类复向量原理在空间机构分析与综合中的应用研究
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摘要
目前解决空间机构分析与综合问题的解析法有方向余弦矩阵法、矢量旋转法以及本研究所用的类复向量原理等方法。方向余弦矩阵法分析空间连杆机构问题时需要建立N个(机构运动副的数量)坐标系,至少需要N次坐标系旋转和变换,计算过程较为繁琐;矢量旋转法是运用矢量的旋转来进行坐标变换,对于一般的初学者来说需要重新学习矢量概念和建立矢量坐标系,而且由于坐标系的选择不同需要重新计算单位矢量,缺乏通用性,计算量偏大;类复向量原理的提出,完善了空间连杆机构运动分析与综合的应用研究,初步探索出一条解决空间机构运动分析与综合问题的捷径。
     一、空间连杆机构运动分析问题的类复向量原理
     类复向量原理实质是利用类复向量的自身旋转代替空间直角坐标系的旋转,这使得绝大多数运动分析问题可以用绝对欧拉角解决,而对于更为复杂的机构运动分析问题也可以借助动坐标系和相对欧拉角解决,减少了坐标变换次数和被变换的向量。通过运用方向余弦矩阵法、矢量旋转法和类复向量原理对同一空间连杆机构(RSSR四杆机构)的具体位置分析过程的比较分析,论证了运用类复向量原理不但完全可以解决空间连杆机构的运动分析问题,而且还简化了计算过程。
     二、空间刚体导引机构综合问题的类复向量原理
     当动坐标系相对定坐标系进行欧拉旋转,即先绕Z轴逆时针进动α角后,再绕X_m轴逆时针章动γ角,最后绕Z_m轴逆时针自转β角,推导出刚体绕坐标轴的欧拉旋转矩阵:绕任意轴的类复向量旋转矩阵:
    
    吉林农业大学硕士学位论文
    类复向量原理在空间机构分析与综合中的应用研究
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     而且还推导出螺旋运动参数的类复向量算法,完成了运用类复向量原理综合
    空间刚体导引机构问题,填补了运用类复向量原理综合空间连杆机构的空白。
    三、计算机实现空间刚体导引机构综合的类复向量原理
     首次运用计算机实现了类复向量原理综合空间连杆机构的算法,其中运用世
    界上公认的最先进科学计算工具Ma t 1 ab(调用其中Ma t r 1 xvB作为vB的COM函数
    引用)以及采用普遍为程序员所接受的编程语言Visual Basie(即“VB+Matlab”
    模式)来设计计算机算法和界面。
    1.计算机算法模块
     整个程序共分五个模块:(1)直角坐标系数值转换;(2)数值位移矩阵D的
    求解;(3)螺旋角及欧拉角的求解;
    据。
     设计流程如图1所示。
     模块五模块一
    (4)线位移及P1坐标的求解;(5)刷新数
    模块二
    模块三
    模块四
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    标
     图1程序流程图
    F 19.1 Flow ehart ofProgram
    
    吉林农业大学硕士学位论文
    类复向量原理在空间机构分析与综合中的应用研究
    2.关于VB中几个数学函数的实现
     VB函数库中并不包含本文所需的反正弦以及反余弦的函数式,所以本研究
    给出了A rcs in(x)以及ArcCoS(x)的函数表达式及程序的具体实现过程,初步解
    决了在用计算机实现类复向量原理综合空间连杆机构的应用研究中,出现的计算
    螺旋角甲和螺旋轴的欧拉角时VB函数库缺少反余弦和反正弦函数式的问题。反
    正弦与反余弦的数学表达式如下:
     aresi。二一。rc心(二/、仁丁)
     aree。,:一尸,22一。resi。;一尸,22一。rc心(二/沂耳牙)
    3.矩阵运算的实现
     科学计算软件Ma t 1 ab具有强大的计算和绘图功能、大量稳定可靠的算法库、
    简洁高效的编程特点,所以求解线性方程组具有无可比拟的优越性,类复向量综
    合机构程序即调用Mat 1 ab中的mmt:1 xvB.dll动态链接库实现矩阵运算和方程组
    求解。
     通过综合同一刚体导引机构的手工计算和计算机计算实例得出:应用计算机
    技术可以大大提高运用类复向量原理综合空间机构问题的速度和精度,手工计算
    需要几十分钟甚至几个小时的任务现在只需要不到5秒钟就可以完成,而且计算
    机计算精度更高(精度范围在一1.79769313486232e308
    1.79769313486232e308),使得计算机实现类复向量原理在空间连杆机构综合这
    类问题上更为简便。
Nowadays, analytic methods of analyzing and synthesizing kinematic proceedings on spatial mechanism have method of direction cosine matrix, vector rotation and similar complex vector used in this study etc, while the proceedings of analyzing with direction cosine matrix method needs building N coordinate axis which are the numbers of kinematic pairs of spatial mechanism and needs at least N coordinate axis rotations and changes. So the computation proceedings are overloaded with details. Vector rotation is the method to utilize the rotation of vector to change the coordinate system. To ordinary learners, they must study the concept of vector and build up vector coordinate system, and they will recompute the unit vector when choosing the different coordinate system. So the volume of computation is also huge and it lacks of general characters. So similar complex vector principle will gradually improve the applied research position on spatial mechanism problem of analyzing and synthesizing and become the shortc
    ut to solve the spatial mechanism problem of analyzing and synthesizing and
    First, kinematic analyzing problem on spatial linkage mechanism with similar complex vector
    Similar complex vector principle virtually takes advantage of the Euler rotation of similar complex vector to replace the spatial rectangular coordinate axis. Most of the kinematic proceedings can be solved by absolute Euler Angle, and with the help of dynamic coordinate system and relative Euler Angle the more complex problem of kinematic proceedings on spatial mechanism will be solved easily. And this decreases the times of changing coordinate system and vectors. This paper analyzes the kinematic proceedings on a same spatial mechanism that is a RSSR four-bar linkage in methods of direction cosine matrix, vector rotation and similar complex vector by comparison and analyzing. According to the results, it demonstrates that similar complex vector principle can not only solve kinematic analyzing problem on spatial linkage mechanism but also simplify the proceedings of computation.
    Second, synthesizing steering mechanism of spatial rigid body with similar complex vector
    When dynamic coordinate system goes on Euler rotation relative to static
    
    
    coordinate system, it means that the coordinate axis firstly rotating a angle around axis Z, and then rotating y angle around Xm, and finally rotating angle around Zm. So the Euler rotation matrix is deduced:
    including
    And it is also deduced that spiral kinematic parameters with similar complex vector. It completes the problem of synthesizing steering mechanism of space rigid body with similar complex vector, and fills the blank of synthesizing spatial linkage mechanism with similar complex vector.
    Thirdly, synthesizing steering mechanism of spatial rigid body with similar complex vector by computer
    It is the first time to accomplish the algorithm of synthesizing spatial linkage mechanism with similar complex vector by computer. And applying Matlab which is the most advanced scientific computation tool in the world, this program used Matrixvb as the VB's COM function to call Dynamic Link Library mmtrixvb and to implement the algorithm computation and adopts VB which is the most common used in the programmer's world to design its interface.
    1. Computer algorithm modules
    The whole program consists of five modules: (1) digital transferring of rectangular coordinate system; (2) solving of digital displacement matrix D; (3) solving of spiral angle and Euler angle; (4) solving of line displacement and PI; (5) fresh the digitals.
    
    To design the flow chart as follows:
    Module Five Module One Module Two Module Three Module Four
    2. Fulfillment of several mathematics function on VB
    Due to VB's function library doesn't have the function formula of arcsine and arccosine needed in this paper, so this paper provided the specific function formula of arcsine and arccosine and the special programming proceedings, and it preliminarily solves the prob
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