论出镜记者及其报道技巧
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摘要
随着电视业的快速发展,如今电视新闻较以往有一个显著的变化,就是记者现场出镜报道大量涌现,有的记者直接面对镜头作报道,有的记者与采访对象面对面交谈,有的记者作为新闻事件的调查者正在深入现场……电视新闻记者出镜已成为当今电视新闻报道中的普遍现象,并由此产生“出镜记者”这一新的电视记者角色。特别是在重大新闻事件发生时,出镜记者能够即时反应、快速传播,将电视声画结合的优势发挥的淋漓尽致,并用人性化的解读方式和独特的观察视角,将现场展示在受众眼前,使得新闻的时效性、真实性和贴近性大为提高。
为推进“出镜记者”理论与实践的发展,本文对其进行了较为深入的研究。
一、论述了国内外出镜记者出现的背景和现状,并在现有文献的基础上对“出镜记者”的定义进行了补充和改进。
二、对出镜记者的报道类型进行了分类,主要分为预知事件的出镜报道和突发事件的出镜报道,并对这两种类型的出镜报道技巧进行了相应的论述；对出镜记者的报道优势——直击真实现场、同步事态发展、传递内心感受进行了比较详细的论述。
三、从实际工作出发,提出了出镜记者应具备的基本素养,主要包括：完备的知识结构；丰富的社会阅历；良好的现场语言表达能力；适宜的非语言符号传播样式。
四、根据笔者的实践经验,提出了一些出镜记者在报道过程中应注意的问题,如细节的突出与整体的兼顾；事实的呈现与观点的陈述；视角的平等与沟通的真诚；情感的投入与情绪的把控等。
With the rapid development of television industry, there's a noticeable change when we are watching TV news in comparison with the past. A large number of on-the-spot coverage appears. Some journalists report while facing directly the camera lens. Some journalists talks face to face with the interviewees. Some journalists are investigating deep on the spots.......That the TV news journalists report alive has become a common phenomenon in today's TV coverage. Thus forms such a new role, "on-the-spot journalists". Especially in the major news events, they can react instantly, cover rapidly, play the full advantage of both picture and sound, and present in a humane way of interpretation and with a unique angle of view the live show in front of audiences so as to greatly improve the timeliness, reality and closeness of coverage.
In order to promote the development of theory and practice of "on-the-spot journalists", the following thesis will give more thorough research.
Firstly, it discusses the background and current situation when the domestic and overseas on-the-spot journalists appear, and makes amendments and additions to the definition of on-the-spot journalists based on the existing information.
Secondly, it classifies the coverage types of on-the-spot journalists which are mainly divided into the coverage on the predictable events and the coverage on the unpredictable events. It gives the illustration on the reporting skills in association with the two types. It also elaborates in details the advantages of the on-the-spot journalists--- face the live scene, report synchronously, and transfer feelings.
Thirdly, based on the practical work, it puts forward the basic quality that the on-the-spot journalists should have which mainly includes:complete knowledge structure; rich social experience; good language expression ability; appropriate nonverbal communication forms.
Fourthly, according to the practical experience, it poses some questions that the on-the-spot journalists should pay attention to in the process of coverage such as the outstanding details and the overall balance; the representation of realities and the statement of views; the equal perspective and the sincere communication; the emotional input and the emotional control.
为推进“出镜记者”理论与实践的发展,本文对其进行了较为深入的研究。
一、论述了国内外出镜记者出现的背景和现状,并在现有文献的基础上对“出镜记者”的定义进行了补充和改进。
二、对出镜记者的报道类型进行了分类,主要分为预知事件的出镜报道和突发事件的出镜报道,并对这两种类型的出镜报道技巧进行了相应的论述；对出镜记者的报道优势——直击真实现场、同步事态发展、传递内心感受进行了比较详细的论述。
三、从实际工作出发,提出了出镜记者应具备的基本素养,主要包括：完备的知识结构；丰富的社会阅历；良好的现场语言表达能力；适宜的非语言符号传播样式。
四、根据笔者的实践经验,提出了一些出镜记者在报道过程中应注意的问题,如细节的突出与整体的兼顾；事实的呈现与观点的陈述；视角的平等与沟通的真诚；情感的投入与情绪的把控等。
With the rapid development of television industry, there's a noticeable change when we are watching TV news in comparison with the past. A large number of on-the-spot coverage appears. Some journalists report while facing directly the camera lens. Some journalists talks face to face with the interviewees. Some journalists are investigating deep on the spots.......That the TV news journalists report alive has become a common phenomenon in today's TV coverage. Thus forms such a new role, "on-the-spot journalists". Especially in the major news events, they can react instantly, cover rapidly, play the full advantage of both picture and sound, and present in a humane way of interpretation and with a unique angle of view the live show in front of audiences so as to greatly improve the timeliness, reality and closeness of coverage.
In order to promote the development of theory and practice of "on-the-spot journalists", the following thesis will give more thorough research.
Firstly, it discusses the background and current situation when the domestic and overseas on-the-spot journalists appear, and makes amendments and additions to the definition of on-the-spot journalists based on the existing information.
Secondly, it classifies the coverage types of on-the-spot journalists which are mainly divided into the coverage on the predictable events and the coverage on the unpredictable events. It gives the illustration on the reporting skills in association with the two types. It also elaborates in details the advantages of the on-the-spot journalists--- face the live scene, report synchronously, and transfer feelings.
Thirdly, based on the practical work, it puts forward the basic quality that the on-the-spot journalists should have which mainly includes:complete knowledge structure; rich social experience; good language expression ability; appropriate nonverbal communication forms.
Fourthly, according to the practical experience, it poses some questions that the on-the-spot journalists should pay attention to in the process of coverage such as the outstanding details and the overall balance; the representation of realities and the statement of views; the equal perspective and the sincere communication; the emotional input and the emotional control.
引文
①谢礼.电视记者的现场报道艺术[J].新闻前哨.2007(04)
②宋玉生.记者的现场报道要五快[J].让者摇篮,2008(07)
③王慧.论电视记者的现场报道技巧[J].现代视听,2009(02)
④李曼青.西方电视出镜记者的启示[J].新闻与写作.2010(03)
⑤刘玲华.自然灾害报道中出镜记者的“入”与“出”[J].电视研究.2011(05)
⑥白嗣新.重大事件出镜记者现场报道的技巧[J].今传媒,2011(06)
①夏陈安,赵瑜.专业化生存：浙江教育科技频道的创新策略[M].北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2004：10
②朱羽君,雷蔚真.电视采访学[M].北京：中国人民出版社,2003：13
1宋晓阳.出镜记者现场报道指南[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社,2008：29
2王诗文.出镜记者[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社.2009：34
①张骏德.论电视新闻现场报道[J].《中国广播电视学刊》,2005(2)
①孙玉胜.1年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].上海：生活读书新知三联书店,2003(8)：156
①唐弦,朱费伽.论灾难报道中情感与理性的平衡表达[J].现代视听,2008(12)
①穆青.新闻散论[M].北京：新华出版社,1996：457
[1]宋晓阳.出镜记者现场报道指南(M).北京：中国广播电视出版社,2008(1)
[2]王诗文.出镜记者[M).北京：中国广播电视出版社,2009(4)
[3]周康梁.做最牛的主持人——英国电视名主持和他们的的节目[M]..广州：广东南方日报出版社,2009(4)
[4]张宸.当代西方新闻报道规范：采编标准及案例精解[M].上海：复口.大学出版社,2008(1)
[5]凤凰卫视出版中心.汶川十日-凤凰震地现场直击[M).长沙：湖南文艺出版社,2008(1)
[6](美)梅茨勒著,李丽颖泽.创造性的采访(第三版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010(3)
[7]赵华.国外媒体记者谈新闻调查性报道[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社,2009(1)
[8]张颂.语言和谐艺术论[M).北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2009(5)
[9]张颂.播音主持艺术论[M).北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2009(1)
[10]刘慧.身体语言的魅力[M).北京：中国三峡出版社,2008(10)
[11]陈韵昭译.传播学的起源、研究与应用[M].福州：福建人民出版社,1985.
[12]夏陈安,赵瑜.专业化生存：浙江教育科技频道的创新策略[M].北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2004.
[13]孙玉胜.十年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].上海：生活读书新知三联书店2003(8)
[14]穆青.新闻散论(M).北京：新华出版社,1996.
[15]张骏德.论电视新闻现场报道[J].《中国广播电视学刊》,2005(2)
[16]谢礼.电视记者的现场报道艺术[J].新闻前哨,2007(04).
[17]宋玉生.记者的现场报道要五快[J].记者摇篮,2008(07).
[18]王慧.论电视记者的现场报道技巧[J].现代视听,2009(02).
[19]李曼青.西方电视出镜记者的启示[J].新闻与写作,2010(03).
[20]刘玲华.自然灾害报道中出镜记者的“入”与“出”[J],电视研究,2011(05).
[21]白嗣新.重大事件出镜记者现场报道的技巧[J].今传媒,2011(06)
[22]唐弦,朱费伽.论灾难报道中情感与理性的平衡表达[J].现代视听,2008(12)
②宋玉生.记者的现场报道要五快[J].让者摇篮,2008(07)
③王慧.论电视记者的现场报道技巧[J].现代视听,2009(02)
④李曼青.西方电视出镜记者的启示[J].新闻与写作.2010(03)
⑤刘玲华.自然灾害报道中出镜记者的“入”与“出”[J].电视研究.2011(05)
⑥白嗣新.重大事件出镜记者现场报道的技巧[J].今传媒,2011(06)
①夏陈安,赵瑜.专业化生存：浙江教育科技频道的创新策略[M].北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2004：10
②朱羽君,雷蔚真.电视采访学[M].北京：中国人民出版社,2003：13
1宋晓阳.出镜记者现场报道指南[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社,2008：29
2王诗文.出镜记者[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社.2009：34
①张骏德.论电视新闻现场报道[J].《中国广播电视学刊》,2005(2)
①孙玉胜.1年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].上海：生活读书新知三联书店,2003(8)：156
①唐弦,朱费伽.论灾难报道中情感与理性的平衡表达[J].现代视听,2008(12)
①穆青.新闻散论[M].北京：新华出版社,1996：457
[1]宋晓阳.出镜记者现场报道指南(M).北京：中国广播电视出版社,2008(1)
[2]王诗文.出镜记者[M).北京：中国广播电视出版社,2009(4)
[3]周康梁.做最牛的主持人——英国电视名主持和他们的的节目[M]..广州：广东南方日报出版社,2009(4)
[4]张宸.当代西方新闻报道规范：采编标准及案例精解[M].上海：复口.大学出版社,2008(1)
[5]凤凰卫视出版中心.汶川十日-凤凰震地现场直击[M).长沙：湖南文艺出版社,2008(1)
[6](美)梅茨勒著,李丽颖泽.创造性的采访(第三版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010(3)
[7]赵华.国外媒体记者谈新闻调查性报道[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社,2009(1)
[8]张颂.语言和谐艺术论[M).北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2009(5)
[9]张颂.播音主持艺术论[M).北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2009(1)
[10]刘慧.身体语言的魅力[M).北京：中国三峡出版社,2008(10)
[11]陈韵昭译.传播学的起源、研究与应用[M].福州：福建人民出版社,1985.
[12]夏陈安,赵瑜.专业化生存：浙江教育科技频道的创新策略[M].北京：中国传媒大学出版社,2004.
[13]孙玉胜.十年——从改变电视的语态开始[M].上海：生活读书新知三联书店2003(8)
[14]穆青.新闻散论(M).北京：新华出版社,1996.
[15]张骏德.论电视新闻现场报道[J].《中国广播电视学刊》,2005(2)
[16]谢礼.电视记者的现场报道艺术[J].新闻前哨,2007(04).
[17]宋玉生.记者的现场报道要五快[J].记者摇篮,2008(07).
[18]王慧.论电视记者的现场报道技巧[J].现代视听,2009(02).
[19]李曼青.西方电视出镜记者的启示[J].新闻与写作,2010(03).
[20]刘玲华.自然灾害报道中出镜记者的“入”与“出”[J],电视研究,2011(05).
[21]白嗣新.重大事件出镜记者现场报道的技巧[J].今传媒,2011(06)
[22]唐弦,朱费伽.论灾难报道中情感与理性的平衡表达[J].现代视听,2008(12)