both physiological parameters and psychological sensation were analyzed. And a theoretical study of the mechanism of skin pressure comfort was discussed. And as a result, comfort threshold of skin pressure on the lower abdomen and on the lateral waist was found. Finally, skin pressure comfort index was established according to the subjective comfort ratings.
(4) To establish comfort grades of the skin pressure
Factor analysis was used within HRV and EEG variables to identify'the factors which could explain the correlation of a serial of variables. As a result, two factors were obtained, which were physiological comfort factor and psychological comfort factor. Based on the factor score and subjective ratings of skin pressure sensor)1comfort, the optimal segmentation method for orderly samples was made to classify the data. And according to the result of significant classification, the grades of skin pressure comfort were established objectively, which were "excellent","good" and "bad".
(5) To develop prediction models to predict wearing pressure comfort
Three kinds of machine learning methods. BPNN (back propagation neural network). SVM (support vector machine) and RF (random forest), were used to forecast the index of wearing pressure comfort. In the prediction models, skin pressure on the lower abdomen or on the lateral waist. HRV and EEG parameters were chosen as independents, and skin pressure comfort index was as dependent. The forecasting performance of the three models was checked by correlation analyzing method.
(6) To validate the models by carrying out the further experiment
A confirmatory test was carried out by the subjects'wear trial. By analyzing HRV and EEG variables when the subjects were wearing the three kinds of waist-nippers, one of the aims was to validate the significant regulations that how skin pressure influenced human's HRV and EEG activities, the other is to validate the three prediction models, and finally preference was made by comparing the prediction accuracy of the three models.
In the thesis, the innovation was described as follows:
(1) The effect of skin pressure on human's HRV and EEG activity was first investigated. It provided a new idea for assessing wearing pressure comfort objectively.
(2) A skin pressure measuring instrument was made, which could control the magnitude of skin pressure on the human body. It provided the technical method and basic theory for further research on clothing pressure comfort.
(3) Three kinds of advanced machine learning methods, BPNN. SVM and RF, were used to develop the model in the prediction of wearing pressure comfort, based on a series of variables including skin pressure, human's physiological and neurophysiologic parameters. It made a connection among the science of physics, physiology, psychology and statistics.
The project is financially supported by the research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China,2006(RFDP).
引文
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