基于WEB服务的中小企业制造资源共享关键技术研究
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摘要
中小企业在确保国民经济适度增长、缓解就业压力、实现科教兴国、优化经济结构等方面,发挥着越来越重要的作用。但是,多数中小企业也存在资金短缺、设备有限、人才匮乏、软件缺乏等各种制造资源不足的问题,造成了其快速发展的障碍。在目前已形成区域乃至全球网络化制造的背景下,为了充分利用区域内各种优势制造资源,实现制造资源共享服务功能,加快中小企业的产品设计开发、制造周期,提高我国制造业的竞争力,有必要构建一个中小企业制造资源共享系统并研究其关键技术,这具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
本文针对中小企业的制造资源共享问题,从共享系统的总体研究、制造资源建模方法、制造资源检索方法、制造资源选择以及原型系统实现几个方面进行了深入研究。
分析了我国中小企业的积极作用及存在的制造资源不足问题,深入研究了制造资源共享的研究现状,指出了构建面向中小企业制造资源共享系统的必要性,对中小企业制造资源共享系统的主要功能模块进行了分析,根据WEB服务技术的发展优势及特点,建立了基于WEB服务的中小企业制造资源共享系统体系结构,提出了该共享系统的资源服务模式及运行模式。
根据本体论工程在制造资源共享领域的应用优势,在分析本体概念的基础上,结合制造资源的特点,首先提出了基于五元组的制造资源本体的形式化定义；在各种本体构建方法的基础上结合共享制造资源的特点及本体描述语言OWL的优势,提出了一种基于OWL的WEB制造资源本体构建方法；通过分析确定了制造资源本体概念及其关系,建立了制造资源中标准零件资源本体概念的分类层次体系；通过提取标准零件资源的概念属性,抽取滚动轴承概念的基本特性,形成轴承本体的属性分类体系,建立了轴承本体的五元组的图形形式化表示；应用OWL对部分制造资源本体进行了形式化的描述。
基于语义WEB的信息检索技术是目前获得满意检索的关键技术,而基于语义的WEB制造资源检索的关键就是计算服务发布和请求本体概念之间的语义相似度。通过分析语义距离计算的影响因素引入了基于语义加权距离的语义相似度算法,指出了基于语义加权距离的相似度算法的不足之处,提出了一种基于制造资源本体的语义相似度算法来综合考虑语义加权距离及概念节点密度、概念信息量以及概念属性等因素的影响。结合语义网规则语言,建立了基于规则与相似度的制造资源语义检索模型。
针对在人力资源选择和判断过程中的确定因素和不确定因素,提出了一种基于层次分析和灰色评价的方法来进行人力资源的选择和评价,通过建立其选择评价的具体指标和评价指标体系结构,构造了人力资源多层次灰色综合评价模型。在对设备资源的优化选择中,针对传统算法的缺陷,提出了应用基于层次分析法和灰色关联理论的方法来进行选择,通过构建设备资源选择的评价指标体系结构,建立了设备资源选择的多层次灰色关联模型。
通过建立原型系统的功能结构、规划系统的功能模块等进行了总体设计,在此基础上开发了中小企业制造资源共享原型系统,初步验证了基于WEB服务的体系结构的可行性及实用性。分别验证了基于制造资源本体的语义相似度算法与基于多层次灰色理论的人力资源选择算法的有效性。
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are playing a more and more important role in the national economy to ensure moderate growth, relieve employment pressure, realize rejuvenating and optimize economic structure. However, most SMEs exist such problems as funds shortage, limited equipment and talent shortage to become obstacles for their rapid development. Therefore, under the background of regional and global network manufacturing, it is necessary to provide a manufacturing resource sharing system and research its key technologies to make full use of all kinds of manufacturing resources distributed in the regional colleges and universities, scientific research institution and manufacturing enterprises. In this way, SMEs can accelerate the product development cycle to improve the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. Therefore, the research has important theoretical significance and practical application value.
Aimed at manufacturing resource sharing supporting for SMEs, general research of the sharing system, modeling method, search method and selection of the manufacturing resources and prototype system are pursued in this dissertation.
Based on analyzing the active role and manufacturing resource shortage of SMEs and researching the current situation of manufacturing resource sharing technology, this dissertation points it is necessary to construct a manufacturing resource sharing system supporting for SMEs. The main function modules in the system are analyzed and the architecture is established based on web services according to the advantages of web services technology, and then the resources service mode and operation mode are proposed.
In line with the advantages of ontology engineering in manufacturing resource sharing domain, the five factor groups formalization definition for manufacturing resource ontology are presented based on the ontology concept and the features of manufacturing resources. The modeling method of web manufacturing resource ontology is proposed on the basis of ontology modeling methods and OWL. According to the method, the concepts and their relations of manufacturing resource ontology are determined and the hierarchical classification of standard part resource ontology is established; then by extracting their concept attributes, the basic features of rolling bearing are extracted to form its attributes classification, therefore the graphic formalization definition of the bearing based on five factor groups is established. The formalization description of partial manufacturing resource ontology is presented based on OWL.
Information retrieval based on semantic web is the key technology to acquire satisfied retrieval, while the key of web manufacturing resource retrieval based on semantics is to calculate the semantic similarity of ontology concepts between service publishing and service requesting. By analyzing the factors influencing semantic distance calculation, the semantic similarity algorithm based on semantic weighted distance is introduced. However, the algorithm has some defects, so an improved semantic similarity algorithm based on ontology is proposed in which such factors as semantic weighting distance, concept node density, concept information and concept attributes weighting coefficients are taken into account. Combined with the inference rule of SWRL, a semantic retrieval model of manufacturing resource based on rule and similarity is presented.
Aimed at certainties and uncertainties in selection and judgment of human resource, a method based on analytic hierarchy process and grey assessment is put forward to select and judge human resource. By establishing specific indexes and evaluation index architecture, a synthesis evaluation model based on multihierarchy grey theory is constructed. In the optimized selection of equipment resource, aimed at the defects of traditional algorithm, a method applying analytic hierarchy process and grey relation theory is proposed in which a multihierarchy and grey relation model is presented by establishing evaluation indexes and architecture.
The system design are carried out by establishing its function structure and function modules and so on, and then the manufacturing resource sharing prototype system supporting for SMEs is developed to validate the feasibility and practicability of the architecture base on web services. The improved algorithm of semantic similarity based on ontology and the human resource selection algorithm based on multihierarchy grey theory are validated to prove their validity.
本文针对中小企业的制造资源共享问题,从共享系统的总体研究、制造资源建模方法、制造资源检索方法、制造资源选择以及原型系统实现几个方面进行了深入研究。
分析了我国中小企业的积极作用及存在的制造资源不足问题,深入研究了制造资源共享的研究现状,指出了构建面向中小企业制造资源共享系统的必要性,对中小企业制造资源共享系统的主要功能模块进行了分析,根据WEB服务技术的发展优势及特点,建立了基于WEB服务的中小企业制造资源共享系统体系结构,提出了该共享系统的资源服务模式及运行模式。
根据本体论工程在制造资源共享领域的应用优势,在分析本体概念的基础上,结合制造资源的特点,首先提出了基于五元组的制造资源本体的形式化定义；在各种本体构建方法的基础上结合共享制造资源的特点及本体描述语言OWL的优势,提出了一种基于OWL的WEB制造资源本体构建方法；通过分析确定了制造资源本体概念及其关系,建立了制造资源中标准零件资源本体概念的分类层次体系；通过提取标准零件资源的概念属性,抽取滚动轴承概念的基本特性,形成轴承本体的属性分类体系,建立了轴承本体的五元组的图形形式化表示；应用OWL对部分制造资源本体进行了形式化的描述。
基于语义WEB的信息检索技术是目前获得满意检索的关键技术,而基于语义的WEB制造资源检索的关键就是计算服务发布和请求本体概念之间的语义相似度。通过分析语义距离计算的影响因素引入了基于语义加权距离的语义相似度算法,指出了基于语义加权距离的相似度算法的不足之处,提出了一种基于制造资源本体的语义相似度算法来综合考虑语义加权距离及概念节点密度、概念信息量以及概念属性等因素的影响。结合语义网规则语言,建立了基于规则与相似度的制造资源语义检索模型。
针对在人力资源选择和判断过程中的确定因素和不确定因素,提出了一种基于层次分析和灰色评价的方法来进行人力资源的选择和评价,通过建立其选择评价的具体指标和评价指标体系结构,构造了人力资源多层次灰色综合评价模型。在对设备资源的优化选择中,针对传统算法的缺陷,提出了应用基于层次分析法和灰色关联理论的方法来进行选择,通过构建设备资源选择的评价指标体系结构,建立了设备资源选择的多层次灰色关联模型。
通过建立原型系统的功能结构、规划系统的功能模块等进行了总体设计,在此基础上开发了中小企业制造资源共享原型系统,初步验证了基于WEB服务的体系结构的可行性及实用性。分别验证了基于制造资源本体的语义相似度算法与基于多层次灰色理论的人力资源选择算法的有效性。
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are playing a more and more important role in the national economy to ensure moderate growth, relieve employment pressure, realize rejuvenating and optimize economic structure. However, most SMEs exist such problems as funds shortage, limited equipment and talent shortage to become obstacles for their rapid development. Therefore, under the background of regional and global network manufacturing, it is necessary to provide a manufacturing resource sharing system and research its key technologies to make full use of all kinds of manufacturing resources distributed in the regional colleges and universities, scientific research institution and manufacturing enterprises. In this way, SMEs can accelerate the product development cycle to improve the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. Therefore, the research has important theoretical significance and practical application value.
Aimed at manufacturing resource sharing supporting for SMEs, general research of the sharing system, modeling method, search method and selection of the manufacturing resources and prototype system are pursued in this dissertation.
Based on analyzing the active role and manufacturing resource shortage of SMEs and researching the current situation of manufacturing resource sharing technology, this dissertation points it is necessary to construct a manufacturing resource sharing system supporting for SMEs. The main function modules in the system are analyzed and the architecture is established based on web services according to the advantages of web services technology, and then the resources service mode and operation mode are proposed.
In line with the advantages of ontology engineering in manufacturing resource sharing domain, the five factor groups formalization definition for manufacturing resource ontology are presented based on the ontology concept and the features of manufacturing resources. The modeling method of web manufacturing resource ontology is proposed on the basis of ontology modeling methods and OWL. According to the method, the concepts and their relations of manufacturing resource ontology are determined and the hierarchical classification of standard part resource ontology is established; then by extracting their concept attributes, the basic features of rolling bearing are extracted to form its attributes classification, therefore the graphic formalization definition of the bearing based on five factor groups is established. The formalization description of partial manufacturing resource ontology is presented based on OWL.
Information retrieval based on semantic web is the key technology to acquire satisfied retrieval, while the key of web manufacturing resource retrieval based on semantics is to calculate the semantic similarity of ontology concepts between service publishing and service requesting. By analyzing the factors influencing semantic distance calculation, the semantic similarity algorithm based on semantic weighted distance is introduced. However, the algorithm has some defects, so an improved semantic similarity algorithm based on ontology is proposed in which such factors as semantic weighting distance, concept node density, concept information and concept attributes weighting coefficients are taken into account. Combined with the inference rule of SWRL, a semantic retrieval model of manufacturing resource based on rule and similarity is presented.
Aimed at certainties and uncertainties in selection and judgment of human resource, a method based on analytic hierarchy process and grey assessment is put forward to select and judge human resource. By establishing specific indexes and evaluation index architecture, a synthesis evaluation model based on multihierarchy grey theory is constructed. In the optimized selection of equipment resource, aimed at the defects of traditional algorithm, a method applying analytic hierarchy process and grey relation theory is proposed in which a multihierarchy and grey relation model is presented by establishing evaluation indexes and architecture.
The system design are carried out by establishing its function structure and function modules and so on, and then the manufacturing resource sharing prototype system supporting for SMEs is developed to validate the feasibility and practicability of the architecture base on web services. The improved algorithm of semantic similarity based on ontology and the human resource selection algorithm based on multihierarchy grey theory are validated to prove their validity.
引文
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