突发自然灾害事件电视现场报道研究
|
摘要
目前,突发自然灾害事件的高频次、大规模的呈现已渐渐成为媒体经常面对的话题。如何搞好突发自然灾害报道,也成为各类媒体激烈竞争之下能否赢得市场份额的制胜“法宝”。声画合一、视听双通的电视媒体无疑在各种介质的媒体中最具影响力。在突发事件的报道上,电视媒体现场报道具有强烈的现场感、强大的冲击力、丰富的信息量等优势,能最大限度地满足受众对信息的需求。
本文以电视新闻学、传播学、社会学、舆论学等多学科的基本原理和理论成果为理论支撑,对突发自然灾害电视现场报道的发展历程、传播特色、不足之处及创新方面进行了较为系统的论述。
本文首先简要叙述了突发自然灾害的特征和影响以及电视现场报道的特征及优势。其次,本文重点对我国突发自然灾害电视现场报道的运作模式和特征进行探究,并在此基础上指出了我国突发自然灾害事件电视现场报道存在的一些不足,比如某些电视新闻报道的不合时宜、电视现场画面缺乏美感、报道内容鲜有深度、报道过程中缺乏人性关怀等问题。
针对突发自然灾害事件电视媒体在实际操作中存在的缺失,本文从传播艺术、记者素质、人文关怀、报道时机、应急机制等方面,提出了可供借鉴的改进思路与方法:强化审美意识,讲究传播艺术;提高记者素质,提升报道品质;恪守职业道德,注重人文关怀;把握报道时机,规避禁区、“雷区”;健全应急机制,控制话语主权。
本文主要是以中央电视台、东方卫视、四川卫视在汶川地震中的特别报道和湖南卫视在南方冰灾中的特别报道为主要研究案例进行剖析,重在借鉴。以期对学界、业界研究突发自然灾害事件电视现场报道有所启示。
At present, the abrupt natural disasters in high-frequency and large-scale always happen, which TV media often face . How to report the abrupt natural disaster events in a proper and prompt way has become the "trump" to win in the fierce competition for all kinds of media. Undoubtedly, among all the media, the TV media which have the syncretism of sound and picture and the bi-pass of the hearing and vision, are the most influential. On the reporting of the abrupt natural disasters, TV media’s on-spot reporting have many superiorities, such as a strong sense of the scene, a intense impact force and a rich amount of information and so on, which is be able to satisfy the information needs of the audience as possible as they can.
On the basis of Television Journalism、communicology、Sociology、Public Opinion and other basic principles and theories,this paper systematically discourses the development history、communication features、inadequacy and innovations of the TV on-spot reporting of the abrupt natural disasters.
This article begins with a brief description of the characteristics and affections of abrupt natural disasters, and the characteristics and advantages of the TV live coverage. Second, it has researched intensively on operating Model and features of the TV reporting about the abrupt natural disasters. And on that basis, the article points out there are some shortages on the TV reporting about the abrupt natural disasters, such as ignorant of what is proper at the time,the lack of beauty in live pictures in television, the lack of deepness in the coverage, the lack of human-caring in the report and so on.
At last, in order to enhance the TV live reporting about the abrupt natural disasters, this paper comes up with some practical and feasible ways in communication arts、reporter quality、reporting time and contingency handling mechanism, etc. Such as Strengthen the aesthetic sense and pay attention to communication arts; Improve the quality of journalists to improve the quality of reports; Abide by the professional ethics and focus on humane concern; seize the opportunity to report and avoid restricted areas and minefield; sanity the contingency handling mechanism and control the discourse of sovereignty.
Mainly, this paper makes a research on the case study of particular programs and detailed reports in the WenChuan earthquake by the CCTV , DRAGON TV and SICHUAN TV and snow disaster by the HUNAN TV. And I hope they can provide some revelations for the circles of academic and practice.
本文以电视新闻学、传播学、社会学、舆论学等多学科的基本原理和理论成果为理论支撑,对突发自然灾害电视现场报道的发展历程、传播特色、不足之处及创新方面进行了较为系统的论述。
本文首先简要叙述了突发自然灾害的特征和影响以及电视现场报道的特征及优势。其次,本文重点对我国突发自然灾害电视现场报道的运作模式和特征进行探究,并在此基础上指出了我国突发自然灾害事件电视现场报道存在的一些不足,比如某些电视新闻报道的不合时宜、电视现场画面缺乏美感、报道内容鲜有深度、报道过程中缺乏人性关怀等问题。
针对突发自然灾害事件电视媒体在实际操作中存在的缺失,本文从传播艺术、记者素质、人文关怀、报道时机、应急机制等方面,提出了可供借鉴的改进思路与方法:强化审美意识,讲究传播艺术;提高记者素质,提升报道品质;恪守职业道德,注重人文关怀;把握报道时机,规避禁区、“雷区”;健全应急机制,控制话语主权。
本文主要是以中央电视台、东方卫视、四川卫视在汶川地震中的特别报道和湖南卫视在南方冰灾中的特别报道为主要研究案例进行剖析,重在借鉴。以期对学界、业界研究突发自然灾害事件电视现场报道有所启示。
At present, the abrupt natural disasters in high-frequency and large-scale always happen, which TV media often face . How to report the abrupt natural disaster events in a proper and prompt way has become the "trump" to win in the fierce competition for all kinds of media. Undoubtedly, among all the media, the TV media which have the syncretism of sound and picture and the bi-pass of the hearing and vision, are the most influential. On the reporting of the abrupt natural disasters, TV media’s on-spot reporting have many superiorities, such as a strong sense of the scene, a intense impact force and a rich amount of information and so on, which is be able to satisfy the information needs of the audience as possible as they can.
On the basis of Television Journalism、communicology、Sociology、Public Opinion and other basic principles and theories,this paper systematically discourses the development history、communication features、inadequacy and innovations of the TV on-spot reporting of the abrupt natural disasters.
This article begins with a brief description of the characteristics and affections of abrupt natural disasters, and the characteristics and advantages of the TV live coverage. Second, it has researched intensively on operating Model and features of the TV reporting about the abrupt natural disasters. And on that basis, the article points out there are some shortages on the TV reporting about the abrupt natural disasters, such as ignorant of what is proper at the time,the lack of beauty in live pictures in television, the lack of deepness in the coverage, the lack of human-caring in the report and so on.
At last, in order to enhance the TV live reporting about the abrupt natural disasters, this paper comes up with some practical and feasible ways in communication arts、reporter quality、reporting time and contingency handling mechanism, etc. Such as Strengthen the aesthetic sense and pay attention to communication arts; Improve the quality of journalists to improve the quality of reports; Abide by the professional ethics and focus on humane concern; seize the opportunity to report and avoid restricted areas and minefield; sanity the contingency handling mechanism and control the discourse of sovereignty.
Mainly, this paper makes a research on the case study of particular programs and detailed reports in the WenChuan earthquake by the CCTV , DRAGON TV and SICHUAN TV and snow disaster by the HUNAN TV. And I hope they can provide some revelations for the circles of academic and practice.
引文
①陈建云,陈颖.一次反思自我引发改革的机会[J].新闻记者,2003(6):30-31
①郭庆光.传播学教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999(10):214
②赵士林.突发事件与媒体报道[]M.复旦大学出版社,2006(3):99
①陈秀敏.汶川抗震救灾电视报道的速度、深度与广度[J].对外传播,2008(6):50-51
①唐远清.汶川地震报道中的新闻伦理反思[J].当代传播,2008(4):47-48
①张晶,郎爽.试论灾难新闻报道中的审美愉悦性[J].现代传播,2003(4):31-33
②徐鹏.新闻报道如何避免悲情误区[J].传媒观察,2008(10):30-31
①唐弦,朱费伽.论灾难报道中情感与理性的平衡表达[J].现代视听,2008(12):41-43
①张国栋.灾难报道中的人本价值[J].青年记者,2009(2):29-30
①孙玉胜.十年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].上海:生活读书新知三联书店,2003(8):305
②林晓东.提高舆论引导能力应注意把握报道时机[J].新闻实践,2007(3):22-23
[1]郭庆光.传播学教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999(11)
[2]范以.论突发事件传媒视角选择[M].北京:军事科学出版社,2005(3)
[3]宋晓阳.出境记者现场报道指南[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2008(1)
[4]叶子.电视新闻学[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2005(3)
[5]韩彪.现场直播——新闻改革的标尺[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2007(1)
[6]赵玉明、王福顺.广播电视辞典[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,1999(10)
[7]刘东华.当代电视报道理念与技巧[M].北京:新华出版社出版,2004(8)
[8]沈忱.中国电视新闻现场直播——导演手记[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2004(1)
[9]贺文发.突发事件与对外报道[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2008(2)
[10]朱金平.论突发事件报道[M].武汉:长江出版社,2004(12)
[11]吴宜蓁.危机传播[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,2005(3)
[12]孙玉胜.十年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2003(8)
[13]史之.CCTV现场直播巴格达[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1998(4)
[14]邹建华.突发事件舆论引导策略[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2009(3)
[15]赵士林.突发事件与媒体报道[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2006(3)
[16]Crisis marketing:a comparison across economic scenarios International Business Review.2001
[17]Simon Moore. Disasters future: The prospects for corporate crisis management and communication.Business Horizons.2004.
[18]David A .Guth.Organizational Crisis Experience and Public Relations Roles.Public Relations Review,1995.
[19] Charles,Michael T.The World of Crisis and Crisis Management. 1989.
[20]Robert heath: Crisis Management For Managers and Executives.2004.
[21]Barbara Adam.Ulrich Beck and Joost Van Loon,The Risk Society and Beyond,Critical Issues for Society Theory[M].London:SAGE Publications,2000
[22]T.C Pachant,Crisis Management and Narcissism:A Kohutian Perspective Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Business Administration. University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA.1988
[1]井春野.从南方雪灾事件看媒体在突发事件报道中的责任缺失[J].新闻知识,2008(3)
[2]周小雍.从汶川地震看突发事件议程设置特点[J].新闻知识,2008(6)
[3]孙发友.从“人本位”到“事本位”——我国灾害报道观念变化分析[J].现代传播,2001(2)
[4]徐瑞.论近年来主流媒体对突发事件报道的改进与创新[J].湖北社会科学,2006(3)
[5]郭秦.对重大突发事件报道的思考[J].新闻知识,2004(8)
[6]姜秀珍.中外媒体突发事件报道价值取向差异原因探析[J].国际新闻界,2003(5)
[7]高向军.突发事件报道中的人文关怀浅析[J].南京政治学院学报,2002(2)
[8]赵志立.重大突发事件报道中的新闻伦理冲突[J].当代传播,2006(6)
[9]孙愈中.突发事件中主流媒体的社会责任[J].今传媒,2008(4)
[10]时统宇.中央电视台抗震救灾直播的历史意义和传播价值[J].中国广播电视学刊,2008(7)
[11]陈晖.对汶川地震现场报道的反思[J].新闻爱好者(理论版),2008(7)
[12]陈博.寻求电视新闻直播的可持续发展之路[J].当代电视,2006(11)
[13]张如成.现场直播报道提升电视竞争力[J].传媒观察,2006(11)
[14]蒋兆雨.走出电视新闻现场报道的误区[J].安徽农业大学学报,2006(5)
[15]姜跃中.用现场报道展现电视新闻特点[J].记者摇篮,2008(7)
[16]狄雪君.记者在电视新闻现场报道中的角色定位[J].视听纵横,2008(3)
[17]王媛.电视新闻现场报道的语言传播策略[J].新闻采编,2007(5)
[18]高晓虹.电视直播报道常态化的重大进步——“汶川地震”电视直播报道带来的思考[J].现代传播,2008(3)
[19]王辉.现场直播彰显电视传播优势[J].记者摇篮,2008(6)
[20]严前海.电视新闻直播的美学意识[J].东莞理工学院学报,2008(2)
[21]傅瑶.电视新闻现场直播的策划与前景[J].新闻知识,2008(2)
[22]Jill Drew.China Faces Aftershocks,Flood Fears[N]Washington Post,May28,2008
[23]Peter Ford.China Moves Quickly in Qquake Zone[N].The Christian Science Monitor,May13,2008
[24]Joel Achenbach.Similarity of Chinese,Calif Fault Systems Raise Concerns[N]. Washington Post,June 11,2008
[25]Chris Barker,Global Television: An Introduction[M].美国: Blackwell Publishing,1997
①郭庆光.传播学教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999(10):214
②赵士林.突发事件与媒体报道[]M.复旦大学出版社,2006(3):99
①陈秀敏.汶川抗震救灾电视报道的速度、深度与广度[J].对外传播,2008(6):50-51
①唐远清.汶川地震报道中的新闻伦理反思[J].当代传播,2008(4):47-48
①张晶,郎爽.试论灾难新闻报道中的审美愉悦性[J].现代传播,2003(4):31-33
②徐鹏.新闻报道如何避免悲情误区[J].传媒观察,2008(10):30-31
①唐弦,朱费伽.论灾难报道中情感与理性的平衡表达[J].现代视听,2008(12):41-43
①张国栋.灾难报道中的人本价值[J].青年记者,2009(2):29-30
①孙玉胜.十年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].上海:生活读书新知三联书店,2003(8):305
②林晓东.提高舆论引导能力应注意把握报道时机[J].新闻实践,2007(3):22-23
[1]郭庆光.传播学教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999(11)
[2]范以.论突发事件传媒视角选择[M].北京:军事科学出版社,2005(3)
[3]宋晓阳.出境记者现场报道指南[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2008(1)
[4]叶子.电视新闻学[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2005(3)
[5]韩彪.现场直播——新闻改革的标尺[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2007(1)
[6]赵玉明、王福顺.广播电视辞典[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,1999(10)
[7]刘东华.当代电视报道理念与技巧[M].北京:新华出版社出版,2004(8)
[8]沈忱.中国电视新闻现场直播——导演手记[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2004(1)
[9]贺文发.突发事件与对外报道[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2008(2)
[10]朱金平.论突发事件报道[M].武汉:长江出版社,2004(12)
[11]吴宜蓁.危机传播[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,2005(3)
[12]孙玉胜.十年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2003(8)
[13]史之.CCTV现场直播巴格达[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1998(4)
[14]邹建华.突发事件舆论引导策略[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2009(3)
[15]赵士林.突发事件与媒体报道[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2006(3)
[16]Crisis marketing:a comparison across economic scenarios International Business Review.2001
[17]Simon Moore. Disasters future: The prospects for corporate crisis management and communication.Business Horizons.2004.
[18]David A .Guth.Organizational Crisis Experience and Public Relations Roles.Public Relations Review,1995.
[19] Charles,Michael T.The World of Crisis and Crisis Management. 1989.
[20]Robert heath: Crisis Management For Managers and Executives.2004.
[21]Barbara Adam.Ulrich Beck and Joost Van Loon,The Risk Society and Beyond,Critical Issues for Society Theory[M].London:SAGE Publications,2000
[22]T.C Pachant,Crisis Management and Narcissism:A Kohutian Perspective Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Business Administration. University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA.1988
[1]井春野.从南方雪灾事件看媒体在突发事件报道中的责任缺失[J].新闻知识,2008(3)
[2]周小雍.从汶川地震看突发事件议程设置特点[J].新闻知识,2008(6)
[3]孙发友.从“人本位”到“事本位”——我国灾害报道观念变化分析[J].现代传播,2001(2)
[4]徐瑞.论近年来主流媒体对突发事件报道的改进与创新[J].湖北社会科学,2006(3)
[5]郭秦.对重大突发事件报道的思考[J].新闻知识,2004(8)
[6]姜秀珍.中外媒体突发事件报道价值取向差异原因探析[J].国际新闻界,2003(5)
[7]高向军.突发事件报道中的人文关怀浅析[J].南京政治学院学报,2002(2)
[8]赵志立.重大突发事件报道中的新闻伦理冲突[J].当代传播,2006(6)
[9]孙愈中.突发事件中主流媒体的社会责任[J].今传媒,2008(4)
[10]时统宇.中央电视台抗震救灾直播的历史意义和传播价值[J].中国广播电视学刊,2008(7)
[11]陈晖.对汶川地震现场报道的反思[J].新闻爱好者(理论版),2008(7)
[12]陈博.寻求电视新闻直播的可持续发展之路[J].当代电视,2006(11)
[13]张如成.现场直播报道提升电视竞争力[J].传媒观察,2006(11)
[14]蒋兆雨.走出电视新闻现场报道的误区[J].安徽农业大学学报,2006(5)
[15]姜跃中.用现场报道展现电视新闻特点[J].记者摇篮,2008(7)
[16]狄雪君.记者在电视新闻现场报道中的角色定位[J].视听纵横,2008(3)
[17]王媛.电视新闻现场报道的语言传播策略[J].新闻采编,2007(5)
[18]高晓虹.电视直播报道常态化的重大进步——“汶川地震”电视直播报道带来的思考[J].现代传播,2008(3)
[19]王辉.现场直播彰显电视传播优势[J].记者摇篮,2008(6)
[20]严前海.电视新闻直播的美学意识[J].东莞理工学院学报,2008(2)
[21]傅瑶.电视新闻现场直播的策划与前景[J].新闻知识,2008(2)
[22]Jill Drew.China Faces Aftershocks,Flood Fears[N]Washington Post,May28,2008
[23]Peter Ford.China Moves Quickly in Qquake Zone[N].The Christian Science Monitor,May13,2008
[24]Joel Achenbach.Similarity of Chinese,Calif Fault Systems Raise Concerns[N]. Washington Post,June 11,2008
[25]Chris Barker,Global Television: An Introduction[M].美国: Blackwell Publishing,1997