分布式网络实验平台的设计与实现
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摘要
近几年无线分布式网络的研究有了新的发展。最初的Ad Hoc网络由一组能够进行无线通信的终端组成的临时性的自组织系统,多个终端通过动态的多跳路由进行通信。随着研究的不断深入,衍生出了无线传感器网络(WSN)和无线Mesh网络,它们也具有分布式、自组织的特性,但由于应用场景的不同而具有不同的特性。以上3种分布式网络都需要在任一节点对之间存在至少一条完整的端到端通信路径的前提先才能保证通信,然而最近出现的新的无线分布式网络——机会网络能够利用节点间相对运动引起的偶然相遇进行“存储-携带-转发”试的数据传递。
实验平台的设计是无线分布式网络研究的一个重要方向。实验平台不仅可以用来验证无线分布式网络的理论研究成果,更可以用来探索无线分布式网络在实际场景中的应用。目前,针对不同的无线分布式网络,已经出现了许多实验平台。
本文首先讨论Linux平台上网络协议栈的架构,它为实验平台的设计提供了基础的框架,着重讨论了协议栈的链路层,并且提出了针对分布式网络的需求而对链路层的改进设计。接下来分别讨论了适用于不同分布式网络的实验平台设计实现结构：分层结构和非层次结构,并提出了改进性的设计。最后,对本文工作进行了总结和展望。
Research of the distributed wireless network has progressed considerably. the original Ad Hoc network is a temporary self-organizing system consisting of wireless terminals which communicate with multi-hop routes. With the deepening of the study, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Wireless Mesh Networks are derived, which also are distributed and self-organizing. But due to the different application scenarios, they have different characteristics. For all the three networks, in order to ensure the communication, two nodes need at least a complete end-to-end path if they want to communicate with each others. Recently, a new distributed wireless network is emerged, which is called opportunistic network because it get the communication opportunities from node movement to forward data and data is transmitted in a hop-by-hop way based on the "store—carry—forward" pattern.
The design of the experimental platform is an important direction of research in distributed wireless networks. Experimental platform not only can be used to verify the results of theoretical studies of distributed wireless networks but also can be used to explore application of distributed wireless network in the actual scene. Now, there have been many different experimental platforms for different distributed wireless networks.
Firstly, this paper discusses the architecture of Linux network protocol stack especially the link layer of the protocol stack, which provides the basis framework for the design of the experimental platform. This article also gives some improvements of the link layer for distributed wireless networks. The next discussion focuses on different structures of distributed wireless network:layered structure and non-layer structure and improvement of structures. At last, this paper gives the summary and outlook.
实验平台的设计是无线分布式网络研究的一个重要方向。实验平台不仅可以用来验证无线分布式网络的理论研究成果,更可以用来探索无线分布式网络在实际场景中的应用。目前,针对不同的无线分布式网络,已经出现了许多实验平台。
本文首先讨论Linux平台上网络协议栈的架构,它为实验平台的设计提供了基础的框架,着重讨论了协议栈的链路层,并且提出了针对分布式网络的需求而对链路层的改进设计。接下来分别讨论了适用于不同分布式网络的实验平台设计实现结构：分层结构和非层次结构,并提出了改进性的设计。最后,对本文工作进行了总结和展望。
Research of the distributed wireless network has progressed considerably. the original Ad Hoc network is a temporary self-organizing system consisting of wireless terminals which communicate with multi-hop routes. With the deepening of the study, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Wireless Mesh Networks are derived, which also are distributed and self-organizing. But due to the different application scenarios, they have different characteristics. For all the three networks, in order to ensure the communication, two nodes need at least a complete end-to-end path if they want to communicate with each others. Recently, a new distributed wireless network is emerged, which is called opportunistic network because it get the communication opportunities from node movement to forward data and data is transmitted in a hop-by-hop way based on the "store—carry—forward" pattern.
The design of the experimental platform is an important direction of research in distributed wireless networks. Experimental platform not only can be used to verify the results of theoretical studies of distributed wireless networks but also can be used to explore application of distributed wireless network in the actual scene. Now, there have been many different experimental platforms for different distributed wireless networks.
Firstly, this paper discusses the architecture of Linux network protocol stack especially the link layer of the protocol stack, which provides the basis framework for the design of the experimental platform. This article also gives some improvements of the link layer for distributed wireless networks. The next discussion focuses on different structures of distributed wireless network:layered structure and non-layer structure and improvement of structures. At last, this paper gives the summary and outlook.
引文
[1]张勇,郭达.无线网状网原理与技术[M].电子工业出版社,2007
[2]李鸣,刘月阳.三种无线分布式网络的比较[J].电信科学,2007,02：95-98.
[3]陈林星,曾羲,曹毅.移动Ad Hoc网络一自组织分组无线网络技术.电子工业出版社.2006：210～244
[4]熊永平,孙利民,牛建伟等.机会网络[J].软件学报,2009, Vol.20 No.1:PP.124-137.
[5]朱轶,赵洁Linux内核802.11无线网络协议栈的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2008, Vol.34 No.1:pp.140-141,144.
[6]Christian Benvenuti. Understanding Linux Network Internals[M]. O'Reilly Media, 2005.
[7]W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff. Unix Network Programming Volume 1:The sockets Networking API.3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Professional. 2006:56-130
[8]Netfilter/Iptables homepage[EB/OL]. http://www.netfilter.org.9-2005
[9]W.Richard Stevens, Stephen A.Rago. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment.3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley.5-2005
[10]Daniel P.Bovet and Marco Cesati. Understanding The Linux kernel[M]. O'Reilly Media,2005
[11]Torvalds L. Linux 2.6.35内核源代码[OL].[2012-1-30].http://www.Kemel.org/
[12]Comet A J. Linux设备驱动程序[M].中国电力出版社，2002.
[13]Mattbew S.Gast.802.11 Wireless Networks:The Definitive Guide[M]. O'Reilly Media,2005
[14]Bahl P,Chandra R,Dunagan J. SSCH:Slotted seeded channel hopping for capacity improvement in IEEE 802.11 Ad-Hoc wireless networks [C]. Proceedings of ACM Mobicom,Pennsylvania,USA,2004, Page(s):216-230.
[15]Johannes Berg. The 802.11 subsystems-for kernel developers[OL].[2012-1-30].http://linuxwireless.org/80211 books
[16]Linux wireless developer documentation[OL].[2012-1-30]. http://linuxwireless.org/en/developers/Documentatio n
[17]Reddy, Prashant P. Veloso, Manuela M. "RSSI-based physical layout classification and target tethering in mobile ad-hoc networks," Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS),2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on 25-30 Sept.2011, pp.2327-2332
[18]WildPackets. Converting Signal Strength Percentage to dBm Values [OL].[2011-1-30].http://www. wildpackets.com/elements/whitepapers/Converti ng_Signal_Strength.pdf
[19]Xu Yingxi, Gao Xiang, Sun Zeyu, Li Chuanfeng. "WSN Node Localization Algorithm Design Based on RSSI Technology,". Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA),2012 Fifth International Conference on 12-14 Jan.2012, pp.556-559.
[20]Charles E.Perkins, Elizabeth M.Belding-Royer, and Samir Das. Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector(AODV)Routing[S]. IETF RFC 3561, July 2003.
[21]韩培韬.移动自组网中的跨层路由设计[D].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[22]Ian D. Chakeres, AODV Implementation Design. Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.3-2004:698-703
[23]bioforge. Hacking the Linux Kernel Network Stack. Phrack Inc. OxOb.8-2003
[24]Elizabeth M. Royer, Charles E. Perkins. An Implementation Study of the AODV Routing Protocol. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Volume:3. 2000:1003-1008
[25]易欢.基于AODV的自组网系统的设计与实现及单向链路问题分析[D].北京邮电大学,2008.
[26]Lv Pin, Chen Yingwen, Xiao Wei, Xu Ming. "A Cross-Layer Scheme for Access Point Selection in Wireless Mesh Networks,". Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM),2010 6th International Conference on 23-25 Sept. 2010,vol.,no.,pp.1-5.
[27]郑锦锋,何军，周虹霞等.机会网络的RSSI-PROPHET路计算法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2011，Vol.47 No.35:pp.106-109.
[28]薛涛.冯博琴.内容发布订阅系统路由算法和自配策略研究[J].软件学报，2005.02：251-259.
[29]薛小平，张思东，张宏科，王小平，葛乐,尹琴.基于内容的发布订阅系统路由算法[J].电子学报，2008,05：953-961.
[30]孙军平，盛万不，王孙安.基于以太网的实时发布者/订阅者模型研究与实现[J].西安交通大学学报,2002，12：1299-1302.
[31]蔡青松,牛建伟,刘畅.一种机会网络中的消息发布/订阅算法[J].计算机工 程,2011,12：19-22+25.
[32]李冬霞,苏广川.LinLIX系统中ARP的编程实现技术[J].计算机应用研究,2001,04:123-125.
[2]李鸣,刘月阳.三种无线分布式网络的比较[J].电信科学,2007,02：95-98.
[3]陈林星,曾羲,曹毅.移动Ad Hoc网络一自组织分组无线网络技术.电子工业出版社.2006：210～244
[4]熊永平,孙利民,牛建伟等.机会网络[J].软件学报,2009, Vol.20 No.1:PP.124-137.
[5]朱轶,赵洁Linux内核802.11无线网络协议栈的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2008, Vol.34 No.1:pp.140-141,144.
[6]Christian Benvenuti. Understanding Linux Network Internals[M]. O'Reilly Media, 2005.
[7]W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff. Unix Network Programming Volume 1:The sockets Networking API.3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley Professional. 2006:56-130
[8]Netfilter/Iptables homepage[EB/OL]. http://www.netfilter.org.9-2005
[9]W.Richard Stevens, Stephen A.Rago. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment.3rd Edition. Addison-Wesley.5-2005
[10]Daniel P.Bovet and Marco Cesati. Understanding The Linux kernel[M]. O'Reilly Media,2005
[11]Torvalds L. Linux 2.6.35内核源代码[OL].[2012-1-30].http://www.Kemel.org/
[12]Comet A J. Linux设备驱动程序[M].中国电力出版社，2002.
[13]Mattbew S.Gast.802.11 Wireless Networks:The Definitive Guide[M]. O'Reilly Media,2005
[14]Bahl P,Chandra R,Dunagan J. SSCH:Slotted seeded channel hopping for capacity improvement in IEEE 802.11 Ad-Hoc wireless networks [C]. Proceedings of ACM Mobicom,Pennsylvania,USA,2004, Page(s):216-230.
[15]Johannes Berg. The 802.11 subsystems-for kernel developers[OL].[2012-1-30].http://linuxwireless.org/80211 books
[16]Linux wireless developer documentation[OL].[2012-1-30]. http://linuxwireless.org/en/developers/Documentatio n
[17]Reddy, Prashant P. Veloso, Manuela M. "RSSI-based physical layout classification and target tethering in mobile ad-hoc networks," Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS),2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on 25-30 Sept.2011, pp.2327-2332
[18]WildPackets. Converting Signal Strength Percentage to dBm Values [OL].[2011-1-30].http://www. wildpackets.com/elements/whitepapers/Converti ng_Signal_Strength.pdf
[19]Xu Yingxi, Gao Xiang, Sun Zeyu, Li Chuanfeng. "WSN Node Localization Algorithm Design Based on RSSI Technology,". Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA),2012 Fifth International Conference on 12-14 Jan.2012, pp.556-559.
[20]Charles E.Perkins, Elizabeth M.Belding-Royer, and Samir Das. Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector(AODV)Routing[S]. IETF RFC 3561, July 2003.
[21]韩培韬.移动自组网中的跨层路由设计[D].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[22]Ian D. Chakeres, AODV Implementation Design. Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.3-2004:698-703
[23]bioforge. Hacking the Linux Kernel Network Stack. Phrack Inc. OxOb.8-2003
[24]Elizabeth M. Royer, Charles E. Perkins. An Implementation Study of the AODV Routing Protocol. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Volume:3. 2000:1003-1008
[25]易欢.基于AODV的自组网系统的设计与实现及单向链路问题分析[D].北京邮电大学,2008.
[26]Lv Pin, Chen Yingwen, Xiao Wei, Xu Ming. "A Cross-Layer Scheme for Access Point Selection in Wireless Mesh Networks,". Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM),2010 6th International Conference on 23-25 Sept. 2010,vol.,no.,pp.1-5.
[27]郑锦锋,何军，周虹霞等.机会网络的RSSI-PROPHET路计算法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2011，Vol.47 No.35:pp.106-109.
[28]薛涛.冯博琴.内容发布订阅系统路由算法和自配策略研究[J].软件学报，2005.02：251-259.
[29]薛小平，张思东，张宏科，王小平，葛乐,尹琴.基于内容的发布订阅系统路由算法[J].电子学报，2008,05：953-961.
[30]孙军平，盛万不，王孙安.基于以太网的实时发布者/订阅者模型研究与实现[J].西安交通大学学报,2002，12：1299-1302.
[31]蔡青松,牛建伟,刘畅.一种机会网络中的消息发布/订阅算法[J].计算机工 程,2011,12：19-22+25.
[32]李冬霞,苏广川.LinLIX系统中ARP的编程实现技术[J].计算机应用研究,2001,04:123-125.