基于孵化理论的我国第四方物流发展研究
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摘要
第四方物流通过对客户企业的供应链设计和重组以及对区域物流资源的整合,使物流过程无论在企业内部还是在区域范围内都能达到高效运作,对于我国物流业的产业升级和制造业的综合竞争力的提升都有着重要意义。由政府营造第四方物流发展所需要的环境,对第四方物流进行孵化,是促使我国物流业实现跨越发展的一条可能的途径。
本文通过整理第四方物流在国内外的一些实践和尝试,分析了目前我国第四方物流的发展现状和所面临的问题;然后从市场需求、政府政策、支撑行业和国际经济形势等方面对我国发展第四方物流进行了SWOT分析并得出了一些可能的发展战略。
基于国内并未出现真正意义上的第四方物流企业,本文借鉴了高新技术产业的孵化理论,将之应用于第四方物流的孵化。通过分析孵化器是否能够解决第四方物流所面临的问题,探讨了第四方物流孵化的可行性;通过对高新技术产业和第四方物流产业的比较分析,确定了第四方物流孵化的主导者和孵化模式;对第四方物流孵化器的功能定位、孵化主体和孵化流程分别进行了研究。
最后,本文以宁波市发展第四方物流市场作为第四方物流孵化的一个案例。具体分析了政府在设计第四方物流孵化器中的选择国有的大型物流企业和银行联合体作为4PL的运营主体;把孵化功能定位于政策和制度制定、物流信息平台的搭建和信用体系构建。以实例阐明了政府可以通过营造第四方物流的发展环境来促成第四方物流的孵化。
The Fourth Party Logistics(4PL) makes logistics operation achieve high-efficiently through designing and reorganizing custom’s supply chain and coordinating regional logistics resources. It also has important meaning for the logistics industry’s upgrade of our country. Constructing the environment for 4PL development by government and incubating 4PL is a possible way to achieve the span-development of our country’s logistics industry.
This thesis analyzed the problem of 4PL development we face in China by collect and analyse the practices& attempts of 4PL operations in our country and in the world. Then the next chapter did the SOWT analysis through market requirement、government policy、support industries and the world economic status, and concluded some possible development stratagems.
Due to we do not have a 4PL in strict meaning, this thesis applied the theory of high-technical industry incubating into the 4PL incubation. Discussed the feasibility of 4PL incubation through analyzing the problem 4PL facing can be solved or not; Confirmed the leading and the model of incubation through comparing the high-technical industry and 4PL industry; Researched the incubation functions、object and flow.
At last, the thesis expatiated the 4PL market of NingBo as a example of the 4PL incubation in our country. Concretely analyzed the government select 3PL and the union of banks as the 4PL incubation object; taking function for policy establishing、logistics IT flat building and credit system constructing. The thesis proved that government can achieve 4PL incubation by constructing it’s development environment.
本文通过整理第四方物流在国内外的一些实践和尝试,分析了目前我国第四方物流的发展现状和所面临的问题;然后从市场需求、政府政策、支撑行业和国际经济形势等方面对我国发展第四方物流进行了SWOT分析并得出了一些可能的发展战略。
基于国内并未出现真正意义上的第四方物流企业,本文借鉴了高新技术产业的孵化理论,将之应用于第四方物流的孵化。通过分析孵化器是否能够解决第四方物流所面临的问题,探讨了第四方物流孵化的可行性;通过对高新技术产业和第四方物流产业的比较分析,确定了第四方物流孵化的主导者和孵化模式;对第四方物流孵化器的功能定位、孵化主体和孵化流程分别进行了研究。
最后,本文以宁波市发展第四方物流市场作为第四方物流孵化的一个案例。具体分析了政府在设计第四方物流孵化器中的选择国有的大型物流企业和银行联合体作为4PL的运营主体;把孵化功能定位于政策和制度制定、物流信息平台的搭建和信用体系构建。以实例阐明了政府可以通过营造第四方物流的发展环境来促成第四方物流的孵化。
The Fourth Party Logistics(4PL) makes logistics operation achieve high-efficiently through designing and reorganizing custom’s supply chain and coordinating regional logistics resources. It also has important meaning for the logistics industry’s upgrade of our country. Constructing the environment for 4PL development by government and incubating 4PL is a possible way to achieve the span-development of our country’s logistics industry.
This thesis analyzed the problem of 4PL development we face in China by collect and analyse the practices& attempts of 4PL operations in our country and in the world. Then the next chapter did the SOWT analysis through market requirement、government policy、support industries and the world economic status, and concluded some possible development stratagems.
Due to we do not have a 4PL in strict meaning, this thesis applied the theory of high-technical industry incubating into the 4PL incubation. Discussed the feasibility of 4PL incubation through analyzing the problem 4PL facing can be solved or not; Confirmed the leading and the model of incubation through comparing the high-technical industry and 4PL industry; Researched the incubation functions、object and flow.
At last, the thesis expatiated the 4PL market of NingBo as a example of the 4PL incubation in our country. Concretely analyzed the government select 3PL and the union of banks as the 4PL incubation object; taking function for policy establishing、logistics IT flat building and credit system constructing. The thesis proved that government can achieve 4PL incubation by constructing it’s development environment.
引文
[1]约翰·盖特纳.战略供应链联盟[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2003.
[2] John Gattorna.Strategic Supply Chain Alignment:Best Practice in Supply Chain Management[M].Gower Publishing Company,1998.
[3]宋华.整合供应链服务提供商第四方物流[J].经济理论与经济管理, 2003(8):40-44.
[4]邹振高.浅谈第四方物流的产生和发展[J].铁道物资科学管理,2003(6):28-29.
[5]韩立清.外包、供应链集成与第四方物流[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(7):154-157.
[6]杨竹青,杨路明.第四方物流供应链物流的管理者[J].企业管理,2005(2):100-103.
[7]王立海,宋杨.我国第四方物流运作主体的发展趋势研究[J].商场现代化,2009(2):127-128.
[8]吴玮,倪卫红.我国第四方物流运作模式及核心竞争力研究[J].经济师,2005(10):62-64.
[9]赵广华.第四方物流运作中的问题及其应对策略[J].管理世界,2006(7):141-142.
[10]周荛阳,邓金娥.基于交易成本的第四方物流经济学分析[J].铁道运输与经济,2009(3):58-61.
[11]毛光烈.第四方物流理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[12]田宇,朱道立.物流联盟形成机理研究[J].物流技术,2000(2):34-36.
[13]陆道生.第四方物流:理论探索与实践运作[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版,2004.
[14]任登魁.第四方物流—21世纪财富的新金矿[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004.
[15]奚祥英.第四方物流在我国的应用及发展[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2002(24):71-74.
[16] Rudy Aernoudt.Incubators:Tool for Entrepreneurship[J].Small Business Econmomics,2004(23):127-135.
[17] Smilor R W.Commercializing Technology Through New Business Incubators[J].Research Management,1987(30):36-41.
[18] Allen D N,R McCluskey.Structure,Policy,Services,and Performance in the Business Incubator Industry[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,1990,15(2):61-77.
[19]罗斯顿·拉卡卡.经济发展中的企业孵化器.天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997.
[20] Sherman H,D S Chappell.Methodological Challenges in Evaluating Business Incubator Outcomes[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1998,12(4):313-321.
[21]黄海.创新中心的管理和发展模式研究[D].四川:西南交通大学,2002.
[22]王珲.对中国建设流动型科技企业孵化器的研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学,2001.
[23]吉莉.科技企业孵化器的研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学,2002.
[24] NBIA:International Conference Examines Business Incubators as Tools for Accelerating EconomicGrowth.NBIA Press Release(May 2001).
[25]赵黎明,付春满.科技企业孵化器的孵化服务开发研究[J].科技管理研究,2007(12):79-83.
[26]张景安.中国科技企业孵化器案例分析与发展对策[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2001.
[27]张冬第,范伟军,吴寿仁.中国科技企业孵化器问题研究报告[R].2005.
[28]刘峰涛,张元萍.国家创新体系中的孵化器解构[J].西北工业大学学报,2005(3):30-33.
[29]周志家,江卉,陈冬雪.从创业网络的角度反思我国的科技企业孵化模式[J].高科技与产业化,2004(8):94-95.
[30]钱平凡,李志能.孵化器运作的国际经验与我国孵化器产业的发展对策[J].管理世界,2000(6):78-84.
[31]吴寿仁,李湛,王荣.世界企业孵化器发展的沿革、现状与趋势研究[J].外国经济与管理,2002(12):24-30.
[32]李刚,张玉臣,陈德棉.孵化器支撑环境研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(6):23-25.
[33] Campbell C,R C Kendrick,D S Samuelson.Stalking the Latent Enterpreneur:Businesss Incubators and Economic Development[J].Economic Development Review,1985,3(2):43-49.
[34] Paul D Hannon.A Conceptual Development Framework for Management and Leadership Learning in the UK Incubator Sector[J].Education&Training,2003,45(8):449-460.
[35] Autio E,M Kloftsen.A Comparative Study of Two European Business Incubators[J].Journal of Small Business Management,1998,36(1):30-43.
[36] Culp R P.A Test of Business Growth Through Analysis of a Technology Incubator Program,Unpublished Issertation[C].Atlanta:Georgia Institute of Technology,1996.
[37] Bearse P.A Question of Evaluation:NBIA’s Impact Assessment of Business Incubators[J].Economic Development Quarterly,19985,12(4):322-333.
[38] Lumpkin J R,R D Ireland.Screening Practices of New Business Incubators:The Evaluation of Critical Success Factors[J].American Journal of Small Business,1998,12(4):59-81.
[39] Campbell C , DNAllen.The Small Business Ineubator Industry:Miero-level Eeonomic Development[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1987,l(2):178-191.
[40] Roberts B,Reamer A,Padden J.Iowa funded business incubators:an assessment of contributions for enterprise development.Cedar RaPids(IA):Iowa Department of Economic Development ,1990:20-26.
[41] Massey D,Wield D.Evaluating Seience Park[J].Local Economy.1992,(7):10-25.
[42] Mian S A.Assessing and Managing the University Technology Business Incubator:An Integrative Framework[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1997,12(4):251-285.
[43] Chan K F,Lau,Theresa.Assessing Technology Incubator Programs in the Seience Park:the Good,the Bad and the Ugly[J].Technology Innovation,2005,25(10):1215-1228.
[44]曹细玉.企业孵化器孵化能力评价研究[J].科技进步与对策,2001(6):13-14.
[45]晏敬东,简利君,胡树华.科技企业孵化器管理绩效的评价指标体系设计[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(6):44-47.
[46]白晓松,肖云.科技型企业孵化器的评价指标体系[J].经济论坛,2004(23):48-49.
[47]高铁军,王爽.企业孵化器成熟度测评系统研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(10):154-157.
[48]张礼建,郑荣娟,程乐.科技企业孵化器孵化绩效评价指标体系构造[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(3):147-151.
[49]王庆金,王炬香,于庆东.基于灰色系统的科技企业孵化器运作绩效综合模糊评价[J].青岛大学学报(自然科学版),2007(4):77-81.
[50]徐菱涓,王正新,李东.我国科技企业孵化器绩效评价的理论基础研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009(7):29-31.
[51]朱常利,陈芝,单泪源,等.基于信息嫡的科技企业孵化器评价指标体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2009(10):313-317.
[52]王震,黄金枝,谷力群.科技企业孵化器动态绩效评价模型研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(9):128-131.
[53]陈雅萍,朱国俊,刘娜.第三方物流[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[2] John Gattorna.Strategic Supply Chain Alignment:Best Practice in Supply Chain Management[M].Gower Publishing Company,1998.
[3]宋华.整合供应链服务提供商第四方物流[J].经济理论与经济管理, 2003(8):40-44.
[4]邹振高.浅谈第四方物流的产生和发展[J].铁道物资科学管理,2003(6):28-29.
[5]韩立清.外包、供应链集成与第四方物流[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2003(7):154-157.
[6]杨竹青,杨路明.第四方物流供应链物流的管理者[J].企业管理,2005(2):100-103.
[7]王立海,宋杨.我国第四方物流运作主体的发展趋势研究[J].商场现代化,2009(2):127-128.
[8]吴玮,倪卫红.我国第四方物流运作模式及核心竞争力研究[J].经济师,2005(10):62-64.
[9]赵广华.第四方物流运作中的问题及其应对策略[J].管理世界,2006(7):141-142.
[10]周荛阳,邓金娥.基于交易成本的第四方物流经济学分析[J].铁道运输与经济,2009(3):58-61.
[11]毛光烈.第四方物流理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[12]田宇,朱道立.物流联盟形成机理研究[J].物流技术,2000(2):34-36.
[13]陆道生.第四方物流:理论探索与实践运作[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版,2004.
[14]任登魁.第四方物流—21世纪财富的新金矿[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004.
[15]奚祥英.第四方物流在我国的应用及发展[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2002(24):71-74.
[16] Rudy Aernoudt.Incubators:Tool for Entrepreneurship[J].Small Business Econmomics,2004(23):127-135.
[17] Smilor R W.Commercializing Technology Through New Business Incubators[J].Research Management,1987(30):36-41.
[18] Allen D N,R McCluskey.Structure,Policy,Services,and Performance in the Business Incubator Industry[J].Entrepreneurship Theory&Practice,1990,15(2):61-77.
[19]罗斯顿·拉卡卡.经济发展中的企业孵化器.天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997.
[20] Sherman H,D S Chappell.Methodological Challenges in Evaluating Business Incubator Outcomes[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1998,12(4):313-321.
[21]黄海.创新中心的管理和发展模式研究[D].四川:西南交通大学,2002.
[22]王珲.对中国建设流动型科技企业孵化器的研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学,2001.
[23]吉莉.科技企业孵化器的研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学,2002.
[24] NBIA:International Conference Examines Business Incubators as Tools for Accelerating EconomicGrowth.NBIA Press Release(May 2001).
[25]赵黎明,付春满.科技企业孵化器的孵化服务开发研究[J].科技管理研究,2007(12):79-83.
[26]张景安.中国科技企业孵化器案例分析与发展对策[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2001.
[27]张冬第,范伟军,吴寿仁.中国科技企业孵化器问题研究报告[R].2005.
[28]刘峰涛,张元萍.国家创新体系中的孵化器解构[J].西北工业大学学报,2005(3):30-33.
[29]周志家,江卉,陈冬雪.从创业网络的角度反思我国的科技企业孵化模式[J].高科技与产业化,2004(8):94-95.
[30]钱平凡,李志能.孵化器运作的国际经验与我国孵化器产业的发展对策[J].管理世界,2000(6):78-84.
[31]吴寿仁,李湛,王荣.世界企业孵化器发展的沿革、现状与趋势研究[J].外国经济与管理,2002(12):24-30.
[32]李刚,张玉臣,陈德棉.孵化器支撑环境研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(6):23-25.
[33] Campbell C,R C Kendrick,D S Samuelson.Stalking the Latent Enterpreneur:Businesss Incubators and Economic Development[J].Economic Development Review,1985,3(2):43-49.
[34] Paul D Hannon.A Conceptual Development Framework for Management and Leadership Learning in the UK Incubator Sector[J].Education&Training,2003,45(8):449-460.
[35] Autio E,M Kloftsen.A Comparative Study of Two European Business Incubators[J].Journal of Small Business Management,1998,36(1):30-43.
[36] Culp R P.A Test of Business Growth Through Analysis of a Technology Incubator Program,Unpublished Issertation[C].Atlanta:Georgia Institute of Technology,1996.
[37] Bearse P.A Question of Evaluation:NBIA’s Impact Assessment of Business Incubators[J].Economic Development Quarterly,19985,12(4):322-333.
[38] Lumpkin J R,R D Ireland.Screening Practices of New Business Incubators:The Evaluation of Critical Success Factors[J].American Journal of Small Business,1998,12(4):59-81.
[39] Campbell C , DNAllen.The Small Business Ineubator Industry:Miero-level Eeonomic Development[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1987,l(2):178-191.
[40] Roberts B,Reamer A,Padden J.Iowa funded business incubators:an assessment of contributions for enterprise development.Cedar RaPids(IA):Iowa Department of Economic Development ,1990:20-26.
[41] Massey D,Wield D.Evaluating Seience Park[J].Local Economy.1992,(7):10-25.
[42] Mian S A.Assessing and Managing the University Technology Business Incubator:An Integrative Framework[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1997,12(4):251-285.
[43] Chan K F,Lau,Theresa.Assessing Technology Incubator Programs in the Seience Park:the Good,the Bad and the Ugly[J].Technology Innovation,2005,25(10):1215-1228.
[44]曹细玉.企业孵化器孵化能力评价研究[J].科技进步与对策,2001(6):13-14.
[45]晏敬东,简利君,胡树华.科技企业孵化器管理绩效的评价指标体系设计[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(6):44-47.
[46]白晓松,肖云.科技型企业孵化器的评价指标体系[J].经济论坛,2004(23):48-49.
[47]高铁军,王爽.企业孵化器成熟度测评系统研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(10):154-157.
[48]张礼建,郑荣娟,程乐.科技企业孵化器孵化绩效评价指标体系构造[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(3):147-151.
[49]王庆金,王炬香,于庆东.基于灰色系统的科技企业孵化器运作绩效综合模糊评价[J].青岛大学学报(自然科学版),2007(4):77-81.
[50]徐菱涓,王正新,李东.我国科技企业孵化器绩效评价的理论基础研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009(7):29-31.
[51]朱常利,陈芝,单泪源,等.基于信息嫡的科技企业孵化器评价指标体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2009(10):313-317.
[52]王震,黄金枝,谷力群.科技企业孵化器动态绩效评价模型研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(9):128-131.
[53]陈雅萍,朱国俊,刘娜.第三方物流[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.