老年患者术后认知功能障碍
摘要
术后认知功能障碍(POCD)是术后精神障碍的一类,是老年患者严重的术后并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前, POCD的发病因素尚无定论,是多种相关因素综合作用的结果,包括年龄、受教育水平、基础疾病、术前脑功能、手术与麻醉类型及持续时间、围手术期麻醉管理及遗传因素等。对POCD的相关因素进行预防、及时诊断和正确治疗均是老年患者术后认知功能障碍的重要治疗策略。本文就老年患者POCD的临床特征、流行病学、相关因素、发病机制、诊断、预防及治疗等方面作一综述,从而加强对老年患者术后出现认知障碍的了解,为早期一级预防提供帮助。
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of postoperative psychonosema (POP). POCD is a severe postoperative complication in the elderly patients and affects the quality of life of the patients seriously. Now according to a vast literature on the subject, etiological factors still remain uncertainty, but POCD is multifactor, including age, education, basic diseases, preexisting cognitive status, the type of surgery and anaesthesia and duration, perioperative management and genetic characteristics, etc. The treatment strategies, such as primary prevention of POCD, diagnosis in time and the correct therapy, are the important ones.
This article reviews the clinical feature, epidemiology, correlation factors, pathogenesy, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of POCD in order to increase the people’s knowledge of it and provide help for the early-time primary prevention.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of postoperative psychonosema (POP). POCD is a severe postoperative complication in the elderly patients and affects the quality of life of the patients seriously. Now according to a vast literature on the subject, etiological factors still remain uncertainty, but POCD is multifactor, including age, education, basic diseases, preexisting cognitive status, the type of surgery and anaesthesia and duration, perioperative management and genetic characteristics, etc. The treatment strategies, such as primary prevention of POCD, diagnosis in time and the correct therapy, are the important ones.
This article reviews the clinical feature, epidemiology, correlation factors, pathogenesy, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of POCD in order to increase the people’s knowledge of it and provide help for the early-time primary prevention.
引文
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