外源信号物质诱导杨树系统抗虫性的初步研究
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摘要
植物对植食性昆虫的抗性可包括两个方面：组成抗性、诱导抗性，其中诱导抗性是植物的主要防御机制。植物的诱导抗性，包括植物在外源因子作用下的两类反应。一类是快速的局部反应，将病原物限制在侵染位点的小区域中；另一类是诱发了植物一系列的防御机能，使植物产生全面的抗性，即产生诱导系统抗性。研究植物的诱导抗性机理不仅能在理论上加深对昆虫—植物相互关系的认识，而且还能在实践上完善害虫综合治理，如培育具有强诱导抗虫性的植物品种、开发利用诱导剂等。
本实验采用虫害诱导植物释放的挥发物中的两种“茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯”熏蒸杨树，分别采用生物测定方法和抗性成份分析方法进行研究，生物测定方法分别采用两种熏蒸处理杨树叶片喂食昆虫，观察分析昆虫的生长发育受抑制情况；抗性成份分析方法采用酶联免疫(ELASE)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)，检测并分析两种熏蒸处理后植株叶片激素及酚酸含量的变化。
结果表明，两种处理植株叶片喂食的杨扇舟蛾和舞毒蛾，均不同程度地出现体重减轻；食物消化率、转化率和利用率降低；发育历期延长；蛹重减轻和死亡率升高等生长发育受抑制现象。同时，两种熏蒸处理植株叶片激素和酚酸含量均发生幅度不等的变化。
通过对生物测定方法中昆虫生长发育情况的定量分析，发现虫害诱导植物释放的挥发物水杨酸甲酯和茉莉酸甲酯同样能够诱导木本植物杨树启动系统防御反应，产生诱导抗虫性，发挥着信号物质的功能；采用抗性成份分析方法检测茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯熏蒸植株叶片内激素及酚酸的含量变化，发现茉莉酸甲酯或水杨酸甲酯熏蒸可诱导植物体产生与虫害取食损伤类似的反应，进而证明了茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯均是虫害逆境信息在植株间传递的报警信号分子之一，也就是说，两种成份同时起着化学通信的作用。
Plant resistance to herbivore attack is primarily concerned the two aspects: constitutive resistance and induced resistance. The latter plays a main role in the defense mechanisms of plant.The induced- resistance include two types due to exogenous factors.One is rapid local response,Hmiting the pathogen hi infected location.The other that induces a series of defense response leading to the systemic defense of plant is induced systolic resistance(ISR).The study on mechanisms of the induced resistance can not only get a deeper under-standing on interactions between herbivore and plant in theory,but also improve integrated pest management in practice,for example the cultivation of cultivar with high induced resi-stance to insect and development of revulsant et al.
hi this study,methyl jasmonic acid(MeJA) and methyl salicylic acid(MeSA) which were two volatiles iduced by insects in plant were used to fumigate polar.Then the biological method was employed to analyze the growth and development of insects which fed on the two different fumigated leaves.The analysis of resistance component was to measure and analyze the hormone and phenolics in two different fumigated leaves by use of ELASE and HPLC respectively.
The results showed that both the leaves which were fumigated by MeJA and MeSA limited the growth and development of Clostera anachoreta( Fabricius) and Lymantria dispar( (Linnaeus) to some extent including losing weight,decrease of digestibility coefficient ,reduction of conversion rate and utilization coeffcient, delay of the generation period,ghtening bodyweight and rise of the mortality.On the other hand,the contents of hormone and phenolics showed the change to a certain extent.
Through the quantitative analysis of the growth and development of insects we found that as plant volatiles induced by insects.MeSA and MeJA which acted as signalling molecules can activate the defense system in poplar,leading to induced resistance to pests.We also found that MeJA and MeSA can induce the similar response to insect attack in plant through measuring the contents of hormone and oxybenzene in the leaves which were fumigated by MeJA and MeSA.lt can be concluded that both MeJA and MeSA were ?important alarm signalling molecules between plants-in response to insect pest.That's be side,two volatiles acted as chemnical communication at the same time.
本实验采用虫害诱导植物释放的挥发物中的两种“茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯”熏蒸杨树，分别采用生物测定方法和抗性成份分析方法进行研究，生物测定方法分别采用两种熏蒸处理杨树叶片喂食昆虫，观察分析昆虫的生长发育受抑制情况；抗性成份分析方法采用酶联免疫(ELASE)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)，检测并分析两种熏蒸处理后植株叶片激素及酚酸含量的变化。
结果表明，两种处理植株叶片喂食的杨扇舟蛾和舞毒蛾，均不同程度地出现体重减轻；食物消化率、转化率和利用率降低；发育历期延长；蛹重减轻和死亡率升高等生长发育受抑制现象。同时，两种熏蒸处理植株叶片激素和酚酸含量均发生幅度不等的变化。
通过对生物测定方法中昆虫生长发育情况的定量分析，发现虫害诱导植物释放的挥发物水杨酸甲酯和茉莉酸甲酯同样能够诱导木本植物杨树启动系统防御反应，产生诱导抗虫性，发挥着信号物质的功能；采用抗性成份分析方法检测茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯熏蒸植株叶片内激素及酚酸的含量变化，发现茉莉酸甲酯或水杨酸甲酯熏蒸可诱导植物体产生与虫害取食损伤类似的反应，进而证明了茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯均是虫害逆境信息在植株间传递的报警信号分子之一，也就是说，两种成份同时起着化学通信的作用。
Plant resistance to herbivore attack is primarily concerned the two aspects: constitutive resistance and induced resistance. The latter plays a main role in the defense mechanisms of plant.The induced- resistance include two types due to exogenous factors.One is rapid local response,Hmiting the pathogen hi infected location.The other that induces a series of defense response leading to the systemic defense of plant is induced systolic resistance(ISR).The study on mechanisms of the induced resistance can not only get a deeper under-standing on interactions between herbivore and plant in theory,but also improve integrated pest management in practice,for example the cultivation of cultivar with high induced resi-stance to insect and development of revulsant et al.
hi this study,methyl jasmonic acid(MeJA) and methyl salicylic acid(MeSA) which were two volatiles iduced by insects in plant were used to fumigate polar.Then the biological method was employed to analyze the growth and development of insects which fed on the two different fumigated leaves.The analysis of resistance component was to measure and analyze the hormone and phenolics in two different fumigated leaves by use of ELASE and HPLC respectively.
The results showed that both the leaves which were fumigated by MeJA and MeSA limited the growth and development of Clostera anachoreta( Fabricius) and Lymantria dispar( (Linnaeus) to some extent including losing weight,decrease of digestibility coefficient ,reduction of conversion rate and utilization coeffcient, delay of the generation period,ghtening bodyweight and rise of the mortality.On the other hand,the contents of hormone and phenolics showed the change to a certain extent.
Through the quantitative analysis of the growth and development of insects we found that as plant volatiles induced by insects.MeSA and MeJA which acted as signalling molecules can activate the defense system in poplar,leading to induced resistance to pests.We also found that MeJA and MeSA can induce the similar response to insect attack in plant through measuring the contents of hormone and oxybenzene in the leaves which were fumigated by MeJA and MeSA.lt can be concluded that both MeJA and MeSA were ?important alarm signalling molecules between plants-in response to insect pest.That's be side,two volatiles acted as chemnical communication at the same time.
引文
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