三相无源软开关逆变器拓扑结构分析及其性能评价
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摘要
由于现代电力电子装置愈来愈趋向于小型化和轻量化,必然要求开关频率越来越高。当开关频率很高时,传统硬开关逆变器电路中,功率器件开关瞬间将出现峰值电流(负载电流、二极管反向恢复电流以及器件上寄生电容的放电电流)和极高的器件损耗峰值,还会产生电磁干扰问题。针对硬开关逆变器开关损耗大的问题,软开关电路的提出解决了这些问题。本文是基于国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助的《电气传动及控制系统节能技术的研发》(课题编号：2006AA04Z183)中的一部分——软开关三相PWM逆变器研究的课题进行的论述。
为了实现一种结构简单、高效、高频、低电压应力、易于控制的软开关三相逆变器。本文提出了一种控制简单的三相无源软开关逆变器,其控制简单,不需要改变原来硬开关逆变器的控制方式；拓扑电路中没有增加辅助功率开关器件,仅在原来硬开关逆变器中增加了谐振电感、谐振电容、快速恢复二极管和耦合电感等无源辅助器件。具有结构简单、控制方便、成本低、功耗小等特点。而且通过拓扑结构中的储能元件,在死区时间内可以实现续流,降低死区对输出电流和电压的影响。本文主要对该软开关逆变器的工作模式进行了详尽的理论分析,其中针对软开关动作、动作模式时间、输入电容电压变化、输出电压误差等问题作了专题性讨论；在理论分析的基础上进行了针对性仿真实验,通过与传统硬开关的对比仿真实验验证了该回路控制方法简单、在低频时输出电流畸变率低、开关动作损耗低等特点。并且通过畸变率分析、频谱分析、输出电压误差分析等,对该软开关逆变器作了性能评价。
最后针对本文中的三相无源软开关逆变器理论分析和系统仿真中出现的问题进行了总结和分析,并针对这些问题作了工作展望。
As modern power electronic devices tend to be smaller and lighter, it's necessary to get higher switching frequency. When the switching frequency is very high, the power switching devices will have a peak current and a peak devices damage instantaneously (load current, diode reverse recovery current and parasitic capacitance of the device on the discharge current), as well as some electromagnetic interference. Soft switching circuits solved the problem about the large loss of the hard-switching inverter. This article is based on a part of "Electric drive and control system research and development of energy-saving technologies" (topic number:2006AA04Z183)-"Three-phase soft-switching PWM inverter study" which is subsidized by the national high-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program).
In order to achieve a three-phase soft-switching inverter with simple structure, high efficiency, high-frequency, low voltage stress and easy to control, this thesis proposes a easy controlled three-phase soft-switching inverter. This kind of devices are easily controlled, and do not need to change the original hard-switching inverter. Also, topology auxiliary circuit does not increase the power switching device but only increase the resonant capacitor, fast recovery diode, coupled inductors and other passive auxiliary devices to the hard-switching added inverter resonant inductor. The devices have the characters like simple structure, easy controlled, low cost, small power consumption and so on. Besides, through the topology of the energy storage components, continued flow can be achieve in the dead time, and reduce the impact of the dead-zone to output current and voltage. In this thesis, we have a detailed theoretical analysis of the soft-switching inverter model's work and also have a discussion topic about the soft-switching action, action mode of time and changes in input capacitance voltage as well as output voltage error. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we have simulation experiments. Through the comparison simulation experiments, we prove that the loop control method is simple, the output current is low at low-frequency and switching loss is low, etc. Also, the evaluation of the soft-switching inverter performance is made through the aberration rate analysis, spectral analysis and the output voltage error analysis.
Finally, a summary and analysis is made about the theoretical analysis and system simulation problems of the three-phase passive soft-switching inverter. Some outlook of our work is summarized as well.
为了实现一种结构简单、高效、高频、低电压应力、易于控制的软开关三相逆变器。本文提出了一种控制简单的三相无源软开关逆变器,其控制简单,不需要改变原来硬开关逆变器的控制方式；拓扑电路中没有增加辅助功率开关器件,仅在原来硬开关逆变器中增加了谐振电感、谐振电容、快速恢复二极管和耦合电感等无源辅助器件。具有结构简单、控制方便、成本低、功耗小等特点。而且通过拓扑结构中的储能元件,在死区时间内可以实现续流,降低死区对输出电流和电压的影响。本文主要对该软开关逆变器的工作模式进行了详尽的理论分析,其中针对软开关动作、动作模式时间、输入电容电压变化、输出电压误差等问题作了专题性讨论；在理论分析的基础上进行了针对性仿真实验,通过与传统硬开关的对比仿真实验验证了该回路控制方法简单、在低频时输出电流畸变率低、开关动作损耗低等特点。并且通过畸变率分析、频谱分析、输出电压误差分析等,对该软开关逆变器作了性能评价。
最后针对本文中的三相无源软开关逆变器理论分析和系统仿真中出现的问题进行了总结和分析,并针对这些问题作了工作展望。
As modern power electronic devices tend to be smaller and lighter, it's necessary to get higher switching frequency. When the switching frequency is very high, the power switching devices will have a peak current and a peak devices damage instantaneously (load current, diode reverse recovery current and parasitic capacitance of the device on the discharge current), as well as some electromagnetic interference. Soft switching circuits solved the problem about the large loss of the hard-switching inverter. This article is based on a part of "Electric drive and control system research and development of energy-saving technologies" (topic number:2006AA04Z183)-"Three-phase soft-switching PWM inverter study" which is subsidized by the national high-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program).
In order to achieve a three-phase soft-switching inverter with simple structure, high efficiency, high-frequency, low voltage stress and easy to control, this thesis proposes a easy controlled three-phase soft-switching inverter. This kind of devices are easily controlled, and do not need to change the original hard-switching inverter. Also, topology auxiliary circuit does not increase the power switching device but only increase the resonant capacitor, fast recovery diode, coupled inductors and other passive auxiliary devices to the hard-switching added inverter resonant inductor. The devices have the characters like simple structure, easy controlled, low cost, small power consumption and so on. Besides, through the topology of the energy storage components, continued flow can be achieve in the dead time, and reduce the impact of the dead-zone to output current and voltage. In this thesis, we have a detailed theoretical analysis of the soft-switching inverter model's work and also have a discussion topic about the soft-switching action, action mode of time and changes in input capacitance voltage as well as output voltage error. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we have simulation experiments. Through the comparison simulation experiments, we prove that the loop control method is simple, the output current is low at low-frequency and switching loss is low, etc. Also, the evaluation of the soft-switching inverter performance is made through the aberration rate analysis, spectral analysis and the output voltage error analysis.
Finally, a summary and analysis is made about the theoretical analysis and system simulation problems of the three-phase passive soft-switching inverter. Some outlook of our work is summarized as well.
引文
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2.明正峰,倪光正,钟彦儒.软开关技术三相PWM逆变器及效率的分析研究[J],电工技术学报,18(4)：30-34.
3.明正峰.新型谐振过渡软开关三相PWM逆变器[D],西安：西安理工大学,2002.
4.周永明.逆变桥缓冲电路应用研究与软开关技术探讨[D],西安：西安理工大学,2003.
5.王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用[M],北京：科学出版社,2000,10-15.
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8.王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2004,135-140.
9.邓清秀.三相逆变器PWM实现方法研究[D],武汉：武汉工程大学,2006.
10.伍瑶.开关变换器的无源无损软开关技术研究[D],合肥：合肥工业大学,2007.
11.王增福,李旭,魏永明.软开关电源原理与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2006,4-6.
12. Harashim F. Power Electronics and Motion Control-A Future Perspective [J], Proceedings of IEEE,1994,82(8),1107-1111.
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16.刘风君.正弦波逆变器[M],北京：科学出版社,2002,35-44.
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22.吴军昌.谐振直流环节逆变器的研究[D],长沙：湖南大学,2006.
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24. Zhi Yang Pan, Fang Lin Luo. Novel resonant pole inverter for brushless DC motor drive system[J], IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(1):173-181.
25. Yu Q, Nelms R M. A single-phase resonant snubber inverter with fixed timing control for a UPS[J], PESC, Mexico,2003,18(4):1633-1638.
26. Wu T, Liang S. A Systematic Approach to Developing Single-Stage Soft Switching PWM Converters[J], IEEE Trans, Power Electron,2001,16(5):581-593.
27. Ahmed, Mahrous, Mekhilef, Saad. A three-phase three-level voltage source inverter with a three-phase two-level inverter as a main circuit [J], Power Electronics, Machines and Drives,2008. PEMD 2008.4th IET Conference on 2-4 April 2008 Page(s):640-644.
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30.洪乃刚,汪光阳,骆雅琴.新颖高性能零开关损耗PWM逆变器[J],华东冶金学院学报,1997,14(1),14-18.
31. J.A.Lambert, J.B.Vieira, LC.Frecitas, L.R.Barbosa and B.J.Farias. A boost PWM soft-single-switched converter with low voltage and current stresses [J], IEEE Transactions on power electronics,1998,1(13):26-35.
32. In-Hwan Oh, Myung-Joong Youn. A Simple Soft-Switched PWM Inverter Using Source Voltage Clamped Resonant Circuit[J], IEEE Trans, Indus, Elec.,1999,46(2):468-471.
33. Cancelliere, P., Colli, V.D., Di Stefano, R., Marignetti, F.. Modeling and Control of a Zero-Current-Switching DC/AC Current-Source Inverter [J], Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 54, Issue 4, Aug.2007 Page(s):2106-2119.
34. Oleg Wasynczuk, Henry J., Hegner. Simulation of Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole (ARCP) Converter[J], Proceedings of IECEC'97,1997,302-306.
35. Vlatkovic V, Borojevic D., Lee F., Cuadros C., Gataric S..A New Zero-Voltage Transition, Specialists Three-Phase PWM Rectifier/Inverter Circuit[J], Power Electronics Conference, 1993,868-873.
36.黄宇清,谢运样,周炼等.软开关技术发展现状评述[J],中国电工技术学会电力电力电子学会第七次学术年会论文集,2002,460-464.
37.齐群,张波.软开关PWM变换器发展综述[J],电路与系统学报,2000,5(3)：50-56.
38.周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.现代开关电源控制电路设计及应用[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2005,69-80.
39.李泽元.高频多谐振变流技术及其应用[J],电力电子技术,1991,3-13.
40. Smith.K.M.. Engineering Design of Lossless Passive Soft Switching Methods for PWM Converters-Part Ⅰ:With Minimum Voltage Stress Circuit Cells[J], IEEE Trans. on Power Elect ronics,2001,16(3):336-344.
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45. K. Mark Smith, Keyue Smedly Ma Smedley. Lossless passive soft-switching methods for invers and amplifiers [J], IEEE Transactions on power electronics,2000,15(1):164-173.
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2.明正峰,倪光正,钟彦儒.软开关技术三相PWM逆变器及效率的分析研究[J],电工技术学报,18(4)：30-34.
3.明正峰.新型谐振过渡软开关三相PWM逆变器[D],西安：西安理工大学,2002.
4.周永明.逆变桥缓冲电路应用研究与软开关技术探讨[D],西安：西安理工大学,2003.
5.王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用[M],北京：科学出版社,2000,10-15.
6.陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2001,8-12.
7.曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬.逆变技术基础与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2007,1-7.
8.王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2004,135-140.
9.邓清秀.三相逆变器PWM实现方法研究[D],武汉：武汉工程大学,2006.
10.伍瑶.开关变换器的无源无损软开关技术研究[D],合肥：合肥工业大学,2007.
11.王增福,李旭,魏永明.软开关电源原理与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2006,4-6.
12. Harashim F. Power Electronics and Motion Control-A Future Perspective [J], Proceedings of IEEE,1994,82(8),1107-1111.
13. Akagi H. New Trends in Active Filters[J], Proceedings of EPE'95, Sevilla,1995,17-26.
14.林渭勋.现代电力电子电路[M],杭州：浙江大学出版社,2002,77-92.
15.赵定远,赵莉华等.现代电力电子器件的发展[J],成都大学学报：自然科学版,2007,26(3)：210-214.
16.刘风君.正弦波逆变器[M],北京：科学出版社,2002,35-44.
17. Maria D.Bellar, Tzong-Shiam Wu, Aristide Tchamdjou, etal. A review of soft-switched DC-AC converter[J], IEEE Trans, on Ind, Applicat,1998,34(4):847-860.
18.蔡宣三.电力电子学的发展战略调查研究报告[D],1998,7-10.
19.阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2000,58-61.
20.许春雨.软开关三相PWM逆变技术研究[D],上海：上海大学,2004.
21.邓焰.桥式逆变电路无源无损耗吸收技术研究[D],杭州：浙江大学,2000.
22.吴军昌.谐振直流环节逆变器的研究[D],长沙：湖南大学,2006.
23.郑连清,王青峰,朱军,王腾.逆变器软开关技术的发展和现状[J],智能电器及计算机应用,2007,(3)：21-24.
24. Zhi Yang Pan, Fang Lin Luo. Novel resonant pole inverter for brushless DC motor drive system[J], IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(1):173-181.
25. Yu Q, Nelms R M. A single-phase resonant snubber inverter with fixed timing control for a UPS[J], PESC, Mexico,2003,18(4):1633-1638.
26. Wu T, Liang S. A Systematic Approach to Developing Single-Stage Soft Switching PWM Converters[J], IEEE Trans, Power Electron,2001,16(5):581-593.
27. Ahmed, Mahrous, Mekhilef, Saad. A three-phase three-level voltage source inverter with a three-phase two-level inverter as a main circuit [J], Power Electronics, Machines and Drives,2008. PEMD 2008.4th IET Conference on 2-4 April 2008 Page(s):640-644.
28.周继华,李宏.RDCLI主回路设计与拓扑优化[J],电力电子技术,1996,30(1),29-31.
29. Wen, Jun, Smedley, Keyue. A New Multilevel Inverter-Hexagram Inverter for Medium-Voltage Adjustable Speed Drive Systems Part Ⅰ. Six-phase Motor Drive [J], Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives,2007. POWERENG 2007. International Conference on 12-14 April 2007 Page(s):611-617.
30.洪乃刚,汪光阳,骆雅琴.新颖高性能零开关损耗PWM逆变器[J],华东冶金学院学报,1997,14(1),14-18.
31. J.A.Lambert, J.B.Vieira, LC.Frecitas, L.R.Barbosa and B.J.Farias. A boost PWM soft-single-switched converter with low voltage and current stresses [J], IEEE Transactions on power electronics,1998,1(13):26-35.
32. In-Hwan Oh, Myung-Joong Youn. A Simple Soft-Switched PWM Inverter Using Source Voltage Clamped Resonant Circuit[J], IEEE Trans, Indus, Elec.,1999,46(2):468-471.
33. Cancelliere, P., Colli, V.D., Di Stefano, R., Marignetti, F.. Modeling and Control of a Zero-Current-Switching DC/AC Current-Source Inverter [J], Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 54, Issue 4, Aug.2007 Page(s):2106-2119.
34. Oleg Wasynczuk, Henry J., Hegner. Simulation of Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole (ARCP) Converter[J], Proceedings of IECEC'97,1997,302-306.
35. Vlatkovic V, Borojevic D., Lee F., Cuadros C., Gataric S..A New Zero-Voltage Transition, Specialists Three-Phase PWM Rectifier/Inverter Circuit[J], Power Electronics Conference, 1993,868-873.
36.黄宇清,谢运样,周炼等.软开关技术发展现状评述[J],中国电工技术学会电力电力电子学会第七次学术年会论文集,2002,460-464.
37.齐群,张波.软开关PWM变换器发展综述[J],电路与系统学报,2000,5(3)：50-56.
38.周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.现代开关电源控制电路设计及应用[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2005,69-80.
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