多天线与有限反馈下的基站协作性能研究
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摘要
如何有效提高无线链路的数据传输速率和稳定性、提供更大范围的网络覆盖,这已经成为未来移动通信系统具有挑战性的问题。近年来,许多通信标准组织和研究学者提出将多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)作为解决该问题的关键技术之一,针对MIMO相关的空时／空频编码、预编码以及协作通信等技术展开了较为广泛的研究。
本文主要针对MIMO空时／频编码和基站协作通信相关理论和技术进行了深入研究,其主要研究工作及成果如下：
1、针对MIMO空频编码在不同信道质量下只存在一个固定的分集复用折中(Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff, DMT)点,难以获得较好性能的问题,论文将机会主义编码的思想引入到空频编码,提出了一种新的机会主义空频编码。所提编码方案可根据信道质量的变化提供不同的DMT点。若信道质量较好,则复用增益较高,分集增益较低；若信道质量较差,则复用增益较低,分集增益较高。结果表明,所提编码方案可机会主义地利用信道,提高了系统性能。
2、在多用户MIMO基站协作通信中,针对用户分配反馈比特数的问题,本文提出一种新的反馈比特方案。在该方案中,用户为本服务基站反馈量化信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)所使用的比特数(用来抑制多用户干扰)与为相邻的干扰基站反馈干扰CSI所使用的比特数(用来消除来自相邻基站干扰)是不同的。本方案在有限反馈和总反馈比特数固定的情况下,根据两种干扰能量的大小,合理地为服务基站和相邻干扰基站分配反馈比特数(这些比特数是量化信道所使用的比特数),在理论上求得了由于有限反馈造成的容量损失,此方案可以最小化由于有限反馈带来的容量损失。同时此方案相对于传统的等比特分配方法,使系统性能得到了进一步提升。
3、针对有限反馈带来的量化误差和信道时延,论文对基站协作预编码在有限反馈下的容量损失进行了研究,得出了基于容量损失的最优反馈比特数。仿真结果表明,当反馈比特数逐渐增加(量化误差减小)和信道时延逐渐减小时,系统容量损失会随之减小。同时可以发现,当信道时延较大时,反馈比特数的大小对容量损失的影响很有限。
4、针对多用户MIMO基站协作系统中由于参与协作的基站到服务用户的距离差异带来的异步干扰问题,提出了基于有限反馈下的异步干扰最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error, MMSE)预编码技术。该预编码技术考虑每基站最大发射功率受限,采用随机矢量量化(Random Vector Quantization, RVQ)有限反馈量化方法。仿真结果表明,该预编码技术可有效抑制由于异步干扰带来的容量损失。
How to efficiently improve date transmission stability, speed of wireless communications links and provide a wide range of network coverage has been a challenging problem in the future wireless communication systems. Recently, many communication organizations and research scholar propose that take the MIMO (multiple input multiple input) as the one of the key technology for solving this problem. Space time, space frequency codes, precoding and cooperative communication for MIMO has been researched widely.
This dissertation researchs the theory and technology of the space time coding and the cooperation base station deeply. The major research works and contribution are summarized as follows:
1、In SFBC (space frequency block codes) MIMO systems, there is a fixed DMT (Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff) point between diversity and multiplexing in different quanlity of channel. It is difficult to have good performance. We take idea of opportunistic codes into the space-frequency code, and propose a new opportunistic space frequency codes. The proposed codes can get the different DMT point based on different quanlity of channel. If the quanlity of channel is good, the multiplexing is high (diversity is low). If the quanlity of channel is bad, the diversity is high (multiplexing is low). This method can opportunistically use the channel and improve the performance of system.
2、For multi-user MIMO and the cooperative multi-cell systems, we study the bit feedback allocation method, a new limited feedback bit allocation scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the bits for local base station (these bits for mitigating multiple user interference) and the bits for adjacent interference base station (these bits for mitigation the interference from adjacent base station) are different. Under limited feedback and fixed bits, we consider the power of two kinds of interference, and allocate feedback bit reasonably for local service base station and adjacent interference bases station (these bits for quantizing channel). Finally, we analyse of rate loss due to the limited feedback. It is shown that our scheme minimizes the rate loss duo to the limited feedback. Comparing with traditional equal bits allocation method, our proposed scheme has better performance.
3、For quantization error and channel delay caused by limited feedback, we analyze the rate loss with limited feedback in cooperative base station and obtain the optimal feedback bit based on rate loss. When feedback bits are increased (quantization error is decreased), channel delay is decreased, and rate loss will be decreased. The simulations showns that. Simultaneously, we can get that the channel delay increases gradually, the rate loss can be improved little by the increasing of feedback bits.
4、For asynchronous interference duo to different propagation times between the base station and mobile stations in multiple users in cooperative base station, we propse the MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error)precoding based on limited feedback. This precoding scheme is designed with RVQ (Random Vector Quantization) method and per-base station power constrain. The simulation shows that proposed MMSE scheme achieve an improved performance and decrease the asynchronous interference compared with the conventional MMSE in base station cooperative systems.
本文主要针对MIMO空时／频编码和基站协作通信相关理论和技术进行了深入研究,其主要研究工作及成果如下：
1、针对MIMO空频编码在不同信道质量下只存在一个固定的分集复用折中(Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff, DMT)点,难以获得较好性能的问题,论文将机会主义编码的思想引入到空频编码,提出了一种新的机会主义空频编码。所提编码方案可根据信道质量的变化提供不同的DMT点。若信道质量较好,则复用增益较高,分集增益较低；若信道质量较差,则复用增益较低,分集增益较高。结果表明,所提编码方案可机会主义地利用信道,提高了系统性能。
2、在多用户MIMO基站协作通信中,针对用户分配反馈比特数的问题,本文提出一种新的反馈比特方案。在该方案中,用户为本服务基站反馈量化信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)所使用的比特数(用来抑制多用户干扰)与为相邻的干扰基站反馈干扰CSI所使用的比特数(用来消除来自相邻基站干扰)是不同的。本方案在有限反馈和总反馈比特数固定的情况下,根据两种干扰能量的大小,合理地为服务基站和相邻干扰基站分配反馈比特数(这些比特数是量化信道所使用的比特数),在理论上求得了由于有限反馈造成的容量损失,此方案可以最小化由于有限反馈带来的容量损失。同时此方案相对于传统的等比特分配方法,使系统性能得到了进一步提升。
3、针对有限反馈带来的量化误差和信道时延,论文对基站协作预编码在有限反馈下的容量损失进行了研究,得出了基于容量损失的最优反馈比特数。仿真结果表明,当反馈比特数逐渐增加(量化误差减小)和信道时延逐渐减小时,系统容量损失会随之减小。同时可以发现,当信道时延较大时,反馈比特数的大小对容量损失的影响很有限。
4、针对多用户MIMO基站协作系统中由于参与协作的基站到服务用户的距离差异带来的异步干扰问题,提出了基于有限反馈下的异步干扰最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error, MMSE)预编码技术。该预编码技术考虑每基站最大发射功率受限,采用随机矢量量化(Random Vector Quantization, RVQ)有限反馈量化方法。仿真结果表明,该预编码技术可有效抑制由于异步干扰带来的容量损失。
How to efficiently improve date transmission stability, speed of wireless communications links and provide a wide range of network coverage has been a challenging problem in the future wireless communication systems. Recently, many communication organizations and research scholar propose that take the MIMO (multiple input multiple input) as the one of the key technology for solving this problem. Space time, space frequency codes, precoding and cooperative communication for MIMO has been researched widely.
This dissertation researchs the theory and technology of the space time coding and the cooperation base station deeply. The major research works and contribution are summarized as follows:
1、In SFBC (space frequency block codes) MIMO systems, there is a fixed DMT (Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff) point between diversity and multiplexing in different quanlity of channel. It is difficult to have good performance. We take idea of opportunistic codes into the space-frequency code, and propose a new opportunistic space frequency codes. The proposed codes can get the different DMT point based on different quanlity of channel. If the quanlity of channel is good, the multiplexing is high (diversity is low). If the quanlity of channel is bad, the diversity is high (multiplexing is low). This method can opportunistically use the channel and improve the performance of system.
2、For multi-user MIMO and the cooperative multi-cell systems, we study the bit feedback allocation method, a new limited feedback bit allocation scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the bits for local base station (these bits for mitigating multiple user interference) and the bits for adjacent interference base station (these bits for mitigation the interference from adjacent base station) are different. Under limited feedback and fixed bits, we consider the power of two kinds of interference, and allocate feedback bit reasonably for local service base station and adjacent interference bases station (these bits for quantizing channel). Finally, we analyse of rate loss due to the limited feedback. It is shown that our scheme minimizes the rate loss duo to the limited feedback. Comparing with traditional equal bits allocation method, our proposed scheme has better performance.
3、For quantization error and channel delay caused by limited feedback, we analyze the rate loss with limited feedback in cooperative base station and obtain the optimal feedback bit based on rate loss. When feedback bits are increased (quantization error is decreased), channel delay is decreased, and rate loss will be decreased. The simulations showns that. Simultaneously, we can get that the channel delay increases gradually, the rate loss can be improved little by the increasing of feedback bits.
4、For asynchronous interference duo to different propagation times between the base station and mobile stations in multiple users in cooperative base station, we propse the MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error)precoding based on limited feedback. This precoding scheme is designed with RVQ (Random Vector Quantization) method and per-base station power constrain. The simulation shows that proposed MMSE scheme achieve an improved performance and decrease the asynchronous interference compared with the conventional MMSE in base station cooperative systems.
引文
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