淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的研究与试验
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摘要
皮蛋是我国传统的特色食品,其产量居我国蛋制品之首。为了防止皮蛋在储藏过程中水分散失以及微生物入侵,提高皮蛋的保鲜和储藏时间,皮蛋蛋壳表面往往采用涂抹泥糠、涂食用级石蜡、真空吸塑等包装措施。传统皮蛋生产中外裹泥糠的保鲜方法不符合检疫、方便、卫生等要求,因此,目前一些企业使用食品级固态蜡封装进行皮蛋保鲜包装,但尚无能够应用于实际生产的封蜡机械。所以企业普遍采用手工涂食品级石蜡来实现皮蛋保鲜,针对该情况,本文研究开发了淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机。
论文主要研究内容与结论如下：
(1)淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机封蜡方法的确定。针对目前蛋品涂膜的三种主要方式,分别进行涂膜试验,比较涂膜后的效果,确定淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡方法。由淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡原理确定封蜡机的工作过程,并完成总体结构设计。
(2)根据淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的设计要求,计算封蜡机所需涂蜡量、泵的功率传动系统的传动比、机械系统运动尺寸及电动机的功率,分析淋蜡口大小与淋蜡量的关系、液态石蜡温度和皮蛋输送速度对蜡膜厚度的影响。
(3)为达到理想的封蜡效果,对淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的关键部件进行设计。
(4)运用AT89S52单片机,对淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机进行控制,针对操作流程设计电路及程序,控制淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机中熔蜡箱和淋蜡箱的温度、自加热保温泵的启动停止和正反转及电机的启动停止。达到按工作过程一键工作或停止的自动控制目的。
(5)利用ANSYS 12.0软件对淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的熔蜡箱进行热分析。确定其对石蜡加热时的等温线及热流量分布状况,分析得出合理的熔蜡箱加热系统改进措施。
(6)淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的试验研究,确定液态石蜡温度和皮蛋输送速度对涂蜡量、皮蛋封蜡表面质量、皮蛋破损率的关系,以及淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的工作效率和能耗。
(7)对试验结果进行分析,确定淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的优化工作参数及技术经济指标。
Preserved egg is the traditional food of China, boasting the most production of all eggs products in China. Preserved egg is wrapped by mud mixed with ash and bran, edible paraffin or vacuum plastics to prevent the moisture dissipation and the microbial invasion improving the storage time. However, the traditional method to retain freshness of preserved eggs such as wrapping the mud does not meet the requirement of quarantine, convenient and health. Therefore, some enterprise wrap preserved eggs with edible solid paraffin in retaining the freshness. But few formed machines can be applied to practical production. As a result, some companies generally use edible solid paraffin by hand to keep freshness. According to this, this paper researches and develops the top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs.
This paper concluded the following parts:
(1) The defining of top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs. Take the current coating methods of eggs into the coating experiment, so that this research could determine the optimal method, pouring paraffin from the top, comparing the results of the experiment.
(2) According the requirement of the top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs, this research calculated the amount of paraffin needed, the power of the pump and the electric motor, the ration of the transmission system, the size of the mechanical systems movement, besides these, this research also studies the connection of drench paraffin mouth and paraffin amount, the temperature of the liquid paraffin, and the speed of the conveyor belt, and finally it comes out how all factors above affect the thickness of the paraffin coat.
(3) In order to realize the best sealing paraffin, this research designed the critical components of the machine.
(4) We can control the the top-pouring machine by using the singlechip AT89S52. Considering the operating procedure, this research designed the circuits and programs, so as to control the temperature, electric motor and the pump motor, therefore it's feasible to have a key switch to start or stop the machine according to the working process
(5) This research also studied the melting paraffin box by ANSYS 12.0, defining the isotherm during the paraffin heating, and in the end this research proposed the improvement of the reasonable melting paraffin box's heating system.
(6) The research confirmed the impact of the liquid paraffin temperature and the preserved eggs conveyor speed on amount of sealing paraffin, quality of sealing paraffin and percentage of damaged, the efficiency and energy consumption of the top-pouring machine.
(7) After analyzing the experiment results, this research defines the optimal circumstance and technical economical index of top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs.
论文主要研究内容与结论如下：
(1)淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机封蜡方法的确定。针对目前蛋品涂膜的三种主要方式,分别进行涂膜试验,比较涂膜后的效果,确定淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡方法。由淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡原理确定封蜡机的工作过程,并完成总体结构设计。
(2)根据淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的设计要求,计算封蜡机所需涂蜡量、泵的功率传动系统的传动比、机械系统运动尺寸及电动机的功率,分析淋蜡口大小与淋蜡量的关系、液态石蜡温度和皮蛋输送速度对蜡膜厚度的影响。
(3)为达到理想的封蜡效果,对淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的关键部件进行设计。
(4)运用AT89S52单片机,对淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机进行控制,针对操作流程设计电路及程序,控制淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机中熔蜡箱和淋蜡箱的温度、自加热保温泵的启动停止和正反转及电机的启动停止。达到按工作过程一键工作或停止的自动控制目的。
(5)利用ANSYS 12.0软件对淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的熔蜡箱进行热分析。确定其对石蜡加热时的等温线及热流量分布状况,分析得出合理的熔蜡箱加热系统改进措施。
(6)淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的试验研究,确定液态石蜡温度和皮蛋输送速度对涂蜡量、皮蛋封蜡表面质量、皮蛋破损率的关系,以及淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的工作效率和能耗。
(7)对试验结果进行分析,确定淋蜡式皮蛋封蜡机的优化工作参数及技术经济指标。
Preserved egg is the traditional food of China, boasting the most production of all eggs products in China. Preserved egg is wrapped by mud mixed with ash and bran, edible paraffin or vacuum plastics to prevent the moisture dissipation and the microbial invasion improving the storage time. However, the traditional method to retain freshness of preserved eggs such as wrapping the mud does not meet the requirement of quarantine, convenient and health. Therefore, some enterprise wrap preserved eggs with edible solid paraffin in retaining the freshness. But few formed machines can be applied to practical production. As a result, some companies generally use edible solid paraffin by hand to keep freshness. According to this, this paper researches and develops the top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs.
This paper concluded the following parts:
(1) The defining of top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs. Take the current coating methods of eggs into the coating experiment, so that this research could determine the optimal method, pouring paraffin from the top, comparing the results of the experiment.
(2) According the requirement of the top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs, this research calculated the amount of paraffin needed, the power of the pump and the electric motor, the ration of the transmission system, the size of the mechanical systems movement, besides these, this research also studies the connection of drench paraffin mouth and paraffin amount, the temperature of the liquid paraffin, and the speed of the conveyor belt, and finally it comes out how all factors above affect the thickness of the paraffin coat.
(3) In order to realize the best sealing paraffin, this research designed the critical components of the machine.
(4) We can control the the top-pouring machine by using the singlechip AT89S52. Considering the operating procedure, this research designed the circuits and programs, so as to control the temperature, electric motor and the pump motor, therefore it's feasible to have a key switch to start or stop the machine according to the working process
(5) This research also studied the melting paraffin box by ANSYS 12.0, defining the isotherm during the paraffin heating, and in the end this research proposed the improvement of the reasonable melting paraffin box's heating system.
(6) The research confirmed the impact of the liquid paraffin temperature and the preserved eggs conveyor speed on amount of sealing paraffin, quality of sealing paraffin and percentage of damaged, the efficiency and energy consumption of the top-pouring machine.
(7) After analyzing the experiment results, this research defines the optimal circumstance and technical economical index of top-pouring machine for sealing paraffin on preserved eggs.
引文
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2.蔡增基,龙天渝.流体力学泵与风机.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006：137-139
3.陈庆东,张少英.苹果保鲜涂蜡设备.农机与食品机械,1996(3)：18-19
4.陈玉国.单片机在电力设备温度监测中的应用.河南科技,2008(11)：32-33
5.陈倬.单片机在火灾报警控制系统中的应用.科技资讯,2009(22)：91-91
6.崔江红,穆云超ANSYS在CBN砂轮磨削温度场计算机仿真中的应用.精密制造与自动化,2005(1)：39-41
7.高宏平.单片机远程控制空调系统中温度检测装置的应用.机械管理开发,2009,24(5)：182-183,185
8.韩刚.皮蛋涂膜保质研究进展(综述).养禽与禽病防治,1993(4)：38-39
9.黄国权.有限元法基础及(?)ANSYS应用.机械工业出版社,2004
10.黄琼,吕峰.无铅皮蛋保鲜工艺的研究.现代食品科技,2009,25(7)：804-806,789
11.黄玉秋,祈胜杰.两种聚乙烯蜡对石蜡物理性能的影响.化工文摘,2008,5：28-30
12.解本铭,鞠红超.Ansys在镀锌锅空间温度场分析中的应用.中国民航大学学报,2008,26(1)：40-42
13.金乔雅,王海鸥蜡乳液对鸡蛋的涂膜保鲜.无锡轻工大学学报,2004,(03)：65-68+72
14.孔祥谦.有限单元法在传热学中的应用.北京：科学出版社.1986
15.李博洋,李迪阳.液化天然气船隔热舱室温度场的仿真计算.中国航海,2008,31(4)：352-355,382
16.李瑞,韩奇钢,贾晓鹏等.旁热式高压合成腔体内温场分布的有限元模拟.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2009(2)：9-12
17.李湘萍.水果涂膜保鲜技术与装备.农产品加工,2002(1)：26-26
18.李言杰,朴林华,李白华.加速度对三维密闭腔体的温度场和流场影响的有限元分析.北京信息科技大学学报：自然科学版,2009,24(2)：59-62
19.梁凯淋.单片机技术的发展及应用.中小企业管理与科技,2009(12)：247-247
20.蔺金元,车进.单片机智能控制在太阳能热水器中的应用.河西学院学报,2009,25(2)：21-23
21.刘洁,庞杰.水果的涂蜡处理.中国农村科技,2003(11)：39-40
22.龙卓珉.高性能单片机ADuC824的特点及在炉温控制系统中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2009(6)：89-91
23.马美湖.我国蛋品工业科技的几大热点(上).肉类研究,2000(3)：3-7
24.马美湖.我国蛋品工业科技的几大热点(下).肉类研究,2000(4)：11-13,7
25.欧阳玲花,冯健雄,闵华等.皮蛋加工研究现状与展望.食品工业科技,2009,4：349-352
26.施雯,吴明,李高萍等.用有限元法计算罐车内轻油温度场.油气储运,2009,28(2)：31-33
27.孙俊.柴油机活塞温度场有限元分析的简单方法.应用科技,2009,36(6)：69-71
28.屠康,潘嘉庆,赵立等.我国蛋品加工与利用的现状与展望.农业产业化,2005,4：27-29
29.陶冶,袁永超,罗平.基于DS 18B20的单片机温度测量系统.农机化研究,2007(10)：160-164
30.汪传生,张俊岭,边慧光等.密炼室三维温度场分析.弹性体,2008,18(4)：5-10
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