基于虚拟现实的景观仿真应用研究
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摘要
旅游业在国际上被誉为永不衰落的朝阳产业,在我国,旅游业已发展成为第三产业的“中流砥柱”。发展旅游业可以提供更多的劳动就业机会,促进其他产业的发展,改善国民经济结构,振兴繁荣地方经济,所以说旅游业的发展将带动整个国家经济的腾飞。然而,传统的地理信息系统基于二维空间数据,无法全面再现旅游景区的三维场景,从而无法使人们对旅游景区的总体风貌有一个直观、真实的印象。为克服这样的缺点,我们采用三维可视化再现景点,应用虚拟现实技术和仿真技术来构建虚拟场景,并与虚拟场景进行交互,可以让人产生身临其境的感觉。用户可以根据虚拟场景来认识景点,采用三维可视化这种方式可以起到景点指示牌的作用,并可以向旅游者提供最佳路径的提示。将三维可视化研究成果应用于旅游行业,将是推动旅游业前进的巨大动力,对整个经济建设和社会发展是有重大意义的研究课题。
本文属于基于虚拟现实技术和GIS技术的景观仿真研究的领域,主要利用虚拟现实与三维可视化相结合技术,以大唐不夜城景区为研究区,建立大唐不夜城的实时三维虚拟场景漫游系统,结合用户的实际需求,对景区的虚拟可视化进行设计与实现,研究建立虚拟仿真环境中三维虚拟模型及其三维动态可视化显示的技术。论文致力于景区的仿真模拟的实现,针对虚拟现实、仿真技术、三维可视化技术,在包括模型构造方法、数字地面模型等理论研究的基础上,采用VC++平台,借助专业的虚拟现实建模软件MultiGen Creator建造景区的三维环境,实现三维虚拟环境中的实时漫游与交互控制。
论文在以下两个方面进行了研究和探讨：
1、借助专业的虚拟现实建模软件MultiGen Creator和3DS Max软件建造景区场景的三维环境。
2、讨论了三维可视化的过程,研究了基于虚拟现实的景观三维可视化过程中的建模技术、纹理映射、模型优化技术和方法及场景的集成等。
3、分析了实时漫游过程涉及的主要关键技术,完成了三维场景的漫游和三维信息的查询功能。
The tourism is honored as the sunrise industry which never declines internationally, in our country, the tourism has developed into the tertiary industry as "the mainstay". Developing tourism could provide the more employment opportunities, promote the development of other industrial, improve economy structure of the national, the promote the provincial economy, therefore the development of tourism will improve the economy soaring of the entire state. However,traditional GIS only runs smoothly on two dimensional spatial data,and it can not realize the 3D visualization of a tourist spot while managing the information of its tourist resources,which will prevent people from gaining a direct and real impression of the overall scenery of a tourist spot.In order to overcome such shortcoming, We use the three dimensional visualization to reappear the scenic spot, apply the virtual reality technology and the emulation technique to construct the virtual scene, and interact with the virtual scene,it can make people feel the scene factually. The users could know the scenic spot according to the virtual scene, selecting three dimensional visualization to the view spot can act as the scenic spot index plate's role, and provide the optimal path to the tourist. Appling the research results of three dimensional visualization to the tourism, will be the giant power which could promote the tourism development, also will be the research subject with great significance to the economic development and the social development of the entire national.
This article belongs to the research area of the landscape simulation based on the virtual reality technology and the GIS technology, makes use of the technology that the virtual reality combine with the three dimensional visualization, takes the Da Tang Bu Ye Cheng as the research area, establishes the real-time roaming system about three dimensional virtual scene of Da Tang Bu Ye Cheng, designs and achieves the scenic area's hypothesized visualization according to the user's demands,and researches the technology which can establishment three dimensional virtual model in the hypothesized simulation environment and achieve three dimensional dynamic visualization. The paper devotes to the scenic area simulation, uses the VC++ platform, Build the scenic area with the aid of specialized virtual reality modelling software MultiGen Creator the three dimensional environment,and implement the real-time roaming and the interaction control based on the technology of the virtual reality, the simulation technique, visualization technology and the research of construction methods of three dimensional model,digit terrain model and so on.
The following aspects were discussed in this paper:
1、The 3D environment of the scene was constructed by using the professional modeling software Multigen Creator and 3DS Max.
2、Discussed the three dimensional visualization process, has studied based on the virtual reality landscape three dimensional visualization process modeling technology, the texture mapping, the model optimization method and the technology of scene integration and so on.
3、The main essential technology involved in the process of real-time roam was researched and the scene walkthrough and 3D information inquiry approach was accomplished.
本文属于基于虚拟现实技术和GIS技术的景观仿真研究的领域,主要利用虚拟现实与三维可视化相结合技术,以大唐不夜城景区为研究区,建立大唐不夜城的实时三维虚拟场景漫游系统,结合用户的实际需求,对景区的虚拟可视化进行设计与实现,研究建立虚拟仿真环境中三维虚拟模型及其三维动态可视化显示的技术。论文致力于景区的仿真模拟的实现,针对虚拟现实、仿真技术、三维可视化技术,在包括模型构造方法、数字地面模型等理论研究的基础上,采用VC++平台,借助专业的虚拟现实建模软件MultiGen Creator建造景区的三维环境,实现三维虚拟环境中的实时漫游与交互控制。
论文在以下两个方面进行了研究和探讨：
1、借助专业的虚拟现实建模软件MultiGen Creator和3DS Max软件建造景区场景的三维环境。
2、讨论了三维可视化的过程,研究了基于虚拟现实的景观三维可视化过程中的建模技术、纹理映射、模型优化技术和方法及场景的集成等。
3、分析了实时漫游过程涉及的主要关键技术,完成了三维场景的漫游和三维信息的查询功能。
The tourism is honored as the sunrise industry which never declines internationally, in our country, the tourism has developed into the tertiary industry as "the mainstay". Developing tourism could provide the more employment opportunities, promote the development of other industrial, improve economy structure of the national, the promote the provincial economy, therefore the development of tourism will improve the economy soaring of the entire state. However,traditional GIS only runs smoothly on two dimensional spatial data,and it can not realize the 3D visualization of a tourist spot while managing the information of its tourist resources,which will prevent people from gaining a direct and real impression of the overall scenery of a tourist spot.In order to overcome such shortcoming, We use the three dimensional visualization to reappear the scenic spot, apply the virtual reality technology and the emulation technique to construct the virtual scene, and interact with the virtual scene,it can make people feel the scene factually. The users could know the scenic spot according to the virtual scene, selecting three dimensional visualization to the view spot can act as the scenic spot index plate's role, and provide the optimal path to the tourist. Appling the research results of three dimensional visualization to the tourism, will be the giant power which could promote the tourism development, also will be the research subject with great significance to the economic development and the social development of the entire national.
This article belongs to the research area of the landscape simulation based on the virtual reality technology and the GIS technology, makes use of the technology that the virtual reality combine with the three dimensional visualization, takes the Da Tang Bu Ye Cheng as the research area, establishes the real-time roaming system about three dimensional virtual scene of Da Tang Bu Ye Cheng, designs and achieves the scenic area's hypothesized visualization according to the user's demands,and researches the technology which can establishment three dimensional virtual model in the hypothesized simulation environment and achieve three dimensional dynamic visualization. The paper devotes to the scenic area simulation, uses the VC++ platform, Build the scenic area with the aid of specialized virtual reality modelling software MultiGen Creator the three dimensional environment,and implement the real-time roaming and the interaction control based on the technology of the virtual reality, the simulation technique, visualization technology and the research of construction methods of three dimensional model,digit terrain model and so on.
The following aspects were discussed in this paper:
1、The 3D environment of the scene was constructed by using the professional modeling software Multigen Creator and 3DS Max.
2、Discussed the three dimensional visualization process, has studied based on the virtual reality landscape three dimensional visualization process modeling technology, the texture mapping, the model optimization method and the technology of scene integration and so on.
3、The main essential technology involved in the process of real-time roam was researched and the scene walkthrough and 3D information inquiry approach was accomplished.
引文
[1]冯学智,都金康等.数字地球导论[M].北京：商务印书馆,2004：1-6.
[2]朱元嫣.旅游景区三维可视化研究[D].上海：上海师范大学,2008.
[3]邓红艳,武芳,殷畅.虚拟现实地理信息系统(VRGIS)[J]计算机应用研究,2002(9)：33-35.
[4]李斌,韩峰.虚拟现实地理信息系统(VRGIS)技术在铁路勘测设计中的应用[J].甘肃科技,2004,20(4)：43-4.
[5]谢方,李利军,林岚.动态模型生成技术在VRGIS中的应用[J].微机发展,2005,(12)：99-103.
[6]马理辉,汪有科,吴普特.VRGIS技术在渠系建筑物管理中的应用研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(5)：82-84.
[7]刘健.面向大型景区规划管理的VRGIS应用开发研究[D].北京：中国海洋大学,2006.
[8]严海宁.虚拟现实地理信息系统的构建与应用的研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2008.
[9]付哲,周云轩.虚拟现实和GIS系统集成方法分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(S1)：141-146.
[10]李晶,张熙若.大唐不夜城28日盛大开城[N].《西安日报》.2009-9-21
[11]杨波.虚拟现实技术_MultiGen/Vega应用研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2002.
[12]张继伟.基于MultiGen Vega虚拟现实平台的开发与应用[D].山东：中国海洋大学,2006.
[13]艾丽双.三维可视化GIS在城市规划中的应用研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[14]郁宇.基于GIS的虚拟校园的开发与实现[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[15]凌龙.数字小区三维数据模型与可视化问题研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007.
[16]洪光,李洪儒,牟建国.基于Creator的三维模型的简化研究[J].计算机仿真,2004,21(1)：57-58.
[17]刘晓艳,林珲,张宏.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[18]路兴昌,薄立群.信息城市中虚拟可视化的研究[J].东北测绘,2002(1)：40-62.
[19]谢传节.虚拟现实的宽阔前景[J].地球信息科学,1999(2)：38-41.
[20]杨必胜,李清泉,梅宝燕.3维城市模型的可视化研究.测绘学报,2000(2)：149-153.
[21]刘东海,钟登华,周锐,李定葵.基于GIS的水电工程施工导流三维动态可视化[J].计算 机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(11)：1051-1055.
[22]龚健雅.地理信息系统基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.33-60.
[23]尹轶华.虚拟现实技术和GIS技术在虚拟校园中的应用[J].重庆：重庆师范大学,2005.29-32.
[24]刘晓艳,林浑,张宏.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[25]周红军,王选科.虚拟现实系统概述[J].航空计算技术,2005,(35)：114-1161.
[26]谢明.数字城市建设与发展探讨[J].中国科技信息,2005,19(14)：164-166.
[27]陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M]北京：科学出版社,1999.6.
[28]朱恩利,李建辉.地理信息系统基础及应用教程[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2004.7.
[29]申胜华,李华.基于ArcEngine的ArcGIS与AutoCAD数据转换研究[J].测绘通报,2007,32(2)：114-116.
[30]朱振华,赵刚,冯强.ARCGIS三维数字校园系统的设计与开发[J].软件导刊,2007,16(9)：45-47.
[31]吕一峰,晏路明.校园三维景观建模及其飞行漫游的实现[J].四川测绘,2007(30)：122-125.
[32]Van Hook.Real-time Shaded NC Milling Display [J].Computer Graphics,2001,120(4): 15-20.
[33]Turner A K. Three-Dimensional Modeling with Geoscientific Information Systems [M]. NATO ASI 354, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.1992.
[34]江辉仙,张文开,林广发,黄万里.基于VRGIS的虚拟校园三维仿真技术应用[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版)2006,22(2)：109-113.
[35]林挥,龚建花.论虚拟地理环境[J].测绘学报,2002,31(1)：1-6.
[36]林卉,赵长胜,孙建文.数字校园3维建模与仿真的实现与设计[J].测绘通报,2004,29(9)：43-46.
[37]邓俊峰,等.校园VRGIS系统的设计与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2004(6).
[38]江辉仙,等.福建东圳库区淹没及水土流失的3D-VRGIS构建与应用[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(1).
[39]尚涛,等.基于VEGA API的城市规划系统的研究[J].武汉大学学报：工学版,2003(3).
[40]江辉仙,等.基于VRGIS的库区三维仿真系统设计及应用—以莆田市东圳水库为例[J].福建师范大学学报：自然科学版,2006,22(4).
[41]胡海艳,等.基于虚拟现实技术校园漫游系统的实现[J].电脑与电信,2009(6).
[42]余海滨.VR-GIS系统集成关键技术研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2008.
[43]张矿中.基于VR技术的虚拟战场实时漫游系统的研究与实现[D].山西：中北大学,2008.
[44]沈婕,闾国年,刘晓艳,等.虚拟城市建设方法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2001(1)：26-28.
[2]朱元嫣.旅游景区三维可视化研究[D].上海：上海师范大学,2008.
[3]邓红艳,武芳,殷畅.虚拟现实地理信息系统(VRGIS)[J]计算机应用研究,2002(9)：33-35.
[4]李斌,韩峰.虚拟现实地理信息系统(VRGIS)技术在铁路勘测设计中的应用[J].甘肃科技,2004,20(4)：43-4.
[5]谢方,李利军,林岚.动态模型生成技术在VRGIS中的应用[J].微机发展,2005,(12)：99-103.
[6]马理辉,汪有科,吴普特.VRGIS技术在渠系建筑物管理中的应用研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(5)：82-84.
[7]刘健.面向大型景区规划管理的VRGIS应用开发研究[D].北京：中国海洋大学,2006.
[8]严海宁.虚拟现实地理信息系统的构建与应用的研究[D].南京：南京林业大学,2008.
[9]付哲,周云轩.虚拟现实和GIS系统集成方法分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(S1)：141-146.
[10]李晶,张熙若.大唐不夜城28日盛大开城[N].《西安日报》.2009-9-21
[11]杨波.虚拟现实技术_MultiGen/Vega应用研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2002.
[12]张继伟.基于MultiGen Vega虚拟现实平台的开发与应用[D].山东：中国海洋大学,2006.
[13]艾丽双.三维可视化GIS在城市规划中的应用研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[14]郁宇.基于GIS的虚拟校园的开发与实现[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[15]凌龙.数字小区三维数据模型与可视化问题研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007.
[16]洪光,李洪儒,牟建国.基于Creator的三维模型的简化研究[J].计算机仿真,2004,21(1)：57-58.
[17]刘晓艳,林珲,张宏.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[18]路兴昌,薄立群.信息城市中虚拟可视化的研究[J].东北测绘,2002(1)：40-62.
[19]谢传节.虚拟现实的宽阔前景[J].地球信息科学,1999(2)：38-41.
[20]杨必胜,李清泉,梅宝燕.3维城市模型的可视化研究.测绘学报,2000(2)：149-153.
[21]刘东海,钟登华,周锐,李定葵.基于GIS的水电工程施工导流三维动态可视化[J].计算 机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(11)：1051-1055.
[22]龚健雅.地理信息系统基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.33-60.
[23]尹轶华.虚拟现实技术和GIS技术在虚拟校园中的应用[J].重庆：重庆师范大学,2005.29-32.
[24]刘晓艳,林浑,张宏.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[25]周红军,王选科.虚拟现实系统概述[J].航空计算技术,2005,(35)：114-1161.
[26]谢明.数字城市建设与发展探讨[J].中国科技信息,2005,19(14)：164-166.
[27]陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M]北京：科学出版社,1999.6.
[28]朱恩利,李建辉.地理信息系统基础及应用教程[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2004.7.
[29]申胜华,李华.基于ArcEngine的ArcGIS与AutoCAD数据转换研究[J].测绘通报,2007,32(2)：114-116.
[30]朱振华,赵刚,冯强.ARCGIS三维数字校园系统的设计与开发[J].软件导刊,2007,16(9)：45-47.
[31]吕一峰,晏路明.校园三维景观建模及其飞行漫游的实现[J].四川测绘,2007(30)：122-125.
[32]Van Hook.Real-time Shaded NC Milling Display [J].Computer Graphics,2001,120(4): 15-20.
[33]Turner A K. Three-Dimensional Modeling with Geoscientific Information Systems [M]. NATO ASI 354, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.1992.
[34]江辉仙,张文开,林广发,黄万里.基于VRGIS的虚拟校园三维仿真技术应用[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版)2006,22(2)：109-113.
[35]林挥,龚建花.论虚拟地理环境[J].测绘学报,2002,31(1)：1-6.
[36]林卉,赵长胜,孙建文.数字校园3维建模与仿真的实现与设计[J].测绘通报,2004,29(9)：43-46.
[37]邓俊峰,等.校园VRGIS系统的设计与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2004(6).
[38]江辉仙,等.福建东圳库区淹没及水土流失的3D-VRGIS构建与应用[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(1).
[39]尚涛,等.基于VEGA API的城市规划系统的研究[J].武汉大学学报：工学版,2003(3).
[40]江辉仙,等.基于VRGIS的库区三维仿真系统设计及应用—以莆田市东圳水库为例[J].福建师范大学学报：自然科学版,2006,22(4).
[41]胡海艳,等.基于虚拟现实技术校园漫游系统的实现[J].电脑与电信,2009(6).
[42]余海滨.VR-GIS系统集成关键技术研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2008.
[43]张矿中.基于VR技术的虚拟战场实时漫游系统的研究与实现[D].山西：中北大学,2008.
[44]沈婕,闾国年,刘晓艳,等.虚拟城市建设方法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2001(1)：26-28.