语义Web服务自动组合的关键技术研究
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摘要
Web服务组合是将多个功能单一的Web服务按照一定的逻辑顺序进行组合，通过服务间的调用关系顺利执行从而满足复杂功能需求的一种实现技术。随着互联网的快速发展，尤其是云计算和移动计算等技术的出现，越来越多的组织和个人把他们的业务能力以Web服务的形式放置在互联网或者云端，这些服务除了满足自身业务需求外，还对外提供服务，从而形成了一种开放式的互联网应用环境，为按需服务组合奠定了基础。在这种应用环境中，由于服务提供者和服务请求者众多，手动服务组合显然无法满足应用的需要，因此自动服务组合便成为服务组合发展的主要趋势。
本文针对自动服务组合中的几个关键问题开展研究，以语义Web服务为切入点，以提高服务组合的自动化程度，优化服务组合性能，确保服务组合的正确性和改善服务组合的执行成功率为目标，从以下几个方面开展了系统研究。
首先，为了提高服务依赖图的构建效率并且自动识别逻辑流程的控制结构，通过为Web服务构建语义描述，在描述输入输出等参数语义的前提下，基于输入集倒排索引表和输出集哈希表实现了满足用户输入输出请求的服务依赖图的快速构建，并基于服务接口处的语义匹配关系自动识别流程控制结构，以语义匹配度为寻优目标，采用改进的广度优先搜索算法实现了优化路径搜索。
其次，为了确保组合功能真正的满足用户的功能需求，引入了功能本体概念，增加对Web服务功能的动作特征描述，基于功能本体关系构建功能本体层次图，在此基础上，构建服务组合路径与功能本体图的映射关系，调用功能本体图中的功能合并机制，实现了服务组合路径的功能正确性验证。
再次，为了实现基于服务质量的Web服务多路径全局优化，提出了一种路径模板编码机制实现了遗传算法的多路径统一定长编码，通过路径模板控制初始种群的生成和交叉变异的产生，通过设计多路径选择结构的服务质量聚合公式，得到了多路径统一的适应度函数，从而能够通过单次运行实现多路径全局优化。另外，为了恰当的描述服务质量中的不确定信息和用户偏好的模糊性，将模糊集理论引入基于服务质量的组合优化中，对于不适合精确表示的服务质量属性和用户偏好等信息用三角模糊数表示，通过改写pareto支配关系，设计了模糊多目标遗传算法，实现了多路径前提下的多服务质量属性的全局优化。
最后，为了解决服务执行过程中的消息异构问题，本文首先分析了消息异构的表现形式，并基于本体匹配构建的纵横映射机制，实现了消息元素的语义异构匹配，在此基础上，基于消息实例测试和服务替换机制提出了语法异构的解决方法，实验证明，该方法可以有效的提高组合服务的执行成功率，降低数据失真率。
Web service composition is a technology that composes multiple Web services withsingle function according to certain logical order and is smooth executed by callingrelationships between services to meet the complex functional requirement. With the rapiddevelopment of the Internet, especially the emergence of cloud computing and mobilecomputing technology, more and more organizations and individuals place their businessin the form of Web service in the Internet or the cloud. These services can not only meettheir own business needs but also provide services to the outsize world. An open Internetapplication environment is formed, and which laid the foundation for the on-demandservice composition. In this environment, there are too many service providers and servicerequestors to meet the needs of the application by manual service composition. Automaticservice composition has become the main trend of the service composition.
This paper carries out research for several key issues in automatic servicecomposition. In order to increase the degree of automation of the service composition,optimize the performance of service composition, ensure the correctness of servicecomposition and improve the success rate of service composition, the following studiesare carried out based on semantic Web service.
Firstly, in order to improve efficiency of building service dependency graph andidentify the control structure of the logic flow automatically, service dependency graphthat meet input-output request is established quickly based on input set inverted indextable and output set hash table. The flow control structure is identified automatically basedon the semantic matching relationship on service interface. Put semantic matching degreeas the optimization goal, the improved breadth-first search algorithm is designed toachieve optimal path search.
Secondly, in order to ensure that the composition function real meets user functionalrequirement, this paper introduces the function ontology to describe the actioncharacteristics of the Web service. And then a hierarchical graph of the function ontologyis built based on the relationship between the function ontology, the function mergence mechanism in function ontology graph is invoked, so that the function correctness of eachcomposition path is verified.
Thirdly, in order to achieve Web services multipath global optimization based onQuality of Service(QoS), a path template mechanism is designed to achieve unifiedmultipath fixed-length encoding of genetic algorithm, the path template mechanism isused to control the generation of individuals in the initial population as well as incrossover and mutation, by defining the QoS aggregation formula of multipath choicestructure, the unified multipath fitness function is designed, so that the multipath globaloptimization is realized by a single running. Moreover, in order to fully reflect theuncertainty of quality of service and the ambiguity of user preferences, this paperintroduces the fuzzy sets theory into QoS-based Web services composition, the QoSattributes and user preferences that are not suitable for accurate representation aredescribed by triangular fuzzy number. Then fuzzy multi-objective genetic algorithm isdesigned by rewriting the Pareto dominance relationship, the multipath and multiple QoSglobal optimization is realized.
Finally, in order to solve the problem of the message heterogeneous during theexecution of composite service, this paper first analyzes the manifestations of messageheterogeneous, and then a vertical and horizontal mapping mechanism is built based onontology matching, semantics heterogeneous match of message elements is realized. Onthis basis, the syntax heterogeneous solution method is designed based on the the messageinstance testing and service replacement mechanism. The experiment shows that thismethod can effectively improve the execution success rate and reduce the data distortionrate of the composite service.
本文针对自动服务组合中的几个关键问题开展研究，以语义Web服务为切入点，以提高服务组合的自动化程度，优化服务组合性能，确保服务组合的正确性和改善服务组合的执行成功率为目标，从以下几个方面开展了系统研究。
首先，为了提高服务依赖图的构建效率并且自动识别逻辑流程的控制结构，通过为Web服务构建语义描述，在描述输入输出等参数语义的前提下，基于输入集倒排索引表和输出集哈希表实现了满足用户输入输出请求的服务依赖图的快速构建，并基于服务接口处的语义匹配关系自动识别流程控制结构，以语义匹配度为寻优目标，采用改进的广度优先搜索算法实现了优化路径搜索。
其次，为了确保组合功能真正的满足用户的功能需求，引入了功能本体概念，增加对Web服务功能的动作特征描述，基于功能本体关系构建功能本体层次图，在此基础上，构建服务组合路径与功能本体图的映射关系，调用功能本体图中的功能合并机制，实现了服务组合路径的功能正确性验证。
再次，为了实现基于服务质量的Web服务多路径全局优化，提出了一种路径模板编码机制实现了遗传算法的多路径统一定长编码，通过路径模板控制初始种群的生成和交叉变异的产生，通过设计多路径选择结构的服务质量聚合公式，得到了多路径统一的适应度函数，从而能够通过单次运行实现多路径全局优化。另外，为了恰当的描述服务质量中的不确定信息和用户偏好的模糊性，将模糊集理论引入基于服务质量的组合优化中，对于不适合精确表示的服务质量属性和用户偏好等信息用三角模糊数表示，通过改写pareto支配关系，设计了模糊多目标遗传算法，实现了多路径前提下的多服务质量属性的全局优化。
最后，为了解决服务执行过程中的消息异构问题，本文首先分析了消息异构的表现形式，并基于本体匹配构建的纵横映射机制，实现了消息元素的语义异构匹配，在此基础上，基于消息实例测试和服务替换机制提出了语法异构的解决方法，实验证明，该方法可以有效的提高组合服务的执行成功率，降低数据失真率。
Web service composition is a technology that composes multiple Web services withsingle function according to certain logical order and is smooth executed by callingrelationships between services to meet the complex functional requirement. With the rapiddevelopment of the Internet, especially the emergence of cloud computing and mobilecomputing technology, more and more organizations and individuals place their businessin the form of Web service in the Internet or the cloud. These services can not only meettheir own business needs but also provide services to the outsize world. An open Internetapplication environment is formed, and which laid the foundation for the on-demandservice composition. In this environment, there are too many service providers and servicerequestors to meet the needs of the application by manual service composition. Automaticservice composition has become the main trend of the service composition.
This paper carries out research for several key issues in automatic servicecomposition. In order to increase the degree of automation of the service composition,optimize the performance of service composition, ensure the correctness of servicecomposition and improve the success rate of service composition, the following studiesare carried out based on semantic Web service.
Firstly, in order to improve efficiency of building service dependency graph andidentify the control structure of the logic flow automatically, service dependency graphthat meet input-output request is established quickly based on input set inverted indextable and output set hash table. The flow control structure is identified automatically basedon the semantic matching relationship on service interface. Put semantic matching degreeas the optimization goal, the improved breadth-first search algorithm is designed toachieve optimal path search.
Secondly, in order to ensure that the composition function real meets user functionalrequirement, this paper introduces the function ontology to describe the actioncharacteristics of the Web service. And then a hierarchical graph of the function ontologyis built based on the relationship between the function ontology, the function mergence mechanism in function ontology graph is invoked, so that the function correctness of eachcomposition path is verified.
Thirdly, in order to achieve Web services multipath global optimization based onQuality of Service(QoS), a path template mechanism is designed to achieve unifiedmultipath fixed-length encoding of genetic algorithm, the path template mechanism isused to control the generation of individuals in the initial population as well as incrossover and mutation, by defining the QoS aggregation formula of multipath choicestructure, the unified multipath fitness function is designed, so that the multipath globaloptimization is realized by a single running. Moreover, in order to fully reflect theuncertainty of quality of service and the ambiguity of user preferences, this paperintroduces the fuzzy sets theory into QoS-based Web services composition, the QoSattributes and user preferences that are not suitable for accurate representation aredescribed by triangular fuzzy number. Then fuzzy multi-objective genetic algorithm isdesigned by rewriting the Pareto dominance relationship, the multipath and multiple QoSglobal optimization is realized.
Finally, in order to solve the problem of the message heterogeneous during theexecution of composite service, this paper first analyzes the manifestations of messageheterogeneous, and then a vertical and horizontal mapping mechanism is built based onontology matching, semantics heterogeneous match of message elements is realized. Onthis basis, the syntax heterogeneous solution method is designed based on the the messageinstance testing and service replacement mechanism. The experiment shows that thismethod can effectively improve the execution success rate and reduce the data distortionrate of the composite service.
引文
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