有机生态型无土绿化基质研究
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摘要
本研究是针对目前我国在栽植草皮有机生态型无土绿化基质研究方面基础薄弱的这一现状进行的。试验设在北京市海淀区西山林场的牡丹园温室。在充分考虑当地自然资源丰富这一特点的基础上,并综合考虑基质材料易于取得这一因素,选取当地最为丰富的几种基质材料。在综合分析各个基质材料的理化性质的基础上,按照一定的体积比例将不同基质材料混合,制成四种有机生态型无土绿化基质A1(由4份腐殖质、4份枯树叶、适量草木灰和一定量的保水剂、鸡粪、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾配制而成)、A2(由5份腐殖质、3份枯树叶、适量草木灰和一定量的保水剂、鸡粪、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾配制而成)、A3(由6份腐殖质、2份枯树叶、适量草木灰和一定量的保水剂、鸡粪、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾配制而成)、A4(由5份草炭、3份枯树叶、适量草木灰和一定量的保水剂、鸡粪、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾配制而成),并在其上撒播披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、紫花苜蓿草种(Medicago sativa Linn.),装入上为砂布下为无纺布制成的布袋中,将其铺于上下透气的钢丝网坪床上。通过对各草种出苗率、出苗后植株的株高、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数、盖度、根系参数、生物量及光合作用情况的生长、生理指标进行观测研究,筛选出最适宜各个草种生长的有机生态型无土绿化基质。
试验研究结果如下:(1)A3绿化基质上栽种的披碱草出苗率、出面后植株株高、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数、盖度、根系参数、生物量及光合作用情况各个指标的表现最佳,因而,A3绿化基质是适合于披碱草生长的基质。(2)A4绿化基质上栽培的高羊茅出苗率最高,A4基质上的种子出苗率最高,出苗后的植株各个指标在四者中综合排名第一,因而,A4绿化基质是适合于高羊茅生长的基质。(3)A2绿化基质上生长的紫花苜蓿种子出苗率最高,出苗后的植株各个指标在四者中综合排名第一,因而,A2绿化基质最适宜做紫花苜蓿的栽培基质。
Because the study on the organic ecotype soilless growing substrate were very few in the past years, now we pay more attention to the study. The experiment was done in Xi Shan Forestry in Hai Dian Bureau of Beijing. We chose some raw material of substrates with full consideration of the abundant natural resources in the place and the materials being easily to find. By analysing the physical and chemical characters of different substrates material, we mixed these materials in volumetric proportions and made four organic ecotype soilless growing substrates, which called A1, A2, A3, A4.(A1 was made by four volumes of the Humus, four volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate. A2 was made by five volumes of the Humus, three volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate. A3 was made by six volumes of the Humus, two volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate. A4 was made by five volumes of the Humus, three volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate). Sow three kinds of seeds, Elymus dahuricus Turcz, Festuca arundinacea and Medicago sativa Linn., on the four growing substrate, filled them in the hop-pocket made by gauze on the top and nonwoven Fabrics in the base and put them on the steel wire.By analyzing the growth and physiological indexes, we chose the best growing substrates which suit for each kind of grass seed. The results are as follows:
(1)The values of height increment, leaf length increment, leaf width increment, tiller increment, coverage, root system parameters, biomass and photosynthetic capacity of the plant Elymus dahuricus Turcz grown in A3 growing substrate were the biggest of the four. So A3 growing substrate is the best substrate for the grass seed Elymus dahuricus Turcz.
(2) The values of emergence rate and other indexes of the plant Festuca arundinacea were the biggest of the four. SoA4 growing substrate is the best substrate for the grass seed Festuca arundinacea.
(3)The values of emergence rate and other indexes of the plant Medicago sativa Linn.grown in A2 were the biggest of the four. So A2 growing substrate is the best substrate for the grass seed Medicago sativa Linn.
试验研究结果如下:(1)A3绿化基质上栽种的披碱草出苗率、出面后植株株高、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数、盖度、根系参数、生物量及光合作用情况各个指标的表现最佳,因而,A3绿化基质是适合于披碱草生长的基质。(2)A4绿化基质上栽培的高羊茅出苗率最高,A4基质上的种子出苗率最高,出苗后的植株各个指标在四者中综合排名第一,因而,A4绿化基质是适合于高羊茅生长的基质。(3)A2绿化基质上生长的紫花苜蓿种子出苗率最高,出苗后的植株各个指标在四者中综合排名第一,因而,A2绿化基质最适宜做紫花苜蓿的栽培基质。
Because the study on the organic ecotype soilless growing substrate were very few in the past years, now we pay more attention to the study. The experiment was done in Xi Shan Forestry in Hai Dian Bureau of Beijing. We chose some raw material of substrates with full consideration of the abundant natural resources in the place and the materials being easily to find. By analysing the physical and chemical characters of different substrates material, we mixed these materials in volumetric proportions and made four organic ecotype soilless growing substrates, which called A1, A2, A3, A4.(A1 was made by four volumes of the Humus, four volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate. A2 was made by five volumes of the Humus, three volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate. A3 was made by six volumes of the Humus, two volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate. A4 was made by five volumes of the Humus, three volumes of the litter fall and certain amount of ashes burnt by plants, uper absorbent polymer, Chicken manure, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate). Sow three kinds of seeds, Elymus dahuricus Turcz, Festuca arundinacea and Medicago sativa Linn., on the four growing substrate, filled them in the hop-pocket made by gauze on the top and nonwoven Fabrics in the base and put them on the steel wire.By analyzing the growth and physiological indexes, we chose the best growing substrates which suit for each kind of grass seed. The results are as follows:
(1)The values of height increment, leaf length increment, leaf width increment, tiller increment, coverage, root system parameters, biomass and photosynthetic capacity of the plant Elymus dahuricus Turcz grown in A3 growing substrate were the biggest of the four. So A3 growing substrate is the best substrate for the grass seed Elymus dahuricus Turcz.
(2) The values of emergence rate and other indexes of the plant Festuca arundinacea were the biggest of the four. SoA4 growing substrate is the best substrate for the grass seed Festuca arundinacea.
(3)The values of emergence rate and other indexes of the plant Medicago sativa Linn.grown in A2 were the biggest of the four. So A2 growing substrate is the best substrate for the grass seed Medicago sativa Linn.
引文
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