中国上市公司资本结构研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
资本结构理论是财务理论的重要组成部分,它不仅涉及企业的金融目标、筹资方式、筹资成本和企业的现金流量等企业的重大财务问题,更重要的是企业的资本结构对企业的治理结构、激励结构产生重大影响。资本结构理论还是微观金融理论和企业理论的一个重要组成部分。
     西方对资本结构的研究从20世纪50年代初关于资本结构的假说开始,到后来MM定理的诞生,再到此后长达多年的争论,西方学者对资本结构的研究不断深入。从莫迪利亚尼和米勒(Modigliani&Miller)1958年纯粹的理论模型开始,研究者不断的将这一模型向现实世界推进,引入了代理成本模型、股东与经营者之间的冲突理论、股东与债权人之间的冲突理论、非对称信息模型、基于产品/投入市场相互作用的模型、与公司控制权相关的理论,等等。20世纪90年代,随着行为金融理论的兴起,用行为金融的方法对公司资本结构理论的研究极大地推进了公司财务理论的发展,进而不断地丰富了现代金融理论。
     中国证券市场是一个新兴的市场,它创立于转轨经济的特殊时期,企业运行机制和制度环境都不同于西方国家,本文试图借鉴西方企业资本结构理论的成果,探讨和印证其在中国的适用性,从中国上市公司资本结构及其基本特征研究出发,考察中国上市公司的资本结构决策、和产品市场竞争的关系、以及市场时机选择行为。
     论文共分七章,各章的主要内容如下:
     第一章是导论
     第二章是对资本结构理论的文献回顾与评论。
     第三章对我国上市公司的资本结构决策问题进行了实证研究。通过对已有文献的分析,选取了33个可能影响企业资本结构的变量,并通过因子分析和逐步回归分析,找出了影响资本结构的主要因子及影响方式。最后,对获得的结论进行了稳健性检验。然后,通过引入资本结构动态调整框架,采用动态面板数据模型,对我国上市公司进行了分析,发现在我国上市公司资本结构中确实存在部分调整现象,而且调整成本也比较高。进一步的,本文还对影响公司资本结构调整速度的因素进行了研究
     第四章检验了企业的成长机会和基本财务政策之间的关系。利用我国上市公司的财务数据构造了面板数据集,选用了不同的财务政策变量对成长性因子变量进行了实证分析。实证结果发现,我国上市公司的成长机会和融资、股利政策间存在弱的正相关关系。另外,本章还对企业的资本结构对企业投资决策的影响做了分析,并利用我国上市公司的数据进行了实证研究。本文的研究结果表明,在我国上市公司中,企业的资本结构或者说企业的负债情况影响着企业的投资行为,企业的资本结构比率与企业投资水平间存在显著的负相关关系,并且这种负相关关系在低成长性企业中表现得尤为强烈。本文的稳健性检验也表明,这种负债与投资间的负效应关系对于资本结构比率的不同度量方法,在不同的计量模型下以及控制了行业因素后都是稳定的。
     第五章主要围绕中国上市公司的不同行业门类间的上市公司的资本结构是否存在差异,以及资本结构决策和产品市场竞争间的关系进行了研究。首先采用参数和非参数检验,以及描述行统计方法,对中国上市公司的行业特征与资本结构的关系进行了系统研究。然后,对企业资本结构和产品市场竞争间的关系进行了实证研究。选择了多个常用了衡量市场竞争程度的指标,并且构造和计算了竞争对手策略的影响度来衡量不同策略对企业间的竞争的影响。然后通过公共因子分析得到衡量市场竞争的不同方面的因子。最后,利用我国上市公司的数据构建面板数据模型进行了实证分析。
     第六章在回顾了行为金融理论对资本结构理论的发展后,运用1990—2004年中国沪深两市上市公司财务数据试图第一次较为全面地检验市场择时理论在中国的适用性。实证结果表明样本期内中国上市公司确实存在着股票融资和债务融资的市场择时行为;股票融资的市场择时行为短期内显著影响公司的资本结构;股票融资的市场择时行为具有持久影响资本结构的效应。
     第七章总结并提出相关政策性思考。
The theory of corporate capital structure is the core of modern finance theory. It's involved with the firm's finance goal, ways of financing, cash flow and other important financial issues, and also with corporate governance, and incentive structure. The theory of capital structure also is the important component of mordern finance and corporate theory.
    From the beginning of 1950s' capital structure hypothesis to the birth of the MM theory, it experienced the dispute which lasted for a long time. The west financial researchers constantly made meaningful studies on capital structure. They have discussed the relaxation of MM theory's strict assumptions since its establishment in 1958, and their efforts make more and more practical sense and constitute the innovation of theory in different level, such as agency cost model, interest conflict between shareholder and manager, interest conflict between shareholder and creditor, asymmetric information model, the mutual effect between product market and factor market, the theory on the corporate control , etc. In 1990's, with the emergence of behaviour financial theory , more and more financial researchs do their research on capital structure in behaviour finance method.
    Chinese stock exchange market is a emerging market, and it's set up on the time of economic transition. So, he operation and the rule environment of China's listed companies is different from the companies of developed countries. This paper tried to take advantage of the newest results of western researchers on capital structure to investigate and prove the adaptability of them in Chinese emerging market.To begin with the basic characters of capital structure of Chinese listed firms, this paper tried to investigate the capital structure decision, the relation between capital structure and competition of product market, and market timing behavior in Chinese stock market.
    There are seven chapters in this dissertation, and the contents of every chapter is:
    The first chapter is introduction.
    The second chapter summarizes the theories of corporate capital structure and makes comments on them.
    The 3th chapter does empirical study on capital structure decisions of Chinese listed firms.After analysis of literatures,the paper select 33 index variables as dependent variables which may affect the capital strucutre. By factor analysis and stepwise regression, the paper concludes the main determinant factors and their effect to capital structure. At the end of paper, Robust tests are done with different measures
    of leverage, different samples,and different econometric methodologies, the results reveal the conclusion is robust. Then, we took advantage of a dynamic adjustment model and dynamic panel methodology to investigate the capital structure of Chinese listed firms. Compared with static model,we found the evidence on existence of partial adjustment.Moreover,this paper also analyzed the effects of different firm-specific characterics as well as macroeconomic factors on the speed of adjustment to target capital structure.
    The 4~(th) chapter examines the relation between growth opportunity ,capital structure and dividend policy, by using financial data of Chinese listed firms to contruct panel data. And Using a panel data of Chinese listed companies,this chapter examined whether financing considerations measured by the capital structure affect corporate investment decisions unducing underinvestment or overinvestment incentives according to agency theory
    The 5~(th) chapter applies parametric and non-parametric test, and descriptive statics to systematically study the relation between industry characteristic and capital structure, and establishs the empirical link between corporate capital structure and product market competition. We choose some indexs which were frequently used in the past studies to measure market competition . By common factor analysis, we construct some factors to represent different faces of market competition. Finally, we take advantage of panel data model to do regression.
    The 7~(th) chapter reviews the development of behaviour finance to corporate capital structure theory. Then uses the financial data of listed company in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 1990 to 2004 to attempt to investigate the suitability of this new theory in China. The econometric evidence shows that the Chinese listed companies really behave according to the pattern of market timing in the form of stock and debt financing; equity financing does significantly influence the capital structure of the Chinese listed companies ; the market timing behavior of stock financing does have persistent influence on the capital structure
    The 7~(th) chapter is conclusion..
引文
ⅰ 实际上,在Smith和Watts(1992)中,给出了三种解释理论,但由于企业的税收状况信息的难以获得而没有对税收理论进行分析,本文亦是如此。
    ⅱ 见Baltagi & Raj(1992),Kiviet(1995),Bun & Kiviet(2001)
    ⅲ IV法可以得出一致的估计值,但并不能保证其为渐进有效。GMM由于运用了较多的正交条件,同时考虑了干扰项的协方差,因而可以得出渐进有效的结果。
    ⅳ 在资本结构理论中,也有用长期负债代替总负债来计算资本结构比率的,本文也采用这种度量进行实证,结果表明,以总负债表示的资本结构比率比长期负债表示的资本结构比率对企业的投资行为更具解释力。
    ⅴ 本文分别对滞后一期的资本结构比率和当期的资本结构比率作为解释变量进行计量分析,发现滞后一期的资本结构比率与企业当期的投资行为相关性更大。
    ⅵ 参见Hubbard(1998),Lang et al(1996),Fazzari、Hubbard和Petersen(1988)和Hoshi,Kashyap(1991)。
    ⅶ 具体分析参见Badi H.Baltagi(1995)
    ⅷ 根据前文的检验结果,固定效应模型是最合适的模型设定,因此表2中只给出了固定效应模型的估计结果
    ⅰ 陆家骝,《行为金融学的兴起》,广东人民出版社,2004,第254页
    ⅱ 股票市场择时模式指面对有利的股票市场条件而采取相对应的证券交易类型,如股票市场高涨时发行股票,反之回购股票等。
    ⅲ 如Rajan和Zingales(1995),Jung,Kim和Stulz(1996),Pagano,Panetta和Zingales(1998)以及Hovakimian,Opler和Titman(2001)等。
    ⅳ 资产价值的市场值有两种计算方法:资产市值1=资产账面值-权益账面值+年末股票发行总数*年底公众股的市场价格;资产价值2=资产账面值-权益账面值+流通股股数*每股股价+非流通股股数*每股净资产。本文采取第一种计算方法。童盼,陆正飞(2005)提出由于我国上市公司的特殊的股权结构,使得非流通股占有相当比例,这些非流通股在国有企业和机构投资者之间交易的价格,更接近于这些股权的账面价值,而不是流通股的市场价格,因而主张第二种计算方法。因此,本文也采用第二种方法来计算总资产的市值。
    ⅴ 由于页面篇幅限制,并没有给出所有IPO年度和正常时间年度的数据统计。
    1.柴正猛、张杏玲,2003,对现代资本结构理论的综述与评论[J],经济问题探索,3
    2.陈维云、张宗益,2002,对资本结构财务影响因素的实证研究[J],财经理论与实践,2002(1).
    3.陈晓、单鑫,1999,债务融资是否会增加上市企业的融资成本[J],经济研究,9
    4.陈晓、江东,2000,股权多元化、公司业绩与行业竞争性[J],经济研究,8
    5.陈小悦、徐晓东,2001,股权结构、企业绩效与投资者利益保护[J],经济研究,11
    6.陈小悦、李晨,1995,上海股市的收益与资本结构关系实证研究[J],北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1
    7.陈毓士,2002,财务学术前沿课题[M],经济科学出版社
    8.戴维.贝赞可等著,武亚军等译,1999,公司战略经济学[M],北京大学出版社
    9.方晓霞,1999,中国企业融资:制度变迁与行为分析[M],北京大学出版社
    10.费方域,1998,企业的产权分析[M],上海三联书店、上海人民出版社
    11.冯根福、吴林江、刘世彦,2000,我国上市公司资本结构形成的影响因素分析[J],经济学家,5
    12.佛朗哥.莫迪格利安尼、莫顿.米勒等著,卢俊译,2003,资本结构理论研究译文集[M],上海三联书店
    13.傅元略,1999,企业资本结构优化理论研究[M],东北财经大学出版社
    14.高山晟,2001,经济学中的分析方法[M],中国人民大学
    15.顾银宽等著,2004,上市公司财务问题[M],经济管理出版社
    16.古扎拉蒂著,林少宫译,1999,计量经济学[M],中国人民大学出版社
    17.郭鹏飞,孙培源,2003,资本结构的行业特征:基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J],经济研究,2003年第5期
    18.哈尔·瓦里安著,1998,微观经济学高级教程[M],经济科学出版社
    19.哈罗德·德姆塞茨著,段毅才等译,1999,所有权、控制与企业[M],经济科学出版社
    20.哈特著,费方域译,1998,企业、合同与财务结构[M],上海三联书店
    21.韩晓舟等著,2004,上市公司股权融资理论与实证研究[M],东北大学出版社
    22.洪锡熙、沈艺峰,2000,我国土市公司资本结构影响因素的实证分析[J],厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000年第3期
    23.黄贵海、宋敏,2004,资本结构的决定因素:来自中国的证据[J],经济学(季刊),2004第2期
    24.黄少安、张岗,2001,中国上市公司股权融资偏好分析[J],经济研究,2001(11)
    25.贾婕、虞慧晖,2003,企业融资理论前沿综述—企业资本结构与产品市场策略[J],浙江社会科学,2003年第6期
    26.江小娟,1999,体制转轨与产业发展:相关性、合意性以及对转轨理论的意义—对若干行业的实证研究[J],经济研究,1999年第1期
    27.金祥荣、虞慧晖,2003,不完全竞争、破产与企业资本结构选择[J],浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003年第4期
    28.金雪军、贾婕,2003,企业资本结构与产品市场战略[J],浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003年第4期
    29.李善民等,2003,上市公司资本结构影响因素述评[J],会计研究,2003年第8期
    30.李维安等著,2001,现代公司治理研究[M],中国人民大学出版社
    31.李心丹,2004,行为金融学——理论及中国的证据[M],上海三联书店
    32.李杨,2000,中国金融理论前沿[M],社会科学文献出版社
    33.李义超、蒋振声,2001,上市公司资本结构与企业绩效的实证分析[J],数量经济技术经济研究,2001年第2期
    34.李义超著,2003,中国上市公司资本结构研究[M],中国社会科学出版社
    35.李朝霞,2004,中国公司资本结构与融资工具[M],中国经济出版社
    36.李子奈、叶阿忠编著,2000,高等计量经济学[M],清华大学出版社
    37.刘波主编,1997,中国证券市场实证分析[M],学林出版社
    38.刘红梅,王克强,2002,中国企业融资市场研究[M],中国物价出版社
    39.刘少波等,2004,我国上市公司募集资金推向变更研究[J],经济研究,2004(5)
    40.刘树成主编,2000,中国资本市场前沿理论研究文集[M],社会科学文献出版社
    41.刘淑莲,2002,企业融资方式、结构与机制[M],中国财政经济出版社
    42.柳松,2004,转型期上市公司资本结构优化与融资行为研究[M],中国经济出版社
    43.刘志彪、姜付秀、卢二坡,2003,资本结构与产品市场竞争强度[J],经济研究,7
    44.刘志彪,2004,上市公司资本结构与业绩研究——以长江三角洲上市公司为例[M],中国财政经济出版社
    45.陆家骝等,2004,行为金融学的兴起[M],广东人民出版社
    46.陆正飞,1996,企业适度负债的理论分析与实证研究[J],经济研究,1996年第2期
    47.陆正飞等,1998,上市公司资本结构土要影响因素之实证研究[J],会计研究,1998年第8期
    48.陆正飞等,2003,中国上市公司融资行为研究[J],会计研究,2003年第12期
    49.陆正飞,2004,中国上市公司股权融资偏好解析[J],经济研究,2004年第4期
    50.吕长江等,2001,上市公司资本结构特点的实证分析[J],南开管理评论,5
    51.吕长江、王克敏,2002,上市公司资本结构、股利分配及管理股权比例相互作用机制研究[J],会计研究,2002年第3期
    52.迈克尔·迪屈奇著,王铁生等译,1999,交易成本经济学[M],经济科学出版社
    53.曼昆,1999,经济学原理[M],机械工业出版社
    54.潘敏,2002,资本结构、金融契约与公司治理[M],中国金融出版社
    55.裴平,2000,中国上市公司股权融资研究[M],南京大学出版社
    56.彭昭英,2000,SAS系统应用开发指南[M],北京希望电子出版社
    57.钱颖一,1995,中国的公司治理改革和融资改革[J],经济研究,1995年第1期
    58.青木昌彦,钱颖一,1995,转轨经济中的公司治理结构[M],北京:中国经济出版社
    59.青木昌彦著,周黎安译,2001,比较制度分析[M],上海远东出版社
    60.饶育蕾,2003,制度适应与市场博弈[M],经济科学出版社,
    61.萨缪尔森,1999,经济学[M],华夏出版社
    62.佘运久,2002,资本市场的协调发展[M],中国发展出版社
    63.沈维涛,2004,EVA对上市公司资本结构影响的实证研究[J],经济研究,2004(11)
    64.沈艺峰,1999,资本结构理论史[M],经济科学出版社
    65.沈艺峰、沈洪涛著,2004,公司财务理论主流[M],东北财经大学出版社
    66.斯蒂芬·罗斯等著,吴世农、沈艺峰等译,2000,公司理财[M],机械工业出版社
    67.施东辉,1996,上海证券市场风险的国际比较[J],经济研究,1996年第11期
    68.施东晖,2001,中国股市微观行为理论与实证[M],上海远东出版社
    69.汤业国,1998,中西方企业财务管理比较研究[M],中国人民大学出版社
    70.泰勒尔著,张维迎译,1997,产业组织理论[M],中国人民大学出版社
    71.童勇,2004,资本结构的动态调整和影响因素[J],财经研究,2004(10),96—104
    72.童勇,2005,我国上市公司资本结构影响因素——基于面板数据的研究[J],经济体制改革,2005增刊
    73.童勇,2006,我国上市公司的资本结构决策[J],生产力研究,2006
    74.童勇,2006,上市公司资本结构部分调整研究[J],产业经济研究,2006(2)
    75.万解秋,2001,企业融资结构研究[M],复旦大学出版社
    76.万解秋、陈洁,2001,融资结构与现代公司治理[J],浙江社会科学,2001年第7期
    77.王国刚,2002,中国资本市场热点研究—政策分析报告[M],中国城市出版社
    78.汪辉,2003,上市公司债务融资、公司治理与市场价值[J],经济研究,2003(8)
    79.王娟、杨凤林,2002,中国上市公司资本结构影响因素的最新研究[J],国际金融研究,2002年第8期
    80.王宁著,1999,企业融资研究[M],东北财经大学出版社
    81.王玉荣,2005,中国上市公司融资结构与公司绩效[M],中国经济出版社
    82.王志强,2002,税收与公司财务政策选择[M],人民出版社
    83.威廉 H.格林著,王明舰等译,1998,经济计量分析[M],中国社会科学出版社
    84.威廉.麦金森著,刘明辉主译,2002,公司财务理论[M],东北财经大学出版社
    85.吴敬琏著,2002,转轨中国[M],四川人民出版社
    86.吴晓求主编,2003,中国上市公司:资本结构与公司治理[M],中国人民大学出版社
    87.夏普著,1997,投资组合理论与资本市场[M],机械工业出版社
    88.夏晓辉、谭慧慧,2004,中国上市公司资本结构实证研究[J],世界经济文汇,2004(3):15—22
    89.肖作平、吴世农,2002,我国上市公司资本结构影响因素实证研究[J],证券市场导报,2002(8)
    90.肖作平,2004,负债到期结构:理论和证据[J],证券市场导报,2004(3)
    91.肖作平,2004,资本结构影响因素和双向效应动态模型[J],会计研究,2004(2)
    92.徐涛、万解秋,2002,现代企业融资理论的发展轨迹[J],经济学动态,2002(3)
    93.晏艳阳、李静,2002,我国上市公司资木结构特点及其成因分析[J],湖南社会科学,2002(12)
    94.杨兴全,2005,上市公司融资效率问题研究[M],中国财政经济出版社
    95.杨亚达、王明虎,2001,资本结构与资本运营[M],东北财经大学出版社
    96.于东智,2002,转轨经济中的上市公司治理[M],中国人民大学出版社
    97.俞乔,1994,市场有效、周期异常与股价波动[J],经济研究,2004(9)
    98.原红旗,2003,股权再融资之“谜”及其理论解释[J],会计研究,2003年第5期
    99.张春霖,1997,国有企业改革与国家融资[J],经济研究,1997年第4期
    100.詹姆斯·C.范霍恩著,刘志远译,2000,财务管理与政策[M],东北财务大学出版社
    101.张世荣、傅承,2000,中国证券市场与上市公司融资结构问题研究[J],南开经济研究,2000年第4期
    102.张维迎,1995,公司融资结构的契约理论:一个综述[J],改革,1995年第4期
    103.张维迎著,1996,博弈论与信息经济学[M],上海三联出版社
    104.张维迎著,1999,企业理论与中国企业改革[M],北京大学出版社
    105.张玉明,2003,资本结构优化与高新技术企业融资策略[M],上海三联书店
    106.张宗新,2001,融资制度:个国际比较的分析框架[J],世界经济,2001年第9期
    107.赵蒲、孙爱英,2003,产业竞争、非理性行为、公司治理与最优资本结构—现代资本结构理论发展趋势及理论前沿综述[J],经济研究,2003年第6期
    108.郑荣鸣,2004,中外企业融资结构比较分析会计研究[J],2004年第7期
    109.钟田丽,范宇,2004,上市公司产品市场竞争程度与财务杠杆的选择[J],会计研究,2004(6)
    110.周战强,2004,行为金融:理论与应用[M],清华大学出版社
    111.朱武祥,2002,企业融资行业与资本结构研究的新发展及启示[J],证券市场导报,2002年第8期
    112.朱武祥,2002,行业竞争结构、收益风险特征与资本结构—兼论股票市场资本风险配置效率及融资监管条件的调整[J],改革,2002年第3期
    113.朱武祥、陈寒梅,2002,产品市场竞争与财务保守行为:以燕京啤酒为例的分析,经济研究[J],2002年第8期
    114.朱叶,2003,中国上市公司资本结构研究[M],复旦大学出版社
    115. Aghion. P and P Bolton, 1992, "An incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting", Review of Economic Studies, 59, 473-494
    116. Allen, J. and G. Phillips , 2000, "Corporate Equity Ownership and Product Market Relation", Journal of Finance, 55, 2791-2814
    117. Almazan, Andres, Javier Suarez and Sheridan Titman. 2003. "Capital structure and transparency". University of Texas, Working Paper, 2003.
    
    118. Alti, Aydogan, 2004, "How persistent is the impact of market timing on capital structure",Unpublished working paper, University of Texas at Austin. 2004.
    
    119. Badi H. Baltagi ,1995. "Econometric Analysis of Panel Data", John Wiley&Sons Press.
    
    120. Baker, M., and J. Wurgler, 2002, "Market timing and capital structure", Journal of Finance , 62, 1-32.
    
    121. Barclay, M.J., and Jr., C.W.Smith, 1995, "The maturity of corporate debt", Journal of Finance 50, 609-631.
    
    122. Barton, S. and P. Gordon, 1988, "Corporate strategy and capital structure", Strategic Management Journal 9, 623-632.
    
    123. Barton,S.L., Hill.C, S.Sundaram, 1989, "An empirical test of stakeholder theory predictions of capital structure" , Finance Management 18, 36-44.
    
    124. Beaudry, P and M. Poitevin, 1994, "The commitment value of contracts under dynamic renegotiation". Rand Journal of Economics.1994,25 (4), 501-517
    
    125. Belkaoui A., 1975, "A Canadian survey of financial structure", Financial Management 4.
    
    126. Berger, G Philip, Eli Ofek and David L. Yermack,, 1997, "Managerial entrenchment and capital structure decisions", Journal of Finance 52, 1411 — 1438.
    
    127. Bevan Alan A., and Jo.Danbolt, 2001, "On the Determinants and Dynamics of UK Capital Structure", Working Paper.
    
    128. Bhaduri Saumitra N., 2002, "Determinants of corporate borrowing: some evidence from the Indian corporate Structure", Journal of Econimics and Finance 26, 200-215
    
    129. Blazenko,G.W., 1987, "Managerial preference, asymmetric information, and financialstructure", Journal of Finance 42, 839-862.
    
    130. Bolton, P and D. Scharfstein, 1990, "A theory of predation based on agency problems in financial contracting", American Economic Review, 1990, 80,93-106
    
    131. Bolton.P and D. Scharfstein. 1996. "Optimal Debt Structure and the Number of Creditors", Journal of Political Economy, 1996,104,1-25
    
    132. Booth, Laurence, Varouj Aivazian, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, and Vojislav Maksimovic, 2001, "Capital structures in developing countries", Journal of Finance S6, 87-130.
    
    133. Bowen,R.M.,Daley,L.A.,and Jr C.C.Huber, 1982, "Leverage measures and industrial classification: Review and additional evidence", Financial Management 11,10-20.
    
    134. Bowen, Robert M.; Daley, Lane A;Huber Jr., Charles C.1982, "Evidence on the Existence and Determinants of Inter-Industry Differences in Leverage" , Financial Management, Winterl982, Vol. 1 1 issue 4, p10
    
    135. Bradley, Michael, George A. Jarrell, and E. Han Kim, 1984, "On the existence of an optimal capital structure: theory and evidence", Journal of Finance 39, 857-880.
    
    136. Brander,J.A.,and T.R.Lewis, 1986, "Oligopoly and financial structure: the limited liability effect", American Economic Review 12,1986, 956-970.
    
    137. Brennan,M. and A.Kraus, 1987, "Efficient financing under asymmetric information", Journal of Finance 42,1987,1225-1243.
    
    138. Brennan,M.J., and E.S.Schwartz, 1970, "Corporate income taxes, valuation, and the problem of optimal capital structure", Journal of Business 51,1970,103-114.
    
    139. Campello, Murillo. 2003, "Capital structure and product markets interactions: evidencefrom business cycles". Journal of Financial Economics, June2003, Vol. 68 Issue 3, p353
    
    140. Cattrell,R.B.1966, "The Scree test for the number of factors", Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1966,1, 245-276
    
    141. Chen, Long, and Xinlei Zhao, 2004, "Understanding the role of the Market-to-Book ratio in corporate finance decisions", Working Paper. 2004.
    
    142. Chevalier,J.1995a, "Capital Structure and Product Market Competition: Empirical Evidence from the Supermarket Industry", American Economic Review, 1995, 85,415-435.
    
    143. Chevalier,J. 1995b,"Do LBO Supermarkets Charge More? An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of LBOs on Supermarket Pricing", Journal of Finance, 1995,50,1095-1112.
    
    144. Clouse, Maclyn L.Masson, Dubos J.1993, "Evidence on the Importance of Financial Structure: Do Industry Differences Still Exist?", American Business Review, June 1993, Vol. II Issue 2,p52
    
    145. Collins, J. Markham; Sekely, William S.1983, "The Relationship of Headquarters Country and Industry Classification to Financial Structure", Financial Management, Autumn1983, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p45
    
    146. Dasgupta S. and S. Titman .1998, "Pricing Strategy and Financial Policy", Review of Financial Studies, 1998,11,705-737
    
    147. DeAngelo H. and R. Masuiis,1980, "Optimal capital structure under corporate and personaltaxation" , Journal of financial eonomics, 1980,8,3-29
    
    148. Evgeny Lyandres.2002, "Capital Structure and Interaction among Firms in Output Markets—Theory and Evidence", SSRN working paper, 2002.
    
    149. Fama, E.F. and Jensen, Michael, 1983, "Agency problem and residual claims", Journal of Law and Economics 26, 327-349.
    
    150. Fama, Eugene, and Kenneth French, 2002, "Testing tradeoff and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt", Review of Financial Studies, 2002, 15,1-33.
    
    151. Fischer, E., R. Heinkel, and J. Zechner, 1989, "Dynamic capital structure choice: Theory and tests", Journal of Finance 44.
    
    152. Friend, Irwin, and Lang H.P. Lang, 1988, "An empirical test of the impact of managerial self-interest on corporate capital structure", Journal of Finance 43, 1988, 271-281
    
    153. Glazer,J.1994, "The Strategic Effect of Long-Run Debt on Imperfect Competition", Journal of Economic Theory, 1994, 62, 428-443.
    
    154. Grossman, Sand O. Hart, 1986, "The costs and benefits of ownership: A theory of vertical and horizontal integration" , Journal of Political Economy, 1986,94, 691-719
    
    155. Harman.H.H. 1976, "Modern Factor Analysis", 3rd edn., University of Chicago Press, 1976.
    
    156. Harris, M. and A. Raviv,1988, "Corporate Control Contests and Capital Structure", Journal of Financial Economics, 1988,20,55-86
    
    157. Harris, M. and A. Raviv, 1996, "The capital budgeting process — incentives and information", Journal of Finance ,1996,51,1139-1174
    
    158. Hart, O. and J. Moore,1995, "Debt and seniority: an analysis of the role of hard claims in constraining management", American Economic Review,1995, 85,567-585
    
    159. Hart, O. 1983, "The Market Mechanism as an Incentive Scheme" , Bell Journal of Economics, 1983,3,66-8.
    
    160. Hovakimian, A., Opler, T, and S. Titman, 2001, "The debt-equity choice", Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 36, 2001,1-24.
    
    161. Hovakimian, Armen, 2004, "Are observed capital structures determined by equity market timing", Baruch College, Working Paper, 2004.
    
    162. Israel, R., 1991, "Capital structure and the market for corporate control: The defensive role of debt financing", The Journal of Finance 46,1991,1391 — 1409.
    
    163. Jalilvad,A.,and RHarris, 1984, "Corporate behavior in adjusting to capital struchire and divided targets:an econometric study" , Journal of Finance 39,1984,127-145.
    
    164. Jay R. Ritter, 2004, "The Windows of Opportunity Theory of Capital Structure", Working Paper of University of Florida, http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/ritter
    
    165. Jensen, M. and W Meckling, 1976, "Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure", Journal of Financial Economics, 1976,3,305-360
    
    166. Jensen, M., 1986, "Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance and takeovers" , American Economic Review, 1986,76, 323-339
    
    167. Johnson S.A.1998, "The effect of bank debt on optimal capital structure", Financial Management,47-56.
    
    168. Kayhan, A, Titman, S, 2004, "Firms' histories and their capital structure" , NBER Working Paper, 2004.
    
    169. Kester, W. Carl. 1986, "Capital and Ownership Structure: A Comparison of United States and Japanese Manufacturing Corporations", Financial Management, Springl986, Vol. I S Issue I,p5
    
    170. Kim,W: and E.Soresen, 1986, "Evidence on the impact of agency cost of debt on corporate debt policy", Journal of Financial and quantitative analysis 27, 1986, 131 — 144.
    
    171. Kim,M.,and V.Maksimovic.1993, "Debt and Input Misallocation". Journal of Finance, 795-816
    
    172. Klein,Linda S.,O'Brien,Thomas J.O, and Peters, Stephen R, 2002, "Debt vs equity and asymmetric information: a review", The Financial Review 37, 2002,317-350.
    
    173. Kovenock,D., GPhilips.1997. "Capital Structure and Product Market Behavior: An Examination of Plant Exit and Investment Decision", Review of Financial Studies, 1997,10, 767-803.
    
    174. Korajczyk, Robert, Deborah Lucas and Robert McDonald, 1991, "The effect of information releases on the pricing and timing of equity issues", Review of Financial Studies, 1991, 4,685-708.
    
    175. Korajczyk,R.A., and A .Levy, 2003, "Capital structure choice: macroeconomic conditions and financial constraints", Journal of Financial Economics 68, 2003, 75-109.
    
    176. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A.,and R.Vishny, 1997, "Legal Determinants on External Finance". Journal of Finance 52, 1997,1131-1150
    
    177. Leary, Mark T and Michael R. Roberts, 2004, "Do firms rebalance their capital structure", Duke University, working paper, 2004.
    
    178. Leland, H.E. and D.H. Pyle, 1977, "Information asymmetries, financial structure, and financial intermediation". Journal of Finance, 1977,32,371-378
    
    179. Leland, H.E., 1998, "Agency cost, risk Management, and capital structure", Journal of Finance 53,1998,1213-1243
    
    180. Long, Michael; Malitz, Ileen. 1985, "The Investment-financing Nexus: Some Empirical Evidence". Midland Corporate Finance Journal, 1985(3), p53
    
    181. Loughran, Tim and Jay Ritter, 1995, "The new issues puzzle", Journal of Finance, 1995, 50, 23-51.
    
    182. Loughran, Tim, Jay Ritter, 1997, "The operation performance of firms conducting seasoned equity offering" .Journal of Finance, 1997,52,1823-1850.
    
    183. Maskin,E.,and J. Moore.,1999, "Implementation and renegotiation", Review of financial studies, 1999,66,39-56
    
    184. Maksimovic,V.1988, "Optimal Capital Structure in Repeated Oligopolies", Rand Journal of Economics, 1988,19,389-407.
    
    185. Maksimovic, V,1990, "Product Market Imperfections and Loan Commitments". Journal of Finance, 1990,45,1641 — 1653
    
    186. Maksimovic, V and J. Zechner,1991, "Debt, agency costs and industry equilibrium". Journal of Finance, 1991,46,1619-1643
    
    187. Marsh, Paul, 1982, "The choice between equity and debt: An empirical study", Journal of Finance 37,1982,121 — 144
    
    188. Michaelas,N., Chittenden, R, and P.Poutziouris, 1999, "Financial policy and capital structure choice in U.K.SMS: empirical evidence from company panel data", Small Business Economics 12, 1999, 113-130
    
    189. Modigliani, F. and M. Miller ,1958, "The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of Investment". American Economic Review, 1958,48, 261-297
    
    190. Modigliani, F and M. Miller,1963, "Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: a correction", American Economic Review, 1963, 53, 433-443
    191. Miller,M. H. 1999, "Debt and taxes". Journal of finance, 1999,32,261-275
    
    192. Myers, S.C., 1977, "Determinants of corporate borrowing", Journal of Financial Economics 5,1977,147-175.
    
    193. Myers, S. and Majluf, N.1984, "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information investors do not have", Journal of Financial Economics, 1984, 13, 187-221
    
    194. Myers, S. C.1984, "The capital structure puzzle" . Journal of Finance, 1984,39,575-592
    
    195. Noe, Thomas, 1988, "Capital Structure and signaling game equilibria", Review of Financial Studies 1, 331-356
    
    196. Ozkan. A., 2001, "Determinant of capital structure and adjustment to long run target: evidence from UK company panel data", Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 28,2001,175-198.
    
    197. Pinegar,J.M., and L.Wilbricht, 1989, "what managers think of capital structure theory: A Survey", Financial Management 15,1989,82-91
    
    198. Poitevin, M.,1989, "Financial signaling and the "deep-pocket" argument" , Rand Journal of Economics,1989,20,26-40
    
    199. Raj an, R. G. 1992, "Insiders and outsiders: the choice between Informed and Arm's-Length debt", Journal of Finance; 1992,47,1367-1400
    
    200. Rajan, Raghuram GZingales, Luigi.1995, "What do we know about capital structure:Some evidence from international data", Journal of Finance, December, 1995, Vol. 50 Issue 5 p142
    
    201. Ross, S.,1977, "The determinants of financial structure: the incentive signaling approach" , Bell Journal of Economics, 1977,8, 23-40
    
    202. Raviv, A.,and M.Harris, 1991, "The theory of capital structure", Journal of Finance 45, 1991,297-353.
    
    203. Rongbing Huang, Jay R.Ritter, 2004, "Test the market timing theory of capital structure", Working Paper, 2004.
    
    204. Scott, J. 1976, "A theory of optimal capital structure", Bell Journal of Economics, 1976, 7, 33-53
    
    205. Scott Jr,,David F.; Martin, John D.1975. "Industry influence on financial structure", Financial Management, Spring 1975, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p67
    
    206. Scott,James H.Jr, 1976, "A theory of optimal capital structure", Bell Journal of Economics 1976,33-53.
    
    207. Short,H., Keasey.,R., and D.Duxbury, 2002, "Capital structure, management ownership and larger external shareholder: A UK analysis", International Journal of Business 9, 2002, 375-399.
    
    208. Showalter.D. 1995,"Oligopoly and Financial Structure: Comment", American Economic Review, 1995, 85, 647-653.
    209. Showalter,D.1999, "Strategic Debt: Evidence in Manufacturing", International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1999,17, 319-333.
    
    210. Shyam-Sunder, Lakshmi and Stewart C. Myers, 1999, "Testing static tradeoff against pecking order models of capital structure", Journal of Financial Economics 51, 1999,219-244
    
    211. Smith C. and J.B. Warner,1979, "On financial contracting, an analysis of bond covenants", Journal of financial economics, 1979, June,117-161
    
    212. Stutz, R. 1988, "Manal control of voting rights: financing policies and the market for corporate control", Journal of Financial Economics, 1988,20, 25-54
    
    213. Stein, Jeremy C., 1996, "Rational capital budgeting in an irrational world", Journal of Business, 1996,69, 429-455
    
    214. Stulz, Rene, 1990, "Managerial Discretion and Optimal Financing Policies", Journal of Financial Economics 1990, 26,3-27.
    
    
    215. Sundaram.A. K,John.T.A, John.K .1996. "An Empirical analysis of strategic competition and firm values.The case of R&D competition", Journal of Financial Economics, 1996, 40, 459-486.
    
    216. Titman, S., 1984, "The Effect of Capital Structure on a Finn's Liquidation Decision", Journal of Financial Economics, 1984,13,137-151
    
    217. Titman, S., and R. Wessels, 1988, "The determinants of capital structure choice", Journal of Finance 43,1988,1 - 19
    
    218. Wald, J. K., 1999, "How firm characteristics affect capital structure: an international comparison", Journal of Financial Research 22,1999,161-187
    
    219. Wallace,T.D. and A.Hussain,1997, "The use of error components models in combining cross-sectiona nd time-series data", Econometrica , 1997, 37,55-72.
    
    220. Welch, I., 2004, "Capital structure and stock returns", Journal of Political Economy, 2004, 112,106-131.
    
    221. Williamson, Oliver, 1988, "Corporate finance and corporate governance", Journal of Finance 43,1988,567-591.
    
    222. Zechner,J., 1996, "Financial market-product market interactions in industry equilibrium:implications for information acquisition decisions", European Economic Review,1996,40, 883-896

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700