集群式供应链跨链间协作决策模型研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的进步和生产力的发展，我国集群经济得到了迅猛发展，涌现出一批经营灵活的企业集群。集群内，大量产业链上下游企业聚集在一起，形成许多供应链。从产业集群与供应链耦合的角度出发，产生了集群式供应链，这为促进区域经济发展、产业升级提供了新的空间。集群式供应链成为维系产业集群稳定发展的关键因素，集群的专业化程度比较高，国内外技术的快速发展和市场需求的变化，国际分工的转移等都会对集群造成冲击，单个企业的供应链抗风险冲击能力很弱必须与集群内的其它企业进行协作，建立共生机制的集群式供应链跨链间协作模式，以增强整个产业集群的竞争力和扩张力，这是我国产业集群快速持续发展的关键，也是供应链管理领域的前沿研究课题。
集群式供应链跨间协作是以复杂网络式供应链为视角研究多链间的协作。由于协作的多层次性、复杂性，以及外部市场的多样性，协作过程会因多种不确定性和多种利益博弈必然会呈现各种复杂性问题。因此，深入研究并界定―跨链间协作‖范式中相关概念内涵，分析集群式供应链跨链间协作的组织形式，构建生产协作和库存协作的决策模型及其协调机制，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文在对国内外研究成果进行梳理和总结的基础上，分析集群式供应链跨链间协作的驱动力及其组织模式，运用决策优化理论、博弈论以及优化算法等方法，围绕集群式供应链链间生产协作和库存协作问题，对跨链间协作决策方法和协调机制进行了深入地研究。
首先，本文分析了集群式供应链的形成与演化发展路径，界定了集群式供应链跨链间协作的概念；分析了集群式供应链的组织结构，在此基础上对集群式供应链进行了分类；根据集群式供应链的地域—盟约关系结构，提出集群式供应链跨链间协作的服务平台建立方式，对服务平台的管理方式和盈利方式进行了分析。
其次，针对客户不确定需求，对集群式供应链跨链间生产协作问题进行了描述；根据客户需求和生产能力分享的需求和响应，建立基于需求和能力分享的决策模型，包括需求分享决策模型和能力分享决策模型，为实现集群式供应链利润的最大化，设计了合理的分配协议，运用贪婪算法对模型进行求解；根据协作企业需求和能力的动态变化，采用服务水平和总利润作为评价的指标，构建了决策模型，在此基础上提出了集群式供应链动态协作机制。
接着，概述了供应链库存决策模型，包括经济订购批量模型和考虑数量折扣的经济订购批量模型；将纵向的经济订购批量模型与横向的库存协作相结合，提出了库存协作机制，在此基础上，以利润最大化为目标，建立了集群式供应链库存协作决策模型，对模型的求解进行了性质分析，并提出了搜索优化算法来对模型进行求解。
最后，将竞合关系引入跨链间协作，对组织之间的竞合关系进行了定性分析；在此基础上，建立了竞合关系下两个竞争的销售商间无协作的库存决策模型和有协作的库存决策模型，对模型进行了实例验证；针对利益分配的协调问题，提出了基于第三方支付的协调机制。
本文的研究成果丰富和完善了集群式供应链管理理论，有助于深化我国对产业集群发展机制的认识，促进产业集群整体竞争力的提升，具有重要的理论和现实意义。
With the rapid development of science and technology, great progress havetaken place in the cluster economy of China. The emergence of a number of flexibleSME clusters have promoted the local economic development. Within the industrialcluster, a large number of upstream and downstream enterprises aggregratedtogether and formed a number of supply chains. From the perspective of theindustrial cluster and supply chain coupling, cluster supply chain is formed whichprovides a new space for regional economic development and industrial upgrading.Cluster supply chain is becoming a key factor to sustain stable development ofindustrial clusters. A single supply chain can not suffer the impact of rapiddevelopment of domestic and foreign technology and the transfer of theinternational division of labor. Therefore, single supply chain must collaborate withother supply chains in the cluster. The symbiotic mechanism of cross-chaincollaboration in cluster supply chain must be estalished in order to enhance thecompetitiveness and expansion of the industrial clusters, which is the key factor ofrapid and sustainable development of industrial clusters in China. This subject is theforefront research topic of supply chain management.
Cross-chain collaboration in cluster supply chains is multi-chains collaborationon the perspective of the complex supply chain network. There are various complexissues in cross-chain collaboration because of the multilevel nature of the supplychain, the diversity of the complex. The collaborative process will be rendered byvarious uncertainties and different interests of the game players. Therefore, thispaper foucuss on these issues, defines the cross-chain collaboration paradigmconnotation, analyzes the organizational form of cross-chain collaboration forcluster supply chains, builds decision-making model of production and inventorycollaboration and its coordination mechanism. Cross-chain collaboration in clustersupply chains as the object of study has a very important significance in theory andpractice.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the formation and developmental path of the clustersupply chain, defines the concept of cross-cahin collaboration of the cluster supplychain; analyzes the organizational structure of the cluster supply chain. Based on thebasis of the cluster supply chain classification according to the geographical clusterthis paper proposes the cross-chain collaboration service platforms and theirestalishmental mode, managmental mode and profitability analysis.
Secondly, Coping with customers uncertain demand, the problem ofcross-chain production collaboration in the cluster supply chain is described; based on demand and production capacity sharing, decision-making models are builtincluding model of demand sharing and model of capacity of mode. The objective ofmodels are designed to maximize the cluster supply chain profits. A reasonableallocation agreement is designed and the greedy algorithm is used to solve the model.According to the demands and capabilities of the dynamic changes of cooperativeenterprises, service levels and total profits as the evaluation indicators to construct adecision model, dynamic coordination mechanism for the cluster supply chain areproposed base on the eavluation indicairos.
Thirdly, inventory decision-making models are reviewed, including the basiceconomic order quantity model and economic order quantity model considering thequantity discounts. Intergrating economic order quantity model with horizontalinventory collaboration, inventory coordination mechanism is proposed. Inventorycollaborative decision-making model is built to maxmize the profit of the clustersupply chain. the nature of the model is anlayzed and a search optimizationalgorithm is designed to solve the model.
Finally, co-opetition relationship is introdused in cross-chain collaboration.Qualitative analysis is conducted in organization co-opetition relationship; On thisbasis, inventory decision models with collaboration and withour collaborationbetween the two competing vendors are established. Tthe model is applicated in thecase study. To resolve issue of coordination of the distribution of benefits,coordination mechanism based on third-party payment is proposed.
This research enriches and improves the theory of cluster supply chainmanagement, which helps to deepen the understanding of the developmentalmechanism of the industrial clusters. This research promotes and enhances thecompetitiveness of overall industrial clusters, which has important theoretical andpractical significance.
集群式供应链跨间协作是以复杂网络式供应链为视角研究多链间的协作。由于协作的多层次性、复杂性，以及外部市场的多样性，协作过程会因多种不确定性和多种利益博弈必然会呈现各种复杂性问题。因此，深入研究并界定―跨链间协作‖范式中相关概念内涵，分析集群式供应链跨链间协作的组织形式，构建生产协作和库存协作的决策模型及其协调机制，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文在对国内外研究成果进行梳理和总结的基础上，分析集群式供应链跨链间协作的驱动力及其组织模式，运用决策优化理论、博弈论以及优化算法等方法，围绕集群式供应链链间生产协作和库存协作问题，对跨链间协作决策方法和协调机制进行了深入地研究。
首先，本文分析了集群式供应链的形成与演化发展路径，界定了集群式供应链跨链间协作的概念；分析了集群式供应链的组织结构，在此基础上对集群式供应链进行了分类；根据集群式供应链的地域—盟约关系结构，提出集群式供应链跨链间协作的服务平台建立方式，对服务平台的管理方式和盈利方式进行了分析。
其次，针对客户不确定需求，对集群式供应链跨链间生产协作问题进行了描述；根据客户需求和生产能力分享的需求和响应，建立基于需求和能力分享的决策模型，包括需求分享决策模型和能力分享决策模型，为实现集群式供应链利润的最大化，设计了合理的分配协议，运用贪婪算法对模型进行求解；根据协作企业需求和能力的动态变化，采用服务水平和总利润作为评价的指标，构建了决策模型，在此基础上提出了集群式供应链动态协作机制。
接着，概述了供应链库存决策模型，包括经济订购批量模型和考虑数量折扣的经济订购批量模型；将纵向的经济订购批量模型与横向的库存协作相结合，提出了库存协作机制，在此基础上，以利润最大化为目标，建立了集群式供应链库存协作决策模型，对模型的求解进行了性质分析，并提出了搜索优化算法来对模型进行求解。
最后，将竞合关系引入跨链间协作，对组织之间的竞合关系进行了定性分析；在此基础上，建立了竞合关系下两个竞争的销售商间无协作的库存决策模型和有协作的库存决策模型，对模型进行了实例验证；针对利益分配的协调问题，提出了基于第三方支付的协调机制。
本文的研究成果丰富和完善了集群式供应链管理理论，有助于深化我国对产业集群发展机制的认识，促进产业集群整体竞争力的提升，具有重要的理论和现实意义。
With the rapid development of science and technology, great progress havetaken place in the cluster economy of China. The emergence of a number of flexibleSME clusters have promoted the local economic development. Within the industrialcluster, a large number of upstream and downstream enterprises aggregratedtogether and formed a number of supply chains. From the perspective of theindustrial cluster and supply chain coupling, cluster supply chain is formed whichprovides a new space for regional economic development and industrial upgrading.Cluster supply chain is becoming a key factor to sustain stable development ofindustrial clusters. A single supply chain can not suffer the impact of rapiddevelopment of domestic and foreign technology and the transfer of theinternational division of labor. Therefore, single supply chain must collaborate withother supply chains in the cluster. The symbiotic mechanism of cross-chaincollaboration in cluster supply chain must be estalished in order to enhance thecompetitiveness and expansion of the industrial clusters, which is the key factor ofrapid and sustainable development of industrial clusters in China. This subject is theforefront research topic of supply chain management.
Cross-chain collaboration in cluster supply chains is multi-chains collaborationon the perspective of the complex supply chain network. There are various complexissues in cross-chain collaboration because of the multilevel nature of the supplychain, the diversity of the complex. The collaborative process will be rendered byvarious uncertainties and different interests of the game players. Therefore, thispaper foucuss on these issues, defines the cross-chain collaboration paradigmconnotation, analyzes the organizational form of cross-chain collaboration forcluster supply chains, builds decision-making model of production and inventorycollaboration and its coordination mechanism. Cross-chain collaboration in clustersupply chains as the object of study has a very important significance in theory andpractice.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the formation and developmental path of the clustersupply chain, defines the concept of cross-cahin collaboration of the cluster supplychain; analyzes the organizational structure of the cluster supply chain. Based on thebasis of the cluster supply chain classification according to the geographical clusterthis paper proposes the cross-chain collaboration service platforms and theirestalishmental mode, managmental mode and profitability analysis.
Secondly, Coping with customers uncertain demand, the problem ofcross-chain production collaboration in the cluster supply chain is described; based on demand and production capacity sharing, decision-making models are builtincluding model of demand sharing and model of capacity of mode. The objective ofmodels are designed to maximize the cluster supply chain profits. A reasonableallocation agreement is designed and the greedy algorithm is used to solve the model.According to the demands and capabilities of the dynamic changes of cooperativeenterprises, service levels and total profits as the evaluation indicators to construct adecision model, dynamic coordination mechanism for the cluster supply chain areproposed base on the eavluation indicairos.
Thirdly, inventory decision-making models are reviewed, including the basiceconomic order quantity model and economic order quantity model considering thequantity discounts. Intergrating economic order quantity model with horizontalinventory collaboration, inventory coordination mechanism is proposed. Inventorycollaborative decision-making model is built to maxmize the profit of the clustersupply chain. the nature of the model is anlayzed and a search optimizationalgorithm is designed to solve the model.
Finally, co-opetition relationship is introdused in cross-chain collaboration.Qualitative analysis is conducted in organization co-opetition relationship; On thisbasis, inventory decision models with collaboration and withour collaborationbetween the two competing vendors are established. Tthe model is applicated in thecase study. To resolve issue of coordination of the distribution of benefits,coordination mechanism based on third-party payment is proposed.
This research enriches and improves the theory of cluster supply chainmanagement, which helps to deepen the understanding of the developmentalmechanism of the industrial clusters. This research promotes and enhances thecompetitiveness of overall industrial clusters, which has important theoretical andpractical significance.
引文
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