基于重传和信道质量估计的蓝牙数据吞吐量改善方法研究
|
摘要
蓝牙技术作为短距离无线通信技术中的代表性技术，在生产生活中得到了广泛的应用。由于蓝牙技术以低功耗、小体积、便捷互联作为技术特色，其协议中定义的许多技术并不是最先进的，这就使得蓝牙在通信质量不好的情况下数据吞吐量受影响。因此，在蓝牙技术得到大规模应用的背景下，研究改善蓝牙数据吞吐量的方法是很有意义的。
本文从介绍蓝牙协议规范入手，详细讲述了蓝牙协议栈的各层要完成的功能，重点分析了基带层和L2CAP的数据传输机制。在此基础上，本文对现有的其他改进方法进行了总结，通过具体的实验验证，对各种方法的优劣进行了总结。针对于现有算法中存在的不足之处，本文在基带层和逻辑链路控制与适配层分别提出了改进策略。
在基带层，以不改变蓝牙协议为前提的分组自适应选择策略大都假设信道质量为已知量，但实际应用中该值并不是已知的。之前有相关文献提出了判断信道质量的方案，但本文通过分析发现该方法在估计信道质量时效率不高。本文针对这个问题，提出了一种基于SNR估计的分组自适应选择策略。蓝牙系统接收端通过对接收到的分组进行统计，利用M2M4方式估计信道的当前信噪比。根据信噪比值的大小，接收端可确定当前最适合信道传输的分组类型，并将该分组类型的信息写入L2CAP层的PDU中告知发送端，从而实现了分组的自适应选择。该策略可以实时的监督信道状态，使得收发双方一直使用最佳数据分组，从而取得较高的数据吞吐量。仿真结果证明，接收方只需要几个蓝牙基带层分组就可以估计出信道的信噪比，且估计误差在0.2dB内。
在逻辑链路控制与适配层，现有的回退N帧机制在信道质量较差的情况下会因重传过多的数据帧导致吞吐量下降，存在改进空间。在不改变蓝牙协议栈的前提下，可以在该层实现选择重传，能极大的提高数据吞吐量。但经分析发现，选择重传机制需要接收方有很大的缓存区并需要在数据帧中增加一个序号来对分段后的数据帧进行区分，因而给系统带来额外开销。本文针对这个问题，提出了一种动态传输窗口控制方法。通过对回退N帧重传机制的研究，推导了数据吞吐量的表达方式，证明了改变传输窗口可以带来数据吞吐量的提升，并给出了具体的传输窗口选取方法。仿真结果证明，改进后的回退N帧重传机制的吞吐量相对于蓝牙原来的重传机制有较大提升。相对于选择重传机制，该策略几乎不会对蓝牙系统带来额外的开销，因而更具有应用价值。
综上，本文在基带层和逻辑链路控制与适配层分别提出了一种策略来改进蓝牙系统的数据传输吞吐量。基带层通过更及时、更准确的判断信道质量来选择最佳传输分组，逻辑链路控制与适配层在几乎不增加系统额外开销的情况下对重传机制进行了改进，两种策略都未对蓝牙协议作出修改，因而在实际应用中不会受到限制。
As a typical short-range wireless communication specification, Bluetooth has beenwidely used in a big variety of fields. It has many advantages such as low power, smallsize and convenient to communicat with each other. A Bluethtooth system may performnot well enough in data throughput so even as to cause reduction of the throughput whencommunication quality is not very good. The leading reason of this matter is that theadvantages of Bluetooth mentioned above on the other hand constrain its throughput, ortechnology defined in the Bluetooth specification is not state-of-the-art. Obviously, it isimportant to explore some methodologies to improve throughput between two Bluetoothdevices in bad channel quality condition.
This paper firstly introduced the Bluetooth protocol specification, then discussed thefunction of each layer in the procotol stack in detail, especially the data transmissionmechanism in baseband layer and L2CAP layer. Other improvement methods in bothbaseband layer and L2CAP layer were also summarized in this paper. Simulationexperiment was done to illustrate the advantage and the drawbacks of each method aswell. According to the existing problems, the author gave out improvement strategy inboth baseband layer and L2CAP layer.
On baseband layer, adaptive packet selection strategy was a sort of approach whichdid not change the Bluetooth procotol stack. But this approach assumed that the channelquality was already known to the system which was in fact unknown in thecommunication of the two Bluetooth devices. Although some literature gave out methodsto change paceket type according to the retransmission times, but most of the researchhad low efficiency.
To solve this problem, an adaptive packet selection strategy based onSignal-to-Noise Radio (SNR) estimation was presented in this paper. The receiving sideof Bluetooth system used two-order and four-order moments estimation algorithm toestimate the channel quality, thus the receiver could know which packet type was the bestfor the channel and told this packet type to the transmitting side throuth PDUs in L2CAP layer. This strategy could supervise the channel quality in real-time. Simulation provedthat this strategy could control the estimation errors within0.2dB by using only a fewBluetooth baseband packets.
On L2CAP layer, the go-back-N ARQ mechanism could lead to throughputdropping attribute to a lot number of retransmission when the channel quality was not sogood. Selective repeat ARQ mechanism could greatly increase the throughput, but thisstrategy needed enormous buffer size in the receiver and added a sequence number todata frame to discriminate the frame because it might be segmented. So the Bluetoothdevice had to spend extra expense to achieve this strategy.
To solve this problem, a dynamic transmission window control method waspresented in this paper. The expression of Bluetooth’s data throuthput under go-back-Nmechanism was put forward, which proved that the change of the transmission windowdid have the function of improving the data throuthput. Furthermore, this expressioncould be used to determine the size of the transmission window. Simulation resultsproved that the throughput of advanced go-back-N ARQ mechanism had improvd datathroughput greater than the previous Bluetooth retransmission mechanism. Moreover,this strategy brought slightly expense to Bluetooth system compared with selective repeatARQ mechanism, so it had more application worth.
In summary, methods to improve the data throuthput of Bluetooth system arepresented in both baseband layer and L2CAP layer in this paper. The strategy inbaseband layer is proved to be more efficiency and more accurate than existing methods.The strategy in L2CAP layer can improve the data throughput with little expense addedto the system. Both strategies make no change to the Bluetooth procotol stack, so theyare not restricted to be used to applications.
本文从介绍蓝牙协议规范入手，详细讲述了蓝牙协议栈的各层要完成的功能，重点分析了基带层和L2CAP的数据传输机制。在此基础上，本文对现有的其他改进方法进行了总结，通过具体的实验验证，对各种方法的优劣进行了总结。针对于现有算法中存在的不足之处，本文在基带层和逻辑链路控制与适配层分别提出了改进策略。
在基带层，以不改变蓝牙协议为前提的分组自适应选择策略大都假设信道质量为已知量，但实际应用中该值并不是已知的。之前有相关文献提出了判断信道质量的方案，但本文通过分析发现该方法在估计信道质量时效率不高。本文针对这个问题，提出了一种基于SNR估计的分组自适应选择策略。蓝牙系统接收端通过对接收到的分组进行统计，利用M2M4方式估计信道的当前信噪比。根据信噪比值的大小，接收端可确定当前最适合信道传输的分组类型，并将该分组类型的信息写入L2CAP层的PDU中告知发送端，从而实现了分组的自适应选择。该策略可以实时的监督信道状态，使得收发双方一直使用最佳数据分组，从而取得较高的数据吞吐量。仿真结果证明，接收方只需要几个蓝牙基带层分组就可以估计出信道的信噪比，且估计误差在0.2dB内。
在逻辑链路控制与适配层，现有的回退N帧机制在信道质量较差的情况下会因重传过多的数据帧导致吞吐量下降，存在改进空间。在不改变蓝牙协议栈的前提下，可以在该层实现选择重传，能极大的提高数据吞吐量。但经分析发现，选择重传机制需要接收方有很大的缓存区并需要在数据帧中增加一个序号来对分段后的数据帧进行区分，因而给系统带来额外开销。本文针对这个问题，提出了一种动态传输窗口控制方法。通过对回退N帧重传机制的研究，推导了数据吞吐量的表达方式，证明了改变传输窗口可以带来数据吞吐量的提升，并给出了具体的传输窗口选取方法。仿真结果证明，改进后的回退N帧重传机制的吞吐量相对于蓝牙原来的重传机制有较大提升。相对于选择重传机制，该策略几乎不会对蓝牙系统带来额外的开销，因而更具有应用价值。
综上，本文在基带层和逻辑链路控制与适配层分别提出了一种策略来改进蓝牙系统的数据传输吞吐量。基带层通过更及时、更准确的判断信道质量来选择最佳传输分组，逻辑链路控制与适配层在几乎不增加系统额外开销的情况下对重传机制进行了改进，两种策略都未对蓝牙协议作出修改，因而在实际应用中不会受到限制。
As a typical short-range wireless communication specification, Bluetooth has beenwidely used in a big variety of fields. It has many advantages such as low power, smallsize and convenient to communicat with each other. A Bluethtooth system may performnot well enough in data throughput so even as to cause reduction of the throughput whencommunication quality is not very good. The leading reason of this matter is that theadvantages of Bluetooth mentioned above on the other hand constrain its throughput, ortechnology defined in the Bluetooth specification is not state-of-the-art. Obviously, it isimportant to explore some methodologies to improve throughput between two Bluetoothdevices in bad channel quality condition.
This paper firstly introduced the Bluetooth protocol specification, then discussed thefunction of each layer in the procotol stack in detail, especially the data transmissionmechanism in baseband layer and L2CAP layer. Other improvement methods in bothbaseband layer and L2CAP layer were also summarized in this paper. Simulationexperiment was done to illustrate the advantage and the drawbacks of each method aswell. According to the existing problems, the author gave out improvement strategy inboth baseband layer and L2CAP layer.
On baseband layer, adaptive packet selection strategy was a sort of approach whichdid not change the Bluetooth procotol stack. But this approach assumed that the channelquality was already known to the system which was in fact unknown in thecommunication of the two Bluetooth devices. Although some literature gave out methodsto change paceket type according to the retransmission times, but most of the researchhad low efficiency.
To solve this problem, an adaptive packet selection strategy based onSignal-to-Noise Radio (SNR) estimation was presented in this paper. The receiving sideof Bluetooth system used two-order and four-order moments estimation algorithm toestimate the channel quality, thus the receiver could know which packet type was the bestfor the channel and told this packet type to the transmitting side throuth PDUs in L2CAP layer. This strategy could supervise the channel quality in real-time. Simulation provedthat this strategy could control the estimation errors within0.2dB by using only a fewBluetooth baseband packets.
On L2CAP layer, the go-back-N ARQ mechanism could lead to throughputdropping attribute to a lot number of retransmission when the channel quality was not sogood. Selective repeat ARQ mechanism could greatly increase the throughput, but thisstrategy needed enormous buffer size in the receiver and added a sequence number todata frame to discriminate the frame because it might be segmented. So the Bluetoothdevice had to spend extra expense to achieve this strategy.
To solve this problem, a dynamic transmission window control method waspresented in this paper. The expression of Bluetooth’s data throuthput under go-back-Nmechanism was put forward, which proved that the change of the transmission windowdid have the function of improving the data throuthput. Furthermore, this expressioncould be used to determine the size of the transmission window. Simulation resultsproved that the throughput of advanced go-back-N ARQ mechanism had improvd datathroughput greater than the previous Bluetooth retransmission mechanism. Moreover,this strategy brought slightly expense to Bluetooth system compared with selective repeatARQ mechanism, so it had more application worth.
In summary, methods to improve the data throuthput of Bluetooth system arepresented in both baseband layer and L2CAP layer in this paper. The strategy inbaseband layer is proved to be more efficiency and more accurate than existing methods.The strategy in L2CAP layer can improve the data throughput with little expense addedto the system. Both strategies make no change to the Bluetooth procotol stack, so theyare not restricted to be used to applications.
引文
[1]钱志鸿,杨帆,周求湛.蓝牙技术原理开发与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[2]马建仓.蓝牙核心技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[3]金纯,许光辰,孙睿.蓝牙技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[4] Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version4.0[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,Dev,2009.
[5]李娅菲,朱煊璋.基于蓝牙技术的智能家居远程控制的研究[J].商务办公,2010,11(193):20,21.
[6] YosukeTajika,Takeshi Saito,Keiiehi Teramoto,Naohisa Oosaka, Masao Isshiki.Networked home appliance system using Bluetooth technology integrating appliancecontrol/monitoring with Internet service[J]. IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElectronics,2003,49(4):1043-1048.
[7] Hiroshi Kanma, Noboru Wakabayashi, Ritsuko Kanazawa, Hiromichi Ito. Homeappliance control system over Bluetooth with a cellular phone[J]. IEEE Transactionson Consumer Electronics,2003,49(4):1049-1053.
[8] Huanbing Gao,Liyan Yuan,Tao Wang.The famlily safety monitoring system based onethernet and bluetooth[C].Proeeedings of the8th World Congress on IntelligentControl and Automation,Jinan,July7-9,2010,4281-4285.
[9] Ying Zhang,Hannan Xiao.Bluetooth-Based Sensor Networks for RemotelyMonitoring the Physiological Signals of a Patient[J]. IEEE Transactions onInformation Technology in Biomedicine,2009,13(6):1040-1048.
[10]Seung-Hwan Lee,Yong-Hwan Lee.Adaptive Frequency Hopping for BluetoothRobust to WLAN Interference[J]. IEEE Communications Lerrers,2009,13(9):628-630.
[11]Anil Mathew, Nithin Chandrababu, Khaled Elleithy, Syed Rizvi. IEEE802.11&Bluetooth Interference:Simulation and Coexistence[C]. Seventh AnnualCommunication Networks and Services Research Conference, Moncton, NB, May11-13,2009,217-223.
[12]Junjie Chen,Jianqiu Zeng,Yuchen Zhou.A Mathematical Model of lnterferencebetween RFID and Bluetooth in Fading Channel[C].International Conference onComputer Engineering and Technology,Jan.22-24,2009,218-222.
[13]Abhishek Das,Abhishek Ghose,Ashu Razdan,etal.Enhancing performance ofasynchronous data traffic over the Bluetooth wireless ad-hoc network[A].TwentiethAnnual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies[C].Anchorage:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2001:591-600.
[14]Wensheng Zhang, Hao Zhu and Guohong Cao. Improving Bluetooth networkperformance through a time-slot leasing approach[A].2002IEEE WirelessCommunications and Networking Conference[C]. Orlando: Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Inc.,2002:592-596.
[15]Jelena,Vojislav.Bridges of Bluetooth county:topologies,scheduling,and performan-ce[J]. SELEC-TED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS,2003,21(2):240-258.
[16]Howitt,I.Bluetooth performance in the presence of802.11b WLAN[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2002,51(6):1640-1651.
[17]Ivan Howitt.Mutual interference between independent Bluetooth piconets[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2003,52(3):708-718.
[18]张超,庄奕琪,李振荣等.基于蓝牙的WPAN吞吐量研究及改进[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2011,38(2):54-60.
[19]张超,庄奕琪,李振荣等.基于AES跳频算法的蓝牙WPAN网络数据传输性能[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2010,40(2):576-580.
[20]张超,庄奕琪,李振荣等.应用Safer+算法的蓝牙WPAN网络数据传输性能仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(4):1010-1013.
[21]徐飞,庄亦琪,郭锋.BCH编码对蓝牙数据传输性能改善的分析与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(23):5549-5552.
[22]牛玉峰,庄奕琪,许飞.交织和BCH编码对蓝牙2.0数据传输性能的改善[J].电子科技大学学报,2010,39(2):204-208.
[23]张超,庄奕琪,徐飞.改善蓝牙匹克网数据传输的MSK方法[J].计算机科学,2009,36(9):86-109.
[24]郭锋,庄奕琪.基于SAR策略提高蓝牙散射网吞吐量[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(16):149-151.
[25]Yang Hua,Yuexian Zou.Analysis of the packet transferring in L2CAP layer ofBluetooth v2.x+EDR[A].2008IEEE International Conference on Information andAutomation[C]. Zhangjiajie:Inst.of Elec. and Elec.Eng. Computer Society,2008:753-758.
[26]M.C.Valenti,M.Robert,J.H.Reed.On the throughput of Bluetooth data transmissi-on[A].2002IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference[C].Orlando:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2002:119-123.
[27]R.Razavi,M.Fleury,M.Ghanbari.Fuzzy Logic Control of Adaptive ARQ for VideoDistribution over a Bluetooth Wireless Link[J].Advances in Multi-media,2007,2007(1):1-12.
[28]Cyril S.K,Leung,Albert Lam.Forward Error Correction for an ARQ Scheme[J].IEEETransactions on communications,1981,29(10):1514-1519.
[29]Stranne A,Edfors O,Molin B A.Throughput Dependence on Packet Length inBluetooth Network[A].Radiovetenskap och kommunikation,Nordic Conference onRadio Science and Communications RVK05[C].Linkoping:Hindawi,2005:14-16.
[30]Chen L Jyh,Kapoor R,Sanadidi M Y,et al.Enhancing Bluetooth TCP Throughput ViaLink Layer Packet Adaptation[A].2004IEEE International Conference onCommunications[C].Paris: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2004:4012-4016.
[31]Sarkar S,Anjum F,Guha R.Optimal communication in Bluetooth piconets[J].IEEETransaction of Vehicular Technology,2005,54(2):709-721.
[32]Ki Won Sung and Chae Y.Lee. Determination of the Multi-slot Transmission inBluetooth Systems with the Estimation of the Channel Error Probability[J].WirelessCommunieations and Mobile Computing,2006(6):61-68.
[33]M.C.Ju. H.Park,D.K.Hong,K.J.Youn and J.W.Cho.Packet selection scheme based ona channel quality estimation for Bluetooth systems[C]. Wireless PersonalMultimedia Conununieations,2002(l):228-231.
[34]Jung-Ho Yoon,Seung-Bum Lee,Sin-Chong Park.Packet and modulation typeselection scheme based on channel quality estimation for Bluetooth evolutionsystems[C]. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE,2004(2):1014-1017.
[35]Jesung Kim,Yujin Lim.An adaptive segmentation scheme for the Bluetooth-basedwireless channel[J].Computer Communications and Networks,2001:440-445.
[36]杨帆,王坷,钱志鸿.基于信噪比的蓝牙自适应分组选择算法[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2006,36(1):103-107.
[37]杨帆,王珂,钱志鸿.蓝牙分组传输性能分析与自适应分组选择策略[J].通信学报,2005,26(9):97-102.
[38]P.Huang,A.C.Boucouvalas.Delay Analysis for Bluetooth Baseband ACL Packe-ts[J].Symp.Convergence of Telecommunications,Networking and Broadcasting,2005:396-401.
[39]王红园.蓝牙技术在车载信息系统中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[40]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version1.1[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,1999.
[41]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version1.2[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,2003.
[42]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version2.0EDR[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,2004.
[43]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version2.1EDR[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,2007.
[44]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version3.0+HS[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,Apr,2009.
[45]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version4.0[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,Dev,2009.
[46]张绿林、雷春鹃、郎晓虹编著.蓝牙协议及其实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[47]姜炜军.基于蓝牙技术的智能停车场管理系统的设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[48]Khaled Morsi,XiongHuagang,GaoQiang. Performance estimation and evaluation ofBluetooth frequency hopping selection kernel[C].Pervasive Computing(JCPC),Tamsui, TaiPei, Dee.3-5,2009,461-466.
[49]赵东升,卢锡城,周兴铭.FEC和ARQ技术在可靠点—多点传输中的传输代价分析比较[J].通信学报,1999,12(20):363-367.
[50]李冰.基于重传的蓝牙ACL链路传输性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[51]梁钊.蓝牙的差错控制编码技术[J].桂林电子工业学院学报,2001,21(3):1-5.
[52]梅文华,杨义先.跳频通信地址编码理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996.
[53]J Proakis.Digital Communications[M].fourth ed.,New York,NY: McGrawHill,Inc.,2001.
[54]C Miller,J Lee.BER expressions for differentially detected π/4-DQPSK modul-ation[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,(S0090-6778),1998,46(1):71-81.
[55]J.H.Kleinschmidt,M.E.Pellenz,and E.Jamhour.Evaluating and improving Bluetoothpiconet performance over Nakagami-m fading channels[A],Ninth InternationalSymposium on Computers and Communications[C],2004:639-644.
[56]王雪,钱志鸿,李冰等.蓝牙自适应分组选择策略与选择重传算法研究[J].通信学报,2011,32(1):151-158.
[57]Pauluzzi,D.R.,Beaulieu,A comparison of SNR estimation techniques for the AWGNchannel.Communications IEEE Transactions,Vol.48,NO.10,Oct.2000:1681-1691.
[58]邱天爽,张旭秀,李小兵,孙永梅.统计信号处理——非高斯信号处理及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[59]Benedict T.R, Soong T T. The joint estimation of signal and noise from the sumenvelope[J]. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory.1967,(13):447-454.
[60]Matzner R. An SNR estimation algorithm for complex baseband signals using higherorder statistics[J]. Facta Unibersitatis (Nis),1993,(6):41-52.
[61]Guangliang Ren,Yulin Chang,Hui Zhang.A new SNR’s estimator for QPSKModulations in an AWGN channel.Circuits and Systems II:Express Briefs,IEEETransactions,June2005,on VOI.52,Issue6:336-338
[62]Koen De Turek,Sabine Wittevrongel.Delay Analysis of the Go-Back-N ARQProtocol over a Time-varying Channel[C].Formal Techniques for Computer Systemsand Business Processes,2005.11:124-138.
[63]Annamalai,A.Bhargava,V.K.Lu.An Adaptive Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol forVariable-Error-Rate Channels[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1998,46(11):1405-1408.
[64]Yu-Dong Yao.An Effective Go-Back-N ARQ Scheme for Variable-Error-RateChannels[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1995,43(l):20-23.
[2]马建仓.蓝牙核心技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[3]金纯,许光辰,孙睿.蓝牙技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[4] Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version4.0[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,Dev,2009.
[5]李娅菲,朱煊璋.基于蓝牙技术的智能家居远程控制的研究[J].商务办公,2010,11(193):20,21.
[6] YosukeTajika,Takeshi Saito,Keiiehi Teramoto,Naohisa Oosaka, Masao Isshiki.Networked home appliance system using Bluetooth technology integrating appliancecontrol/monitoring with Internet service[J]. IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElectronics,2003,49(4):1043-1048.
[7] Hiroshi Kanma, Noboru Wakabayashi, Ritsuko Kanazawa, Hiromichi Ito. Homeappliance control system over Bluetooth with a cellular phone[J]. IEEE Transactionson Consumer Electronics,2003,49(4):1049-1053.
[8] Huanbing Gao,Liyan Yuan,Tao Wang.The famlily safety monitoring system based onethernet and bluetooth[C].Proeeedings of the8th World Congress on IntelligentControl and Automation,Jinan,July7-9,2010,4281-4285.
[9] Ying Zhang,Hannan Xiao.Bluetooth-Based Sensor Networks for RemotelyMonitoring the Physiological Signals of a Patient[J]. IEEE Transactions onInformation Technology in Biomedicine,2009,13(6):1040-1048.
[10]Seung-Hwan Lee,Yong-Hwan Lee.Adaptive Frequency Hopping for BluetoothRobust to WLAN Interference[J]. IEEE Communications Lerrers,2009,13(9):628-630.
[11]Anil Mathew, Nithin Chandrababu, Khaled Elleithy, Syed Rizvi. IEEE802.11&Bluetooth Interference:Simulation and Coexistence[C]. Seventh AnnualCommunication Networks and Services Research Conference, Moncton, NB, May11-13,2009,217-223.
[12]Junjie Chen,Jianqiu Zeng,Yuchen Zhou.A Mathematical Model of lnterferencebetween RFID and Bluetooth in Fading Channel[C].International Conference onComputer Engineering and Technology,Jan.22-24,2009,218-222.
[13]Abhishek Das,Abhishek Ghose,Ashu Razdan,etal.Enhancing performance ofasynchronous data traffic over the Bluetooth wireless ad-hoc network[A].TwentiethAnnual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies[C].Anchorage:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2001:591-600.
[14]Wensheng Zhang, Hao Zhu and Guohong Cao. Improving Bluetooth networkperformance through a time-slot leasing approach[A].2002IEEE WirelessCommunications and Networking Conference[C]. Orlando: Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers Inc.,2002:592-596.
[15]Jelena,Vojislav.Bridges of Bluetooth county:topologies,scheduling,and performan-ce[J]. SELEC-TED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS,2003,21(2):240-258.
[16]Howitt,I.Bluetooth performance in the presence of802.11b WLAN[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2002,51(6):1640-1651.
[17]Ivan Howitt.Mutual interference between independent Bluetooth piconets[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2003,52(3):708-718.
[18]张超,庄奕琪,李振荣等.基于蓝牙的WPAN吞吐量研究及改进[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2011,38(2):54-60.
[19]张超,庄奕琪,李振荣等.基于AES跳频算法的蓝牙WPAN网络数据传输性能[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2010,40(2):576-580.
[20]张超,庄奕琪,李振荣等.应用Safer+算法的蓝牙WPAN网络数据传输性能仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(4):1010-1013.
[21]徐飞,庄亦琪,郭锋.BCH编码对蓝牙数据传输性能改善的分析与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(23):5549-5552.
[22]牛玉峰,庄奕琪,许飞.交织和BCH编码对蓝牙2.0数据传输性能的改善[J].电子科技大学学报,2010,39(2):204-208.
[23]张超,庄奕琪,徐飞.改善蓝牙匹克网数据传输的MSK方法[J].计算机科学,2009,36(9):86-109.
[24]郭锋,庄奕琪.基于SAR策略提高蓝牙散射网吞吐量[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(16):149-151.
[25]Yang Hua,Yuexian Zou.Analysis of the packet transferring in L2CAP layer ofBluetooth v2.x+EDR[A].2008IEEE International Conference on Information andAutomation[C]. Zhangjiajie:Inst.of Elec. and Elec.Eng. Computer Society,2008:753-758.
[26]M.C.Valenti,M.Robert,J.H.Reed.On the throughput of Bluetooth data transmissi-on[A].2002IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference[C].Orlando:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2002:119-123.
[27]R.Razavi,M.Fleury,M.Ghanbari.Fuzzy Logic Control of Adaptive ARQ for VideoDistribution over a Bluetooth Wireless Link[J].Advances in Multi-media,2007,2007(1):1-12.
[28]Cyril S.K,Leung,Albert Lam.Forward Error Correction for an ARQ Scheme[J].IEEETransactions on communications,1981,29(10):1514-1519.
[29]Stranne A,Edfors O,Molin B A.Throughput Dependence on Packet Length inBluetooth Network[A].Radiovetenskap och kommunikation,Nordic Conference onRadio Science and Communications RVK05[C].Linkoping:Hindawi,2005:14-16.
[30]Chen L Jyh,Kapoor R,Sanadidi M Y,et al.Enhancing Bluetooth TCP Throughput ViaLink Layer Packet Adaptation[A].2004IEEE International Conference onCommunications[C].Paris: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2004:4012-4016.
[31]Sarkar S,Anjum F,Guha R.Optimal communication in Bluetooth piconets[J].IEEETransaction of Vehicular Technology,2005,54(2):709-721.
[32]Ki Won Sung and Chae Y.Lee. Determination of the Multi-slot Transmission inBluetooth Systems with the Estimation of the Channel Error Probability[J].WirelessCommunieations and Mobile Computing,2006(6):61-68.
[33]M.C.Ju. H.Park,D.K.Hong,K.J.Youn and J.W.Cho.Packet selection scheme based ona channel quality estimation for Bluetooth systems[C]. Wireless PersonalMultimedia Conununieations,2002(l):228-231.
[34]Jung-Ho Yoon,Seung-Bum Lee,Sin-Chong Park.Packet and modulation typeselection scheme based on channel quality estimation for Bluetooth evolutionsystems[C]. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE,2004(2):1014-1017.
[35]Jesung Kim,Yujin Lim.An adaptive segmentation scheme for the Bluetooth-basedwireless channel[J].Computer Communications and Networks,2001:440-445.
[36]杨帆,王坷,钱志鸿.基于信噪比的蓝牙自适应分组选择算法[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2006,36(1):103-107.
[37]杨帆,王珂,钱志鸿.蓝牙分组传输性能分析与自适应分组选择策略[J].通信学报,2005,26(9):97-102.
[38]P.Huang,A.C.Boucouvalas.Delay Analysis for Bluetooth Baseband ACL Packe-ts[J].Symp.Convergence of Telecommunications,Networking and Broadcasting,2005:396-401.
[39]王红园.蓝牙技术在车载信息系统中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[40]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version1.1[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,1999.
[41]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version1.2[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,2003.
[42]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version2.0EDR[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,2004.
[43]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version2.1EDR[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,2007.
[44]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version3.0+HS[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,Apr,2009.
[45]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Version4.0[EB/OL].http://www.bluetooth.org,Dev,2009.
[46]张绿林、雷春鹃、郎晓虹编著.蓝牙协议及其实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[47]姜炜军.基于蓝牙技术的智能停车场管理系统的设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[48]Khaled Morsi,XiongHuagang,GaoQiang. Performance estimation and evaluation ofBluetooth frequency hopping selection kernel[C].Pervasive Computing(JCPC),Tamsui, TaiPei, Dee.3-5,2009,461-466.
[49]赵东升,卢锡城,周兴铭.FEC和ARQ技术在可靠点—多点传输中的传输代价分析比较[J].通信学报,1999,12(20):363-367.
[50]李冰.基于重传的蓝牙ACL链路传输性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[51]梁钊.蓝牙的差错控制编码技术[J].桂林电子工业学院学报,2001,21(3):1-5.
[52]梅文华,杨义先.跳频通信地址编码理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996.
[53]J Proakis.Digital Communications[M].fourth ed.,New York,NY: McGrawHill,Inc.,2001.
[54]C Miller,J Lee.BER expressions for differentially detected π/4-DQPSK modul-ation[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,(S0090-6778),1998,46(1):71-81.
[55]J.H.Kleinschmidt,M.E.Pellenz,and E.Jamhour.Evaluating and improving Bluetoothpiconet performance over Nakagami-m fading channels[A],Ninth InternationalSymposium on Computers and Communications[C],2004:639-644.
[56]王雪,钱志鸿,李冰等.蓝牙自适应分组选择策略与选择重传算法研究[J].通信学报,2011,32(1):151-158.
[57]Pauluzzi,D.R.,Beaulieu,A comparison of SNR estimation techniques for the AWGNchannel.Communications IEEE Transactions,Vol.48,NO.10,Oct.2000:1681-1691.
[58]邱天爽,张旭秀,李小兵,孙永梅.统计信号处理——非高斯信号处理及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[59]Benedict T.R, Soong T T. The joint estimation of signal and noise from the sumenvelope[J]. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory.1967,(13):447-454.
[60]Matzner R. An SNR estimation algorithm for complex baseband signals using higherorder statistics[J]. Facta Unibersitatis (Nis),1993,(6):41-52.
[61]Guangliang Ren,Yulin Chang,Hui Zhang.A new SNR’s estimator for QPSKModulations in an AWGN channel.Circuits and Systems II:Express Briefs,IEEETransactions,June2005,on VOI.52,Issue6:336-338
[62]Koen De Turek,Sabine Wittevrongel.Delay Analysis of the Go-Back-N ARQProtocol over a Time-varying Channel[C].Formal Techniques for Computer Systemsand Business Processes,2005.11:124-138.
[63]Annamalai,A.Bhargava,V.K.Lu.An Adaptive Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol forVariable-Error-Rate Channels[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1998,46(11):1405-1408.
[64]Yu-Dong Yao.An Effective Go-Back-N ARQ Scheme for Variable-Error-RateChannels[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1995,43(l):20-23.